Local business partnerships are cooperative relationships between nearby organizationsโshops, service providers, nonprofits, schools, and civic groupsโbuilt to create mutual value through referrals, shared audiences, and joint projects. For business owners, the payoff is practical: warmer trust, steadier foot traffic, and reputational momentum that spreads across a town faster than any single campaign.
A fast snapshot
Lead with shared customers, not grand ideas.
Make the first ask tiny, time-boxed, and measurable.
Protect trust with clear roles + quick follow-through.
Review monthly and keep what works; let the rest go.
Why local partnerships break (and the fix)
Problem: Many partnerships begin with vague excitement (โWe should collaborate!โ) and end with vague silence. No one owns the next step. The โwinโ is fuzzy. The calendar fills up.
Partnerships arenโt only about being friendly; theyโre about communicating clearly, negotiating fairly, and leading through follow-through. Some business owners sharpen those skills through structured educationโespecially when they need a format that fits around work, family, and unpredictable weeks. If youโre exploring that route,take a look at this for an overview of online business degree options and specializations designed for flexibility.
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The 7-step partnership builder checklist
Pick one goal. Referrals, foot traffic, brand trust, recruitmentโchoose one.
List your โcustomer neighbors.โ Who serves your people before/after you do?
Qualify alignment quickly. Similar quality standards, compatible values, overlapping audience.
Propose one pilot. One event, one bundle, or one referral loopโtime-boxed.
Put roles in writing. One paragraph: who does what, by when, with what budget.
Track one signal. A promo code, a referral card, a shared spreadsheetโkeep it simple.
Debrief and decide. Continue, adjust, or end cleanly. Data over drama.
Partnership hygiene that keeps things from fading
A partnership can work and still drift, simply because nobody maintains it. Borrow a few simple rules:
Monthly touchpoint (15 minutes): what happened, whatโs next, who owns it.
Quarterly refresh: a new offer, a new shared story, or a new activation.
Respect bandwidth: avoid plans that require heroics to execute.
Protect trust: if you canโt deliver, communicate earlyโsilence is the real relationship killer.
One resource worth bookmarking before your next outreach
If you want a practical, low-pressure way to sharpen your partnership approachโwithout paying for a consultant up frontโSCORE is worth knowing. SCORE is a nonprofit resource partner associated with the U.S. Small Business Administration and offers free mentoring and educational workshops for small business owners. Hereโs how it helps specifically with local partnerships:
Pressure-test your pitch: Bring your draft outreach message and get feedback on clarity and tone.
Tighten your offer: Mentors can help you turn โLetโs collaborateโ into a concrete pilot with roles, timeline, and a simple measurement plan.
Choose better partners: A quick conversation can reveal whether youโre chasing โcoolโ or chasing alignment (customer overlap + operational fit).
Build a repeatable rhythm: Mentorship is especially useful when you want a sustainable processโweekly outreach, monthly activation, quarterly reviewโwithout overcomplicating it.
FAQ
How many partnerships should I run at once? Start with 2โ3 active pilots. If you canโt reliably follow up, youโre not building a networkโyouโre collecting half-starts.
What if Iโm worried a partner will steal customers? Choose partners with complementary services, not substitutes. Then state expectations plainly: shared benefit, separate businesses.
How do I measure success without overcomplicating it? Track one primary metric (referrals, redemptions, attendees) and one trust signal (repeat mentions, customer feedback, reviews mentioning the collaboration).
When should I walk away? If execution is consistently one-sided, communication stays sloppy, or customers complain about the partnerโs quality, step back quickly and politely.
Conclusion
Local partnerships work best when theyโre treated like small experiments: a clear goal, a simple pilot, and real follow-through. Start tiny, keep roles obvious, and maintain the relationship with lightweight check-ins so it doesnโt depend on โwhenever we have time.โ Over months, the compounding effect is realโcustomers begin to experience you as part of a trusted local network, not just a standalone business.
With the sunrise of 2026, the fields of Data Science and Machine Learning (ML) continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace. Organizations across industries are investing heavily in intelligent systems to drive decision-making, optimize operations, and create competitive advantages. Whether youโre a data professional, business leader, or aspiring technologist, understanding emerging trends is essential for staying relevant and future-ready.
This article highlights the key trends shaping the Data Science and ML landscape in 2026, offers real-world context, and provides actionable directions for preparation.
1. Democratization of AI and ML
In 2026, accessibility to advanced AI and ML tools is accelerating. Platforms like automated ML (AutoML), drag-and-drop model builders, and low-code environments enable non-experts to build and deploy predictive models. This trend reduces barriers to entry for smaller businesses and expands adoption beyond traditional data science teams.
Real-Life Example: A mid-sized retail chain uses AutoML tools to forecast inventory demand across locations without hiring a large data team โ enabling better stock planning during peak seasons.
Preparation Tip: Familiarize yourself with leading AutoML environments (e.g., Google AutoML, H2O.ai) and focus on interpreting model outputs and business implications rather than just building models.
2. Growth of Generative AI and Large Language Models
Generative AI, powered by large language models (LLMs), has transitioned from novelty to enterprise adoption. Use cases in 2026 span automated report writing, code generation, data augmentation, simulation modeling, and real-time decision support.
Real-Life Example: A financial services firm uses LLMs to automate compliance reporting, reducing manual effort and improving accuracy.
Preparation Tip: Learn how to fine-tune and evaluate LLMs safely, and understand ethical implications, especially around bias and data privacy.
3. Responsible AI and Explainability
With greater reliance on automated decision systems, there is heightened scrutiny on ethical AI practices. Explainability โ the ability to interpret model decisions โ is now a compliance and trust requirement. Regulatory frameworks in Europe, the US, and beyond emphasize transparency and accountability.
Real-Life Example: A healthcare provider deploying diagnostic models must provide explainable results to clinicians to justify treatment recommendations.
Preparation Tip: Study explainable AI (XAI) techniques like SHAP, LIME, and counterfactual explanations. Build documentation and model governance practices.
4. Edge AI and Real-Time Analytics
Edge computing โ processing data near the source rather than in centralized cloud servers โ is becoming critical for latency-sensitive applications. Sensors, IoT devices, and autonomous systems use lightweight ML models for real-time decisioning.
Real-Life Example: In smart cities, traffic sensors process vehicle flow data on the edge to optimize signals without cloud round-trips.
Preparation Tip: Gain skills in edge-optimized ML frameworks and learn how to design models that balance performance, size, and energy efficiency.
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5. Data Fabric and Unified Data Infrastructure
Data fabric architectures unify distributed data sources, metadata, and governance. This enables streamlined access, reduces silos, and supports consistent analytics across systems. Modern enterprise architectures adopt these fabrics to accelerate insights and reduce integration friction.
Real-Life Example: A global insurer uses a data fabric to harmonize claims data from multiple regions, improving cross-functional analytics and customer service insights.
Preparation Tip: Understand data mesh vs. data fabric paradigms, and focus on metadata management and data governance strategies.
6. Augmented Analytics and Decision Intelligence
Augmented analytics uses AI and ML to enhance data exploration, pattern detection, and insight generation. Decision intelligence goes further by modeling and recommending actions based on predicted outcomes โ transforming analytics into a decision support discipline.
Real-Life Example: A logistics company uses augmented analytics dashboards to identify bottlenecks and simulate routing scenarios before implementing changes.
Preparation Tip: Learn tools that integrate natural language querying, automated insights, and prescriptive analytics.
7. Sustainability and Ethical Data Practices
Environmental sustainability and ethical data stewardship are now core priorities. Data centers, model training, and compute-intensive processes are evaluated for carbon footprints. Ethical considerations also extend to data privacy, algorithmic fairness, and community impacts.
Real-Life Example: An energy provider uses ML to optimize grid load and reduce emissions, aligning analytics with sustainability goals.
Preparation Tip: Familiarize yourself with sustainable AI practices and frameworks for ethical data handling.
Conclusion: Preparing for 2026
As Data Science and Machine Learning continue to mature, professionals must balance technical expertise with ethical judgment and domain understanding. Staying current with emerging tools, embracing multidisciplinary collaboration, and focusing on real-world impact will differentiate successful practitioners in 2026 and beyond. Whether you are building next-generation models or guiding organizational strategy, a future-focused mindset is essential.
Introduction: The Uncomfortable Question No One Wants to Ask
At some point in every professionalโs journey, especially in technology and technical fields, a quiet doubt begins to form. You send applications, polish your portfolio, rewrite your CV again and again, and stillโnothing. No callbacks. No meaningful feedback. Just silence. The instinctive reaction is to blame the market, the economy, AI, or even nepotism. And while those factors exist, the uncomfortable truth is often closer to home. The hiring world has changed faster than most professionals are willing to admit, and many capable individuals are still operating with outdated assumptions about what โbeing qualifiedโ actually means today.
The Skills You Learned Are Not the Skills Companies Pay For Anymore
In technical and technological jobs, knowledge expires faster than ever. A skill that was premium three years ago may now be baselineโor worse, obsolete. Many candidates still rely on certificates, degrees, or frameworks that once guaranteed employment, without realizing that employers now evaluate adaptability more than static expertise.
Modern companies are no longer impressed by long lists of tools. They want evidence of problem-solving under uncertainty. They want engineers who can think in systems, designers who understand business logic, and analysts who can translate data into decisions. Knowing how something works matters less than knowing why it matters and how it creates value.
The harsh reality is that many candidates are technically trained but strategically empty.
Youโre Competing With People Who Think Like Businesses
One of the most misunderstood shifts in hiring is that companies no longer hire โemployees.โ They hire micro-businesses. Each candidate is evaluated as a unit of ROI. What value do you generate? How fast can you adapt? How much supervision do you need?
Candidates who still think in terms of job descriptions lose to those who think in terms of outcomes. A developer who says, โI build websitesโ competes poorly against one who says, โI help companies increase conversions and reduce bounce rates through performance-driven design.โ The second person speaks the language of impact, not tasks.
Hiring managers are overwhelmed. They donโt want potential; they want leverage.
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Technology Is No Longer the Differentiator โ Thinking Is
Ironically, in a world obsessed with technology, technology itself has become cheap. AI can write code, design layouts, and automate workflows. What cannot be automated easily is judgment, context awareness, and decision-making under ambiguity.
Employers are quietly shifting toward professionals who can collaborate with AI rather than compete against it. Those who fear automation often try to defend their relevance by clinging to tools. Those who thrive learn to orchestrate systems, validate outputs, and make strategic calls.
If your value is defined only by execution, you are replaceable. If your value lies in interpretation, synthesis, and direction, you become essential.
Your Online Presence Is Probably Hurting You
In technical fields, your digital footprint is now part of the hiring process whether you like it or not. Recruiters look at GitHub, LinkedIn, portfolios, and even how you explain your work publicly. Silence is interpreted as stagnation.
Many capable professionals make the mistake of waiting until they are โperfectโ before sharing insights or projects. Meanwhile, others with half the experience dominate visibility simply because they document their thinking. Employers donโt expect perfectionโthey look for clarity, consistency, and learning velocity.
If your online presence does not tell a coherent story about who you are and how you think, you are invisible.
The Hidden Skill: Communication in a Technical World
Technical excellence without communication is invisible labor. Modern teams are cross-functional, remote, and fast-moving. Being able to explain complex ideas simply is no longer optionalโit is a core technical skill.
Hiring managers increasingly reject candidates who โknow everythingโ but cannot articulate trade-offs, justify decisions, or collaborate without friction. Clear communication is now a productivity multiplier, not a soft skill.
Those who master it accelerate. Those who ignore it stagnate.
Conclusion: The Market Is Not Broken โ Itโs Evolved
The uncomfortable truth is that the job market is not unfair; it is unforgiving to stagnation. Technical roles now demand strategic thinking, adaptability, and visible value creation. The people getting hired are not necessarily smarterโthey are more aligned0020with how modern organizations actually function.
If you feel invisible, it may not be because you lack talent, but because your professional narrative no longer matches reality. The moment you stop asking โWhy wonโt they hire me?โ and start asking โWhat problem do I solve today?โ everything changes.
The market is listening. You just need to learn how to speak its language.
Most developers believe that meaningful income only comes from large startups, funded products, or years of continuous development. My experience contradicted that belief entirely. One quiet weekend, driven by a very practical problem I personally faced, I built a small Python tool with no business plan, no marketing strategy, and no expectation of profit. A few weeks later, that same tool was covering my rent consistently. Not because it was complex or revolutionary, but because it solved a painful, specific problem better than existing alternatives. This article is not a motivational fantasy. It is a technical and practical breakdown of how a modest Python tool became a sustainable income stream, and why this approach works far more often than people think.
The Problem That Sparked the Idea
The idea did not come from market research or trend analysis. It came from frustration. I was repeatedly performing the same manual task related to data processing and reporting, involving messy CSV files, inconsistent column naming, and repetitive transformations before analysis. Existing tools were either bloated, expensive, or required configuration overhead that exceeded the task itself. What I needed was speed, predictability, and automation, not a full platform. That gap between โtoo simpleโ and โtoo complexโ is where many profitable tools are born. When you feel friction in your own workflow, you are often standing directly on a monetizable idea.
Building the Tool in One Weekend
The first rule I followed was ruthless simplicity. I scoped the project to do one thing exceptionally well. The tool ingested raw CSV or Excel files, applied predefined cleaning rules, validated schema consistency, and output ready-to-use datasets along with a concise quality report. Python was the obvious choice due to its ecosystem, readability, and distribution flexibility. I relied on familiar libraries such as pandas for data manipulation and argparse for a clean command-line interface. There was no UI, no cloud deployment, and no database. The entire tool lived as a local executable script, designed to fit naturally into existing workflows.
Below is a simplified excerpt that captures the spirit of the core logic, not the full implementation.
This kind of code is not impressive on its own, and that is precisely the point. The value was not in clever algorithms, but in removing repeated mental and operational effort from a real process.
Turning the Tool Into a Product
The transition from script to product was mostly about packaging and positioning. I documented the tool clearly, added sensible defaults, error messages that spoke like a human, and a dry-run mode for safety. Then I uploaded it to a small niche marketplace where professionals already paid for productivity tools. I priced it modestly, intentionally low enough to be an impulse purchase, but high enough to signal professional value. There was no freemium tier, only a clear promise: save time immediately or do not buy.
What surprised me was not the first sale, but the lack of support requests afterward. When a tool does one thing well, users understand it instinctively. That clarity reduces friction, refunds, and maintenance costs.
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Why People Were Willing to Pay
People do not pay for code. They pay for outcomes. This tool saved users hours every week, reduced errors in downstream analysis, and eliminated a task they actively disliked. For freelancers, analysts, and small teams, time reclaimed translates directly into money earned or stress avoided. Additionally, the tool respected their environment. It did not force cloud uploads, subscriptions, or accounts. It simply worked where they already worked. That respect for the userโs workflow created trust, and trust converts far better than features.
Scaling Without Growing Complexity
As adoption increased, I resisted the temptation to expand features aggressively. Instead, I improved reliability, edge-case handling, and documentation. Minor enhancements were driven exclusively by real user feedback, not assumptions. Income grew not through virality, but through consistency. A small but steady stream of new users, combined with near-zero churn, was enough to reach the point where monthly revenue reliably covered rent. Importantly, maintenance time remained low, preserving the original advantage of the project.
Lessons Learned From the Experience
This project reinforced a counterintuitive truth. You do not need to build big to earn well. You need to build precisely. Tools that sit quietly inside professional workflows can outperform flashy applications if they remove friction at exactly the right point. Python, in this context, is not just a programming language. It is a leverage multiplier, enabling individuals to compete with teams by standing on mature libraries and simple distribution models.
Conclusion
The Python tool I built in a single weekend did not succeed because it was innovative or technically complex. It succeeded because it was honest, focused, and useful. It respected the userโs time, solved a real problem, and stayed out of the way. If you are a developer looking for sustainable income, do not start by asking what is trendy. Start by asking what annoys you enough that you would gladly pay to never deal with it again. Build that. Polish it. Ship it. Sometimes, that is all it takes to change your financial reality.
I realized something was wrong the moment a private phrasing I only used inside ChatGPT appeared in a Google result preview. It was subtle, almost unbelievable, yet unmistakable. My ChatGPT history was not โleakedโ in the dramatic sense, but it had become publicly accessible through a shared link that search engines could index. This is not a hypothetical risk, and it does not require hacking or a data breach. It happens quietly, through default sharing behaviors, cached pages, and a misunderstanding of what โshareโ actually means in AI tools. What follows is exactly what I did to contain the situation in under ten minutes, explained clearly so you can do the same before it becomes a real problem.
How ChatGPT Conversations Become Public Without You Noticing
ChatGPT does not randomly publish your conversations, but it allows you to generate shareable links. Those links are designed for collaboration, demos, or support, yet once they exist, they behave like any other public URL. If you post one in a public space, send it to someone who reposts it, or even leave it accessible long enough, search engines can crawl it. The danger is not malice; it is inertia. Google indexes what it can reach. If a shared chat link does not explicitly block indexing, it can surface in search results, sometimes with enough context to identify the author, the topic, or sensitive details embedded in the text.
What makes this especially risky is that many users treat AI chats as semi-private notebooks. We brainstorm business ideas, draft contracts, analyze data, and sometimes paste internal content. When those conversations gain a public URL, the boundary between private thinking and public publishing collapses instantly.
The Moment I Confirmed the Problem Was Real
I did not panic; I verified. I copied a unique sentence from the chat and searched it in an incognito browser. The result appeared. Not prominently, but enough to confirm indexing had already begun. This step matters because it tells you whether you are dealing with a theoretical risk or an active exposure. Once confirmed, speed becomes more important than perfection. Search engines move slowly to forget, but they index quickly.
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The 10-Minute Fix That Actually Works
The first thing I did was revoke access at the source. Inside ChatGPT, I navigated to my conversation history and identified any chats that had sharing enabled. I disabled sharing immediately. This alone cuts off future access, but it does not erase what search engines already cached.
Next, I deleted the affected conversations entirely. This is uncomfortable if the content matters to you, but deletion ensures the source URL returns nothing. From a search engineโs perspective, a dead page is the strongest signal to drop an index.
Then I moved to Googleโs removal workflow. I submitted a request to remove outdated content by pasting the exact URL of the shared chat. This does not require proof of ownership in this case; it relies on the page no longer existing. Within minutes, the status showed as โPending,โ which is enough to stop further spread while Google processes the request.
To prevent recurrence, I audited my account settings. I turned off chat history where appropriate and made a personal rule never to generate share links for conversations containing drafts, credentials, client data, or internal reasoning. Finally, I ran a quick search for my name and common phrases I use, just to ensure no other artifacts were floating around.
All of this took less than ten minutes because the goal was containment, not perfection.
What This Incident Taught Me About AI Privacy
The core lesson is that AI tools behave like publishing platforms the moment a URL exists. The mental model most users have, that chats are ephemeral and private by default, is outdated. If you are a founder, consultant, analyst, or creator, your prompts are intellectual property. Treat them with the same care you would treat a Google Doc or a Notion page. Convenience features are not privacy features, and silence from a tool does not mean safety.
This is especially relevant for professionals who use ChatGPT to refine positioning, pricing, legal language, or strategy. A single indexed conversation can expose thinking that was never meant to leave the room.
Practical Safeguards I Use Going Forward
I now assume every shareable surface can become public. I separate exploratory thinking from sensitive work, avoid pasting raw data unless necessary, and periodically review my chat history the same way I review cloud storage permissions. This mindset shift matters more than any single setting, because tools change faster than policies, and habits are your real defense.
Conclusion
If your ChatGPT history ever appears on Google, it is not the end of the world, but it is a clear signal to act immediately. Disable sharing, delete the source, request removal, and tighten your defaults. Ten focused minutes are enough to stop the spread if you move quickly. The real value of this experience is not the fix itself, but the awareness it creates. AI is powerful, but only if you stay in control of where your thinking lives and who can see it.
If you found this useful, share your experience or questions. The more openly we discuss these edge cases, the safer we all become.
When a customer reaches out with a question โ โWhereโs my order?โ or โCan you update my subscription?โ โ the speed and accuracy of your response can make or break their loyalty. For small businesses, efficient data management isnโt just an operational nice-to-have; itโs the difference between repeat buyers and one-time visitors.
TL;DR
Effective data management enables your team to locate the right information faster, respond to customers more promptly, and reduce errors. Organize, secure, and unify your customer data to boost satisfaction and loyalty โ and protect your reputation.
The Customer Chaos Problem
Every small business eventually hits this wall:
Customer details live in five different spreadsheets.
Sales records donโt match inventory.
Email systems and CRM tools donโt talk to each other.
When data gets messy, response times slow down. Customers notice. And once trust erodes, itโs hard to rebuild.
How to Streamline Your Customer Data
Centralize everything โ use one hub to connect sales, support, and inventory data.
Automate updates โ sync tools like HubSpot or Zoho CRM for real-time records.
Establish access levels โ protect sensitive data with user roles.
Set review routines โ audit your data monthly for duplicates or errors.
Document workflows โ keep a simple record of where each dataset lives.
Data Management in Action
Letโs visualize how smart data handling improves customer service outcomes:
Step
Example
Result
Collect
Integrate customer purchase history
Support team sees order details instantly
Organize
Tag data by customer stage
Personalized responses at every touchpoint
Secure
Encrypt stored info
Builds customer trust
Analyze
Spot repeat issues
Prevents future complaints
Share
Team dashboards
Collaboration without chaos
Strong Foundations with Data Governance
Behind every efficient service operation lies responsible data governance โ the discipline that keeps information accurate, protected, and organized. When businesses embed governance into daily systems and workflows, data becomes a growth engine. Without it, small companies risk security gaps, compliance missteps, and unnecessary inefficiencies that frustrate customers and staff alike.
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FAQs
Q1: Isnโt this just for large enterprises? No โ small businesses benefit even more because they rely on agility. Good data practices let you compete with bigger players.
Q2: What tools are affordable for small teams? Look atTrello,Airtable, orClickUp for simple, scalable management.
Q3: How often should I back up my customer data? Weekly at minimum, daily for businesses with frequent transactions.
Q4: Whatโs the first step if my data is a mess? Start by cleaning one dataset โ your customer list. Merge duplicates and fill in missing fields.
Pro Tip: Spotlight โ Microsoft Power BI
If youโre tracking customer trends,Microsoft Power BI can turn raw sales or feedback data into clear visuals that reveal hidden service patterns. A few hours of setup can pay off in months of insight.
Simple Checklist: Is Your Data Helping or Hurting?
โ Can you find any customerโs info in under a minute? โ Is your data stored securely and backed up regularly? โ Do your systems sync automatically across departments? โ Are you tracking customer feedback trends? โ Have you trained your staff on privacy best practices?
If you canโt check all five, your data might be slowing you down.
Glossary
CRM (Customer Relationship Management): Software that stores and tracks customer interactions.
Data Governance: Policies ensuring data is accurate, secure, and properly used.
Centralization: Combining data from different tools into one location.
Encryption: A method of protecting data by converting it into unreadable code.
Workflow: The series of tasks that complete a process or service cycle.
Bonus: Resource Roundup for Small Businesses
Google Workspace โ unified tools for communication and file management.
Tableau โ data visualization for customer insights.
Conclusion
Efficient data management doesnโt just save time โ it builds relationships. For small businesses, that means every second counts. Organize your data, protect it, and let your team work faster and smarter. Customers will feel it โ and theyโll keep coming back.
In the modern data-driven landscape, the true challenge facing data scientists is no longer how to store, process, or model informationโtechnology already achieves that at scale. The real challenge is understanding the human forces behind the data. Data itself, no matter how large or beautifully structured, is silent until someone interprets the incentives, decisions, and constraints that shape it. This is exactly where the economistโs mindset becomes indispensable. Economists spend their careers studying why people behave the way they do, how choices are shaped under scarcity, how incentives influence actions, and how systems evolve over time. When a data scientist adopts this mode of thinking, analysis becomes more than prediction; it becomes insight. And insight is what drives strategic, meaningful decisions in the real world.
Understanding Human Behavior Beyond Patterns
Data science often revolves around identifying patternsโdetecting churn, forecasting demand, predicting risk. But patterns alone cannot explain the deeper question: Why do people behave this way in the first place? Economists approach behavior through the lens of preferences, constraints, motivations, and expectations. They understand that every individual acts under a unique combination of incentives and limitations. When a data scientist incorporates this style of thinking, the data stops looking like static snapshots and begins to resemble a living story about human behavior. Instead of treating anomalies as numerical errors, the data scientist begins to explore the psychological and economic factors that might produce such deviations. This transforms the analysis into something more sophisticated, more realistic, and far more useful.
A Shift from Correlation to Causation
One of the most critical contributions of economics to data science is the relentless pursuit of causality. While machine learning models can uncover powerful correlations, economists dig deeper to identify what actually drives outcomes. This mindset protects data scientists from misinterpreting relationships that appear significant in the data but hold little meaning in reality. When economic reasoning guides an analysis, the data scientist becomes more critical, more skeptical, and more aware of potential confounders. Instead of taking patterns at face value, they explore the mechanisms that produce those patterns. This often leads to solutions that are more stable, more strategic, and more aligned with how people and systems truly operate.
Trade-Offs and the Discipline of Decision-Making
Economists think in trade-offs because every meaningful decisionโwhether made by a company or a customerโinvolves sacrificing one benefit to gain another. Data scientists who internalize this idea approach their work with greater strategic clarity. They stop chasing โperfectโ accuracy and start understanding the cost of every improvement. A model that is slightly more accurate but significantly more expensive or harder to maintain may not be worth it. A prediction that requires invasive data collection may reduce user trust. A product change that improves engagement may create hidden frictions elsewhere. This trade-off mentality introduces a level of maturity that purely technical thinking often overlooks. It aligns the data scientistโs work with real-world decision-making, where constraints are ever-present and resources are never infinite.
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Seeing Interconnected Systems Rather Than Isolated Numbers
Economics teaches that individuals, markets, and institutions are interconnected systems, not isolated units. Data scientists who adopt this worldview begin analyzing problems within broader contexts. They recognize how a change in one part of a system creates ripple effects in others. This systems-level thinking is invaluable when working on marketplace platforms, recommendation systems, pricing engines, supply chain forecasting, and any domain where multiple agents interact dynamically. Instead of building static models that assume the world remains unchanged, the economist-minded data scientist anticipates how people and systems will adapt. This ability to foresee second-order effects dramatically strengthens the relevance and longevity of analytical solutions.
Building Models That Reflect Real Human Behavior
Machine learning often imposes mathematical convenience on problems that are fundamentally human. Economic reasoning helps restore balance by grounding models in real behavioral principles: people maximize utility, respond to incentives, suffer from biases, act under uncertainty, and adapt to changing environments. By incorporating economic conceptsโutility theory, behavioral economics, information asymmetry, game theoryโdata scientists build models that behave more reliably in real markets and real decisions. The result is not only more accurate predictions but also more interpretable and defensible models. They better capture how customers evaluate options, how employees react to policy changes, and how users respond to pricing or recommendations. In short, models become more realistic because they reflect the complexity of human nature rather than the simplicity of mathematical assumptions.
Communicating Insights with Clarity and Strategic Impact
Economists excel at distilling complex realities into clear, actionable insights. Their communication style emphasizes the โwhyโ behind behaviors, the โbecauseโ behind decisions, and the โwhat ifโ behind each strategic scenario. When data scientists adopt this communication style, their influence multiplies. Instead of presenting outputs and metrics, they articulate stories about behavior, incentives, and strategic outcomes. Leaders respond not to predictions alone, but to interpretations that reveal risks, opportunities, and trade-offs. The data scientist who communicates with economic clarity becomes a strategist, not just a technicianโsomeone whose insights shape policy, guide product development, and influence high-level decisions.
Embracing Uncertainty as a Natural Part of Decision-Making
Economics is built on the reality that uncertainty can never be eliminated, only understood and managed. Markets shift, people change, shocks occur, and expectations evolve. When data scientists adopt an economic approach to uncertainty, they stop fearing it and start analyzing it. They use concepts like expected utility, rational expectations, marginal decision-making, and risk tolerance to frame uncertainty in a structured, understandable way. This leads to more resilient models, more thoughtful forecasts, and a healthier relationship between confidence and doubt. The result is analytical work that does not pretend to be perfect but is intentionally designed to hold up under the unpredictability of real-world environments.
Conclusion
To think like an economist is to elevate data science into a discipline that understands the invisible forces driving human decisions. It adds depth, clarity, and realism to the technical power of models and algorithms. When data scientists learn to interpret incentives, anticipate trade-offs, appreciate systemic interactions, and communicate uncertainty with confidence, they move far beyond the limits of traditional analytics. They become advisors, strategists, and decision-shapers. In a world overflowing with data but starved for meaning, the data scientist who embraces economic thinking becomes uniquely equipped to make sense of complexity. They do more than predict the futureโthey understand the pressures that create it.
YouTubeโs 2025 AI policy arrived like a sudden earthquake shaking creators across every niche from education to gaming to faceless channels. Many creators feared demonetization content removal or a complete reset for their channels. Yet the truth is more strategic and far more exciting. The updates are strict but they also open an entirely new era where creativity transparency and storytelling matter more than ever. If you understand how the new rules work and adapt early your channel can grow faster than channels that ignore or resist these changes.
This article walks you through every major YouTube AI rule for 2025 in a narrative practical way and gives you a step by step roadmap to not only survive but grow stronger in this new environment.
YouTubeโs 2025 AI Policy What Actually Changed
1. Mandatory Disclosure for AI Content
YouTube now requires creators to clearly label:
AI generated voices
AI generated humans or faces
AI generated environments
Deepfakes
Scripted content fully produced with AI
Any reconstructed or โsyntheticโ scenes
This is no longer optional. If you avoid disclosure YouTube may:
Reduce reach
Remove your video
Give channel warnings
Disable monetization
However disclosure does not harm your reach if you do it correctly. In fact transparency boosts trust and that leads to more watch time.
2. Stricter Rules on Human Representation
YouTube now protects real individuals from being impersonated. You cannot:
Use AI to recreate a celebrity voice without labeling
Create fake statements through synthetic actors
Make AI avatars that look like real people without permission
Creators using avatars must now clarify whether the character is:
AI generated
A fictional representation
A digital character voiced by the creator
This rule protects viewers but also pushes creators toward stronger storytelling and clearer branding.
3. New Copyright Expectations
AI generated content must still respect copyrights. For example you cannot:
Train a model on copyrighted songs and reuse outputs
Recreate a movie soundtrack with AI
Generate landscapes or scenes based on protected films
YouTubeโs new detector can now spot these patterns even if the video is entirely AI created. The platform will automatically restrict monetization when the risk is high.
How Smart Creators Can Win Under the 2025 Rules
The creators who grow fastest in 2025 will be those who do not fight the new guidelines but instead build content strategies around them. Here is how.
1. Use AI for Brainstorming Not Final Output
Creators who rely on fully AI generated videos will struggle with identity viewer loyalty and monetization consistency. Instead use AI tools for:
Script ideas
Content outlines
Video structures
Research summaries
Visual concepts
But add your own voice camera presence or commentary on top. Even faceless channels can do this by keeping a human layer such as:
Personal narration
Real world examples
Your own storytelling
Your own editing style
This hybrid model will dominate in 2025.
2. Build Your Signature Voice or Format
YouTube is now rewarding originality more than production value. Your competitive advantage is not AI visual quality but your unique:
Tone
Style
Pacing
Humor
Insight
Storytelling pattern
Even faceless creators can have a recognizable personality through writing and voice delivery.
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3. Use AI Tools to Speed Up Production Without Triggering the Policy
Here is what is still completely safe:
AI editing assistants
AI thumbnail enhancement
AI noise removal
AI translation
AI captioning
AI B-roll for nonhuman scenes
AI color grading
None of these require disclosure because they modify your original work instead of replacing it.
This is where creators will explode in productivity in 2025.
4. Be Very Clear with Disclosure Without Ruining the Viewer Experience
The biggest fear creators have is that disclosure will make their content feel cheap. Here is a simple formula to avoid that:
Place the AI disclosure at the very end of the description or in a small line at the start of the video.
Examples:
โSome visual elements in this video were created using AI tools.โ
โVoice assistance provided by AI narration software.โ
โPortions of this scene contain AI generated environments.โ
Short clean and professional.
5. Lean Into Formats YouTube Loves in 2025
YouTubeโs algorithm in 2025 is pushing:
Tutorials
Mini documentaries
Short storytelling videos
Explainer style videos
Personal commentary
Reaction and analysis
Gaming with deep narrative
Real world skill-based content
Creators who mix human insight with AI efficiency will dominate these niches.
A Real Life Example: How I Started Generating Deep Features Automatically
At the beginning of 2025 I was experimenting with creating dozens of short educational videos every week. Manually scripting each one was painful and slow. So I built a personal workflow that uses AI tools to generate deep structured features for each topic automatically. These features included narrative flow key talking points supporting metaphors contextual examples and alternative phrasings.
Instead of giving me a finished script the model gave me a rich multi layer map. From that map I could quickly build a human sounding professional script with my own style. This approach made my videos more detailed and more coherent while still remaining authentic and fully compliant with YouTubeโs policy. AI became my assistant not my replacement.
Conclusion
2025 is not the year AI content dies on YouTube. It is the year lazy AI content dies and meaningful creator led content wins. If you embrace transparency originality and hybrid creation your channel will grow faster than ever before. The creators who succeed in this new era are not the ones who fight the rules. They are the ones who evolve before everyone else does.
A powerful shift is taking place inside the world of data science. The transformation is not driven only by larger datasets or stronger algorithms but by a fundamental change in the process that shapes every machine learning model: feature engineering. With the arrival of automated feature engineering powered by artificial intelligence, data teams now craft deep, meaningful features at speeds previously unimaginable. Performance increases, workflows accelerate, and the discovery of hidden patterns becomes vastly more accessible.
The Core Importance of Feature Engineering
Feature engineering has always been the heart of machine learning. The quality of the features determines how deeply a model can understand the patterns inside the data. For years, analysts relied on domain knowledge, logical reasoning, and experimentation to build transformations manually. While effective, manual feature engineering is slow and limited by human intuition. As data grows more complex, the need for a scalable, intelligent solution becomes undeniable.
How AI Transforms Feature Engineering
Artificial intelligence automates the creation, transformation, and selection of features using techniques such as deep feature synthesis, automated encodings, interaction discovery, and optimization algorithms capable of exploring massive feature spaces. Instead of days of manual work, AI generates hundreds or thousands of sophisticated features in minutes. This automation provides creativity beyond human possibility and uncovers deeper relationships hidden in the data.
A Glimpse Into How I Started Generating Deep Features Automatically
My journey with automated deep feature generation began when I was working on a dataset filled with layered relationships that manual engineering simply could not capture efficiently. I found myself repeating the same transformations and exploring combinations that consumed endless hours. That experience pushed me to experiment with automated tools, especially Featuretools and early AutoML platforms. Watching an engine build layered, multi-level deep features in minutesโmany of which were more powerful than what I had manually producedโchanged everything. From that moment, automation became an essential part of every project I handled, turning the machine into a creative partner that explores the full depth of the data.
Diagram: How Automated Feature Engineering Fits Into the Workflow
This diagram gives readers a clear mental model of where automation sits in the pipeline.
Code Example: Deep Feature Synthesis in Python
Below is a simple but clear example that demonstrates how automated feature engineering works using the Featuretools library.
This snippet creates automatic aggregated features such as:
total purchase amount
average order value
number of orders
time based transformations
All generated in seconds.
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The Real Advantages of Automated Feature Engineering
Automated feature engineering accelerates development time, expands analytical creativity, and enhances the quality of machine learning models. It lifts the burden of repetitive transformations, improves interpretability, and empowers smaller teams to achieve expert-level results. The model accuracy improvements can be dramatic because the system explores combinations far beyond human capacity.
Real Life Example From Practice
Consider a retail company preparing a churn prediction model. Manual engineering reveals basic insights such as purchase frequency, product preferences, and loyalty activity. Automated feature engineering uncovers deeper dimensions like seasonal patterns, rolling window behaviors, discount sensitivity, and previously unseen interactions between product groups. These discoveries reshape the model entirely and significantly boost predictive power.
How Automated Feature Engineering Fits Into Modern Workflows
Within modern pipelines, automated feature engineering sits between data preparation and model training. It reduces iteration loops, simplifies experimentation, and stabilizes performance. When integrated with cloud based AutoML systems, the process becomes almost fully end-to-end, allowing teams to move directly from raw data to validated predictions with minimal friction.
The Future of Automated Feature Engineering
Future systems will understand human input more naturally, interpret business context, and generate features aligned with specific industry logic rather than generic transformations. AI will evolve into an intelligent assistant that learns from project preferences and produces domain-aware feature engineering strategies. This shift will further elevate the speed and quality of predictive analytics.
Conclusion
Automated feature engineering marks a major milestone in the evolution of machine learning. It empowers teams to discover patterns hidden deep within their data, boosts the performance of predictive models, and removes the limits of traditional manual processes. By embracing automation, data professionals free themselves to focus on strategic insights, creative exploration, and impactful decision making.
Modern warehouses arenโt just storage centers โ theyโre the heartbeat of efficient, scalable, and resilient supply chains. Yet many organizations still run on outdated systems that rely heavily on manual tracking, reactive maintenance, and fragmented data. The smartest investments today focus on technology, software, and organizational innovation that align teams, automate processes, and increase safety and ROI.
TL;DR
To boost warehouse performance, businesses should invest in:
Smart logistics systems that connect assets and workflows in real time
Data-driven platforms for forecasting and resource allocation
Robotics, automation, and safety-first design
Training and workflow standardization that support operational excellence
These upgrades improve speed, safety, and accuracy โ and ultimately deliver higher profitability.
Why Modern Warehouses Need Smarter Investment
The logistics landscape has changed. Warehouses now must handle:
Higher SKU diversity
Shorter delivery windows
Real-time visibility expectations
Old models canโt keep up. The result is costly downtime, wasted space, and avoidable errors. Companies investing in integrated, intelligent warehouse systems are outperforming competitors on both productivity and cost control.
Data-driven insights are reshaping how warehouses operate โ shifting them from reactive problem-solving to proactive, strategic decision-making. When leaders can see patterns in their operations through clear, connected data, they can anticipate demand shifts, prevent stockouts, and allocate resources more efficiently. With real-time analytics, warehouses evolve from chasing yesterdayโs issues to planning for tomorrowโs performance.
Data World supports this transformation by providing analytics consulting and business-intelligence services that help teams optimize inventory levels, forecast demand with greater precision, and streamline logistics workflows. The result is a smarter, more agile warehouse network that operates with confidence and clarity at every level of the supply chain.
These systems allow leaders to track KPIs continuously and respond to operational changes immediately.
3. Data-Driven Decision Systems
Turning warehouse data into actionable intelligence is a competitive differentiator. By leveraging analytics tools likeTableau orPower BI, managers can forecast demand, detect inefficiencies, and plan smarter.
Data-driven visibility turns warehouse management from a reactive function into a strategic growth driver.
4. Edge-Enabled Logistics Infrastructure
Investing in smart logistics technologies โ such as real-time data systems and edge computing โ allows companies to track assets and automate decisions closer to the action. Edge systems reduce latency, increase accuracy, and enable predictive maintenance.
Theimpact of smart logistics edge computing lies in combining local processing with industrial resilience โ delivering exceptional performance in tough environments like high-bay warehouses and multi-node distribution networks.
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5. Safety & Ergonomics That Pay Back Fast
Safer work is faster work. Start with ergonomic lifts, better workstation heights, and simple traffic rules for forklifts and AMRs. Add wearable safety tech that nudges better movement and flags risky lifts before they become injuries. A practical option isStrongArmโs FUSE wearables, which help teams reduce strain and coach safer techniques on the floor. Pair that with quick-hit fixesโanti-fatigue mats, lighter totes, and clear pick labelingโand youโll cut lost-time incidents while keeping throughput steady.
6. Training and Organizational Design
Technology alone isnโt enough. Workforce alignment โ through clear SOPs, data literacy, and performance incentives โ amplifies every other investment. Platforms likeUdemy Business help train teams to operate advanced systems effectively.
How to Get Started: A Step-by-Step Guide
Step
Focus Area
Key Action
Expected Result
1
Assess Operations
Conduct a warehouse audit
Identify performance bottlenecks
2
Prioritize Upgrades
Rank investments by ROI and risk reduction
Maximize budget impact
3
Deploy Smart Tech
Implement automation, sensors, and WMS
Improve efficiency and data flow
4
Integrate Data Systems
Link analytics with real-time operations
Enable predictive insights
5
Train & Monitor
Build continuous improvement teams
Sustain long-term gains
Investment Readiness Checklist
Before investing, confirm that your organization:
Has reliable Wi-Fi and edge-capable hardware
Uses standardized data across departments
Has leadership buy-in for cross-functional integration
Tracks warehouse KPIs regularly
Maintains an active safety and training program
Product Spotlight: Blue Yonder Warehouse Management
If you need end-to-end control across inventory, labor, and automation,Blue Yonder Warehouse Management is a strong contender. It unifies slotting, tasking, and real-time execution so managers can orchestrate work across people and machines, spot bottlenecks early, and keep orders flowing. Many teams use it to standardize processes across multiple sites, improve pick accuracy, and shorten cycle times without ripping out existing equipment.
FAQ
Q: What is the best starting point for digital transformation in warehousing? Begin with data visibility โ implement a WMS and integrate it with analytics platforms before adding automation.
Q: Are robotics solutions viable for small or mid-sized warehouses? Yes. Modular automation systems now scale affordably, and many robotics vendors offer subscription-based pricing.
Q: How long does it take to see ROI from warehouse tech upgrades? Most businesses report measurable gains in 6โ12 months, especially from automation and analytics integration.
Warehouses are no longer static back-end facilities โ theyโre dynamic intelligence hubs that can make or break customer experience. The most successful operators invest in automation, real-time visibility, and workforce empowerment. By prioritizing these areas, businesses not only increase efficiency and safety but also future-proof their operations for the next era of logistics.
Geospatial data is no longer limited to maps and traditional GIS systems. Today, Python provides a bridge connecting GIS expertise with the power of data science. Professionals who understand spatial data and can manipulate it programmatically are in high demand. The path from GIS to data science requires not just learning new Python libraries, but also understanding spatial thinking, analytics, and automation.
This article presents nine essential books that will strengthen your Python geospatial skills and guide you in becoming a full-fledged GIS data scientist. Each book is carefully selected to cover theory, practical exercises, automation, and advanced spatial analysis, giving you a clear roadmap to excel in GIS with Python.
1. Python Geospatial Analysis Cookbook by Michael Diener
This book is perfect for practitioners looking for a hands-on approach. It offers a variety of practical recipes that cover data formats, shapefiles, raster data, coordinate reference systems, and common spatial operations. Each chapter focuses on solving real-world GIS problems while teaching Python techniques. You will learn how to read, process, and analyze spatial datasets, automate repetitive tasks, and visualize results using popular libraries like Geopandas and Matplotlib. The step-by-step approach allows GIS analysts transitioning from desktop software to gain confidence in coding efficiently while seeing immediate results. This makes it an ideal starting point for anyone wanting to build a strong foundation in Python geospatial analysis.
2. Learning Geospatial Analysis with Python by Joel Lawhead
This book is a comprehensive guide for beginners and intermediate GIS professionals. It starts by explaining the basic principles of Geographic Information Systems, including projections, coordinate systems, and spatial data types. Then, it introduces Python programming for spatial analysis. You will explore automation of GIS tasks using libraries like Geopandas, Rasterio, Shapely, and Fiona. The book provides exercises to manipulate vector and raster datasets, perform spatial joins, and create maps programmatically. The clear connection between GIS theory and Python implementation helps build a solid understanding for anyone aiming to automate GIS workflows and prepare for data science applications in spatial contexts.
3. Mastering Geospatial Analysis with Python by Silas Toms and Paul Crickard
This advanced book is for those who already understand the basics of Python GIS. It delves into network analysis, spatial databases, and the development of web-based geospatial applications using Flask and Leaflet. You will learn to integrate Python scripts with PostGIS databases, perform advanced spatial queries, and develop interactive spatial dashboards. The book emphasizes combining Python programming skills with GIS knowledge to tackle complex problems in transportation, urban planning, and environmental modeling. It encourages readers to think like spatial data scientists, moving from simple map creation to data-driven decision making using Python as the main tool.
4. Geoprocessing with Python by Chris Garrard
Focused on automation, this book shows how to streamline GIS workflows both inside traditional desktop GIS environments and in open-source Python ecosystems. It explains ARCPY, OGR, Shapely, and Fiona in depth, teaching readers to automate repetitive tasks like geocoding, spatial joins, and map production. You will gain practical skills for cleaning and transforming large spatial datasets, preparing them for analysis or visualization. It is particularly useful for GIS professionals who want to reduce manual work and integrate Python into everyday GIS operations, saving time and increasing accuracy in projects.
5. Python for Geospatial Data Analysis by Bonny P McClain
This book combines spatial statistics with data science thinking. It moves beyond map creation to predictive modeling and data-driven insights using libraries like Pandas, Scikit Learn, and Geopandas. You will learn to calculate spatial autocorrelation, perform clustering and regression on geospatial datasets, and integrate spatial variables into machine learning models. It is ideal for GIS analysts who want to apply analytical methods to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships in spatial data, making it relevant for urban planning, environmental studies, and business analytics projects where Python provides an edge in processing and analysis.
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6. Automating GIS Processes by Henrikki Tenkanen and Vuokko Heikinheimo
Developed by university researchers, this open textbook is freely accessible and teaches automated workflows in GIS using Python. It covers reading, writing, and visualizing spatial data, performing basic and advanced analysis, and writing reusable scripts for reproducible research. You will learn best practices for structuring code, managing projects, and documenting workflows, which is essential for GIS professionals entering the data science world.
7. Geospatial Data Science with Python by Bonny P McClain
This newer release expands on her previous work by introducing advanced techniques like geocoding, clustering, and spatial machine learning. It brings together theory and applied projects that resemble real data science pipelines, making it an excellent progression once you have mastered the basics. You will learn to perform spatial clustering to detect hotspots, apply machine learning models to geospatial data, and integrate Python visualization tools to create interactive and informative maps. The book strengthens both analytical thinking and coding skills, giving GIS analysts practical experience to operate at the intersection of GIS and data science.
8. Practical GIS by Gรกbor Szabรณ
This book guides you through open-source GIS ecosystems like QGIS and PostGIS while integrating them with Python automation. It is designed for professionals who want to bridge desktop GIS experience with backend database-driven systems. You will learn to connect Python scripts with spatial databases, automate data imports and exports, perform spatial queries, and develop workflows that combine GIS tools with programmatic solutions, enhancing productivity and ensuring reproducibility in GIS projects.
9. Python Geospatial Development by Erik Westra
One of the earliest yet still relevant references on building complete geospatial applications. It walks you from handling coordinates and projections to creating interactive maps and integrating them with web frameworks. You will learn how to develop end-to-end geospatial projects, acquire data, process it, visualize results, and deliver interactive mapping solutions. This book is ideal as a final step in your journey, consolidating Python skills and GIS knowledge to produce professional geospatial applications.
Conclusion
Moving from GIS to data science is more than learning new syntax. It is about changing how you think about data. Each of these ten books gives you not just tools, but ways of reasoning spatially, computationally, and statistically. By reading them and applying their lessons, you will transform from a map maker into a spatial data scientist capable of solving complex challenges with Python. The roadmap provided by these books ensures you grow from a GIS analyst to a Python-powered geospatial expert, ready to tackle any real-world spatial problem.
In todayโs data-driven economy, even small businesses are becoming information ecosystems. Customer lists, sales metrics, and supplier data are no longer just operational detailsโtheyโre strategic assets that demand governance. Data governance ensures that data is accurate, secure, accessible, and used responsibly. Without it, businesses risk inefficiencies, compliance issues, and loss of customer trust.
TL;DR
Data governance = policies + processes that ensure your data is trustworthy and usable.
It protects small businesses from data breaches, regulatory fines, and decision errors.
Start simple: define who owns the data, how itโs collected, where itโs stored, and how itโs used.
Adopt digital tools and frameworks that automate compliance and security checks.
Continuous monitoring and employee training make governance sustainable.
Why Data Governance Matters for Small Businesses
Good governance transforms raw data into actionable intelligence. For small businesses, itโs a survival strategyโnot a luxury.
Improved decision-making: Reliable data fuels accurate analytics and forecasts.
Regulatory compliance: Ensures adherence to privacy laws like GDPR and CCPA.
Operational efficiency: Reduces duplication and streamlines workflows.
Customer trust: Protects personal information and reinforces brand credibility.
Business continuity: Supports risk management and disaster recovery efforts.
Consider this option: small businesses in regulated industries can explore cybersecurity degree programs online to deepen internal knowledge of data protection frameworks.
Building Trust Through Secure Information Management
Data governance isnโt only about complianceโitโs about creating trust frameworks between a business and its stakeholders. By implementing robust data controls, even micro-enterprises can operate with the same rigor as large corporations. Consider aligning governance with standards like ISO 27001 or adopting cloud-native tools from providers such asMicrosoft Azure Security Center.
Small businesses that master governance early often outperform competitors when scaling, since they can integrate new data sources without chaos or compliance gaps.
The Four Pillars of Data Governance
Pillar
Description
Practical Example
Accountability
Assign clear data ownership and responsibilities.
The finance manager oversees all transaction data.
Integrity
Maintain accurate and consistent data records.
Use validation rules in CRM tools to prevent errors.
Security
Protect data from unauthorized access.
Implement two-factor authentication and encrypted backups.
Compliance
Align data practices with legal and ethical standards.
Ensure opt-in consent for marketing emails.
How to Implement Data Governance (Step-by-Step)
Assess Current Data Landscape
Identify what data exists, where it resides, and how itโs used.
Use a simple audit checklist.
Create a Governance Policy
Document rules for collection, storage, and sharing.
Define roles and escalation paths.
Select the Right Tools
Choose systems with audit trails and role-based access.
Use this checklist quarterly to evaluate your companyโs data maturity.
FAQ
Q1: What is the biggest data governance mistake small businesses make? A: Treating governance as an IT issue rather than a business-wide responsibility.
Q2: How often should governance policies be reviewed? A: At least annually, or after major system or regulation changes.
Q3: Do I need expensive software for governance? A: Not necessarily. Even simple platforms like Google Workspace Admin Console offer access controls and audit logs.
Q4: Who should lead the governance initiative? A: Ideally, a cross-functional team with representation from management, IT, and operations.
Glossary
Data Governance: Framework for managing dataโs availability, usability, integrity, and security.
Metadata: Data about dataโused to track origin, context, and usage.
Compliance: Adherence to regulations governing data privacy and protection.
Data Steward: Person responsible for maintaining data quality and policy compliance.
Access Control: Mechanism restricting data usage to authorized individuals.
Spotlight: Modern Compliance Automation
Modern small businesses benefit from automation platforms that monitor compliance in real-time. Tools such asOneTrust,Vanta, andDrata simplify SOC 2 and GDPR readiness, freeing owners to focus on growth. These systems integrate seamlessly with CRMs, HR systems, and accounting tools, creating continuous visibility into your data environment.
Data governance is no longer optional. For small businesses, itโs the foundation of credibility, continuity, and competitive advantage. By starting smallโassigning ownership, defining clear policies, and adopting security toolsโyou build the scaffolding for long-term data integrity.
When your data is well-governed, your business decisions become more confident, your customers more loyal, and your operations more resilient.
Unlock the power of data with Data World Consulting Group and explore our expert solutions and educational resources to elevate your business and learning journey today!
Introduction: Why Data Types Are the Hidden Power of Every Analysis
Every great data science project begins with understanding one simple truth โ not all data is created equal. Before diving into algorithms, visualizations, or predictions, you must know what kind of data you are working with. Misunderstanding data types can lead to incorrect models, wrong insights, and hours of confusion. In this article, we will explore the types of data in statistics and how each plays a critical role in the world of data science.
1. The Two Grand Divisions: Qualitative vs Quantitative Data
All data in statistics can be classified into two main types โ qualitative (categorical) and quantitative (numerical).
Qualitative (Categorical) Data
This type represents qualities, categories, or labels rather than numbers. It answers what kind rather than how much. Examples include gender, color, type of car, or country of origin.
In data science, categorical data helps in classification tasks like predicting whether an email is spam or not, or identifying the genre of a song based on lyrics.
There are two subtypes:
Nominal Data: No order or hierarchy between categories. Example: colors (red, blue, green).
Ordinal Data: Has a meaningful order, but the intervals between categories are not equal. Example: satisfaction levels (poor, fair, good, excellent).
Quantitative (Numerical) Data
This type deals with numbers and measurable quantities. It answers how much or how many. Quantitative data powers regression models, trend analysis, and time series forecasting.
Subtypes include:
Discrete Data: Countable values, often whole numbers. Example: number of students in a class.
Continuous Data: Infinite possible values within a range. Example: height, weight, or temperature.
2. A Closer Look: Scales of Measurement
Beyond basic classification, data can also be described based on its measurement scale, which defines how we can analyze and interpret it statistically.
Nominal Scale
Purely categorical with no numerical meaning. Used for grouping or labeling. Example: blood type or eye color. Data science use: Encoding these variables (like one-hot encoding) for machine learning models.
Ordinal Scale
Ordered categories, but without measurable difference between ranks. Example: star ratings on a product (1โ5 stars). Data science use: Great for survey analysis or ranking models, often converted to integers for algorithms.
Interval Scale
Numerical data with equal intervals, but no true zero point. Example: temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Data science use: Common in time series or sensor data where the zero point is arbitrary.
Ratio Scale
The highest level of data measurement, with equal intervals and a true zero point. Example: weight, distance, or income. Data science use: Used in predictive modeling, regression, and deep learning tasks requiring exact numeric relationships.
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3. Why Data Types Matter So Much in Data Science
Understanding data types is more than academic theory โ it directly shapes every decision you make as a data scientist:
Data Cleaning: Knowing whether to impute missing values with mean (for continuous) or mode (for categorical).
Feature Engineering: Deciding how to encode or transform variables for algorithms.
Visualization: Choosing appropriate plots โ bar charts for categorical, histograms for continuous.
Model Selection: Some algorithms handle specific data types better (e.g., decision trees handle categorical data naturally).
Without correctly identifying your data types, even the most advanced model will mislead you.
4. Real-Life Example: Data Types in a Data Science Project
Imagine you are analyzing a dataset about customer purchases for an e-commerce company. Hereโs how different data types appear:
Variable
Data Type
Example
Use Case
Customer ID
Nominal
C1023
Identifier
Gender
Nominal
Female
Segmentation
Age Group
Ordinal
18โ25, 26โ35
Market analysis
Purchase Amount
Ratio
120.50
Revenue modeling
Date of Purchase
Interval
2025-11-05
Trend analysis
Items Bought
Discrete
3
Purchase frequency
By correctly classifying these data types, you can efficiently prepare data for machine learning models, visualize insights properly, and make reliable business decisions.
Conclusion: The Secret to Smarter Data Science Starts with Data Types
In the age of AI and automation, the human skill of understanding data remains irreplaceable. Knowing whether your variable is nominal or ratio could be the difference between success and misleading outcomes. As a data scientist, always start with data classification before analysis โ itโs the quiet foundation behind every powerful insight and accurate prediction.
In a world where artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic concept but an active force in business and technology the field of data science finds itself at a crossroads. On one hand there are exciting opportunities: new tools, higher salaries, increasing demand. On the other hand there are questions: will AI replace data scientists? Are the job roles shifting so fast that what you learn now may be outdated tomorrow? If you are building or advising a career in data science (or your work touches on this area) then understanding what is actually happening in the job market is critical. In this article I explore the realโworld trends for 2025 in the data science and AI job market: the demand, the shifts in roles and skills, the risks, and how you as a professional (or aspiring one) can position yourself.
1. What the Data Science + AI Job Market Looks Like Today
Demand is still strong but evolving
Numerous reports point to continued growth in dataโscience and AIโrelated roles. The job market for data scientists still expects around 21โ000 new openings per year in the U.S. alone over the next decade.
Roles are shifting: specialization and infrastructure matter more
What is a โdata scientistโ nowadays is no longer the same as five years ago. Employers increasingly demand:
Strong machineโlearning/AI skills
Data engineering, MLOps and infrastructure skills become more prominent
Domain expertise (industry knowledge, ethical/AI governance) is a differentiator
Salary and compensation remain attractive
Salary data for data science/AI professionals show robust numbers. Many data science job postings in 2025 offer salaries in the $160โฏ000โ$200โฏ000 range in the U.S. In the AI segment salaries are slightly higher than standard data science roles.
AI is more complement than substitute (for now)
AI tends to augment highโskill work more than it automates it away. Rather than viewing AI purely as a threat it is more accurate to see it as reshaping jobs and skillโrequirements.
2. Key Shifts You Should Be Aware Of
Entryโlevel roles are harder to find
Though demand is robust overall the competition for entryโlevel and โgeneralistโ data science roles is becoming tougher. The share of postings for 0โ2 years of experience decreased and salaries increased for more experienced candidates.
The โdata scientist unicornโ is fading
Employers are less often looking for one person to do everything (data wrangling, feature engineering, modeling, deployment, business translation). Instead roles are splitting into: data engineer, ML/AI engineer, analytics engineer, data product manager.
Skills are changing fast
Because AI and data roles evolve rapidly, the required skillโset is shifting:
Classic languages like Python and SQL remain vital; SQL has overtaken R in many job listings
Deep learning, NLP, MLOps are growing in importance
Soft skills, domain knowledge, ethics and governance are becoming differentiators
Skillโbased hiring is growing: employers value demonstrable skills (certifications, portfolios) perhaps more than formal degrees in some cases
The role of AI in affecting jobs is nuanced
Although there is concern about AI leading to widespread job loss, most evidence suggests that for now AI is not causing huge mass layoffs in highโskill data/AI roles. Still the impact may accelerate in coming years.
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3. What This Means For Web Designers / Graphic Designers / Professionals (Like You)
Given your background in web design, motion graphics, brand identity etc your path may not be a classic โdata scientistโ role but the intersection of design, data and AI is very relevant. Here are some implications and opportunities:
Dataโdriven design: More companies integrate analytics into design decisions. Knowing how to interpret data, dashboards, and link visuals to business outcomes can give you an edge.
Motion graphics + AI content: As you use tools like Adobe After Effects or Adobe Animate the rise of generative AI (GenAI) means you may collaborate with data/AI teams to visualise model outputs, dashboards, user workflows.
Upskilling counts: Even if you donโt become a data scientist you benefit from acquiring foundational data literacyโSQL basics, data visualisation tools, understanding ML workflows. These complement your design/brand skills and make you more versatile.
Branding AI capabilities: For your own services (web design, brand identity) you can offer value by saying โI understand how AIโdriven data flows affect UXโ or โI can build dashboards with strong visual narrativeโ. That differentiates you.
Avoid entering a matured โcommodityโ space: Entryโlevel data science is tougher. So if you pivot into data/AI you might target niches where your design/visualisation expertise is rare: e.g., AI ethics visualisations, UX for ML interfaces, dashboard storytelling, dataโdriven branding.
In short: donโt wait for โdata science job market explosionโ to pass you byโposition your existing strengths (design, visuals, motion) plus some data/AI fluency to ride the wave rather than be overtaken by it.
4. What to Do If Youโre Considering or Already in the Field
Hereโs a practical roadmap for moving forward smartly:
Audit your current skills
How comfortable are you with Python/SQL or dataโtools?
Do you understand basics of ML/AI workflows (model building, deployment) at a conceptual level?
How good are you at communicating insights visually and with business context?
Pick a niche or combine strengths
Because generalist โdata scientistโ roles are less common now youโll stand out by combining two strengths: e.g., โmotion graphics + ML interpretabilityโ or โweb UI for data pipelinesโ.
Consider roles such as analytics engineer, data visualisation specialist, designโdriven data product owner.
Upskill strategically
Focus on inโdemand skills: machine learning fundamentals; cloud/data engineering basics; MLOps; SQL; data visualisation tools
Also invest in โsoftโ but crucial skills: domain knowledge, communication, ethics, decisionโmaking
Consider a portfolio of projects rather than only relying on formal degrees (skillโbased hiring is rising)
Stay adaptable and alert to shifts
The job market changes: roles will evolve as AI becomes more embedded
Entryโlevel may stay competitive; experience + unique combo of skills will help
Keep your design/visual skills sharpโthey will remain valuable even when AI changes some technical roles
5. Conclusion & Call to Interaction
In summary: the job market for data science and AI remains strong but changing. It is less about โwill there be jobsโ and more about โwhat kind of jobs, and with what skillsโ. For those able to combine technical fluency with domain, design, communication and flexibility the opportunities are excellent. For those expecting a straightforward path without continuous learning the environment will be competitive.
If I may invite you: โ Comment below with your own perspective: have you seen data/AI roles advertised in your region recently? What skills did they ask for? โ Consider writing a short list of three new skills you are willing to add this year to stay relevant in this shifting landscape.
In a world that never stops generating tasks, automation is not just a luxury โ itโs a necessity. Python has become the language of choice for people who want to make their computers work for them. It allows anyone, whether a beginner or an experienced developer, to automate daily routines, streamline workflows, and create elegant tools that simplify life. Whatโs more inspiring is that most of these automations can be built in just a weekend, giving you practical results and immediate satisfaction. In this article, weโll explore eight real-world automation projects that combine creativity, simplicity, and powerful results. Each project includes a detailed explanation and working code, ready to run and expand.
1. File Organizer: Cleaning Your Digital Mess
Letโs be honest โ everyoneโs Downloads folder looks like a battlefield. PDFs, images, ZIP archives, and installers all live together in digital chaos. A File Organizer is one of the simplest yet most satisfying automation scripts you can build. It scans a target folder, detects the file extensions, creates categorized subfolders, and moves each file into its proper place. This saves time, reduces clutter, and gives your workspace a touch of order.
Beyond personal use, such automation can be scaled for offices to organize report folders, designers to manage creative assets, or photographers to sort by file type. Itโs the foundation of file automation โ understanding how to navigate directories, classify files, and manipulate them programmatically.
This script can be adapted to group by date, size, or even project names โ the perfect first step toward smarter digital management.
2. Auto Email Sender: No More Repetitive Mail Work
Every professional has at least one recurring email to send: reports, invoices, weekly updates, or newsletters. Manually sending them every week is a waste of time. Thatโs where an Auto Email Sender steps in. Using Pythonโs smtplib and email libraries, you can compose and send messages automatically, even with attachments. You can integrate it with your reporting scripts to send data automatically at the end of each process.
This project teaches you about SMTP protocols, secure authentication, and automating digital communication. It also helps you understand how businesses automate entire email flows using scripts or scheduled tasks. You can later add personalization and dynamic content fetched from spreadsheets or databases.
Set it on a scheduler, and youโve got yourself an email assistant who never forgets or gets tired.
3. WhatsApp Message Bot: Smart Communication Made Easy
Imagine sending birthday wishes, reminders, or meeting alerts without lifting a finger. With the pywhatkit library, Python can automate WhatsApp messages right from your desktop. You define the message, the recipient, and the exact time โ and the bot does the rest.
This project introduces you to simple automation that interacts with web applications through browser control. Itโs particularly useful for small businesses or freelancers who manage multiple clients and want to send personalized yet automated updates. Itโs also a gentle entry into browser-driven automation and time scheduling.
Once you see your computer send that message without your input, youโll feel the real satisfaction of automation.
4. Web Scraper: Collect Data While You Sleep
Web scraping is the heart of data automation โ a way to collect information automatically from websites without manual copy-paste work. Whether itโs scraping job listings, product prices, or blog titles, Pythonโs BeautifulSoup and requests libraries make the process simple and powerful.
A Web Scraper can become part of many real-world systems โ price tracking bots, research tools, or content aggregators. It introduces you to the HTML structure of websites and teaches you how to extract meaningful patterns. Itโs also an excellent first step toward data analytics, since most analysis begins with data collection.
Once youโve mastered this, you can expand it to scrape multiple pages, store data in CSV files, and even monitor changes over time.
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5. Bulk File Renamer: Perfect Naming Every Time
If youโve ever had to rename hundreds of files โ like photos, documents, or reports โ you know the pain. The Bulk File Renamer eliminates that pain instantly. By looping through files in a folder, you can rename them with a consistent pattern, making them searchable and organized.
This project is particularly helpful for creative professionals, teachers, or office administrators. It introduces iteration and string formatting while giving immediate practical benefits.
After you run it, your files will instantly follow a perfect naming convention โ a simple yet satisfying reward for your Python skills.
6. Desktop Notification App: Keep Yourself on Track
Modern life is full of distractions, and sometimes the simplest automation can bring balance. A Desktop Notification App is one of those. You can make Python send you notifications โ like reminding you to stretch, hydrate, or check an important site. The plyer library makes it surprisingly easy.
This project is not just about productivity; it teaches you how applications communicate with your operating system and how automation can serve human well-being, not just efficiency.
You can even connect it to other scripts to notify you when a background task finishes or when a website updates.
7. Excel Automation: Reports That Build Themselves
If your work involves data or reporting, Excel Automation is a game changer. Instead of manually updating sheets, you can use Pythonโs OpenPyXL library to fill in data, apply formulas, and save formatted Excel reports automatically.
This automation is especially powerful for analysts, accountants, teachers, or managers who regularly produce structured reports. It introduces concepts of data manipulation, file writing, and office integration โ all essential skills for business automation.
Once you understand this foundation, you can automate monthly reports, combine multiple data sources, or even generate charts directly from Python.
8. Web Automation Bot: The Gateway to Advanced Automation
Finally, the Web Automation Bot. This is where automation meets intelligence. With Selenium, you can control a real browser โ open websites, log in, click buttons, and extract information โ just like a human would. Itโs used in automated testing, social media bots, and even e-commerce monitoring tools.
This project teaches browser control, DOM manipulation, and event simulation. Itโs a more advanced automation, but once you build it, youโll see how close you are to creating full-scale automation systems.
From here, you can scale up to automate entire workflows โ logging into dashboards, downloading reports, or posting updates online.
Conclusion
Each of these projects represents a small window into a much larger world โ the world of automation-driven thinking. What makes them valuable isnโt just the code but the mindset they build: the idea that every repetitive task can be transformed into a system that runs on its own. Once you start building these automations, you begin to see possibilities everywhere โ from your desktop to your business processes. So, take this weekend to experiment, learn, and enjoy the moment when your computer starts working for you instead of the other way around.
There was a time when data engineers were the silent backbone of the digital world. They built invisible pipelines that powered analytics dashboards and business decisions while their work lived quietly in the background. Yet as we step into 2025, a powerful shift has begun. The era of artificial intelligence has changed everything. The same engineers who once shaped data flows are now shaping intelligence itself. The walls between data engineering and AI engineering are collapsing, giving birth to a new kind of professional โ one who does not just move data but gives it meaning, logic, and life.
The Evolution of Data Engineering
For years data engineers were defined by the pipeline. Their mission was to extract, transform, and load massive amounts of data with precision. They were masters of efficiency and reliability since business intelligence depended on their craft. But as AI systems began to demand cleaner, smarter, and more contextual data, the traditional boundaries of their work started to blur. Data was no longer a static resource stored in warehouses. It became dynamic and intelligent, ready to be consumed by models that learn and adapt.
This transformation forced data engineers to rethink their purpose. They began to explore new languages, frameworks, and architectures that serve the needs of AI systems rather than just reports. The rise of feature stores, real-time data pipelines, and model-ready datasets became a natural evolution. What was once a backend support role is now a creative and strategic discipline deeply embedded in the core of AI development.
The Convergence of Data and Intelligence
In 2025 the distance between data and intelligence has nearly vanished. Companies realized that no AI model can thrive without a strong data foundation, and no data pipeline is meaningful unless it serves intelligent systems. This convergence turned data engineers into AI engineers almost by necessity. They are now the architects who design the flow of information that feeds neural networks, fine-tunes machine learning algorithms, and maintains the ethical integrity of data usage.
Instead of stopping at ETL processes, data engineers are now involved in designing feedback loops that help models learn from real-world behavior. They collaborate with machine learning experts to ensure that data quality aligns with algorithmic precision. They implement data observability tools that detect drift and bias. In short, they became the silent partners of artificial intelligence, merging data logic with machine cognition.
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The Skills Defining the New AI Engineer
The modern AI engineer who once began as a data engineer no longer lives in a world of static scripts. He navigates dynamic ecosystems filled with streaming data, distributed architectures, and intelligent agents. Python and SQL remain essential, but so do TensorFlow, PyTorch, and MLOps tools. Understanding how to automate model deployment, monitor data pipelines, and handle ethical AI constraints has become part of their daily routine.
They have become fluent in the language of AI systems while never forgetting their roots in data infrastructure. Their expertise bridges two worlds โ one of data reliability and another of model intelligence. The result is a new generation of engineers who see data as a living entity that must be nurtured, protected, and taught to think.
The Industry Demand and the Rise of Hybrid Roles
In 2025, technology companies are no longer hiring data engineers and AI engineers as separate positions. Instead, they are creating hybrid roles that demand deep data expertise combined with applied AI knowledge. Startups and enterprises alike seek professionals who can both build a data platform and deploy a model on top of it. This merging of skill sets has reshaped hiring patterns across industries from finance to healthcare to manufacturing.
Businesses now understand that the journey from raw data to intelligent decision-making must be seamless. The engineer who can handle that entire journey becomes priceless. They are not just developers anymore but system thinkers who shape the DNA of digital intelligence.
What This Means for the Future
The rise of AI engineers from the roots of data engineering tells a larger story about how technology evolves. Each generation of innovation absorbs the one before it. Just as web developers became full-stack engineers, data engineers are becoming full-intelligence engineers. The future belongs to those who understand both the flow of information and the architecture of intelligence.
This shift will not slow down. Automation tools will make traditional data work easier, but the demand for human insight will grow. The world will need engineers who can blend structure with creativity, logic with vision, and pipelines with perception. And that is precisely what this new wave of AI engineers represents โ a bridge between the mechanical and the meaningful.
Conclusion
As we look ahead to the years beyond 2025, the title โdata engineerโ may fade, but its spirit will remain stronger than ever. The professionals who once built data pipelines are now shaping the veins of artificial intelligence. Their role is no longer about moving information but about awakening it. They have become the builders of intelligent systems that not only process data but understand it. The silent era of engineering has ended, and a new one has begun โ where data engineers have become AI engineers, and intelligence is no longer a dream but a craft.
In the world of modern technology, satire writes itself. Our devices update while we sleep, our data travels through invisible clouds, and our AI assistants occasionally mistake sarcasm for affection. If an artist ever tried to sketch the digital age, it would look like a mix of confusion, brilliance, and a dash of existential dread โ which is exactly what these six cartoon concepts capture.
Each cartoon is a humorous reflection of our uneasy friendship with data, intelligence, computers, and the all-powerful Cloud. You might laugh, or you might just recognize your daily struggle with a login screen. Either way, welcome to the funniest serious commentary youโll read today.
1. The Data Lake That Became a Swamp
Concept: A business analyst stands beside a murky lake labeled โData Lakeโ, holding a fishing rod tangled with broken dashboards. Behind him, a sign reads: โNo Swimming โ Undefined Values.โ
Insight: Companies were promised crystal-clear insight, but without proper management, their โdata lakesโ turned into โdata swamps.โ This cartoon pokes fun at the irony that storing too much data without structure leads to less clarity โ not more.
2. AI at the Therapy Session
Concept: An AI robot lies on a therapistโs couch saying, โSometimes I feel like humans only like me for my predictions.โ The therapist, another AI, takes notes on a tablet labeled โMachine Learning Journal.โ
Insight: Artificial intelligence has become so โsmartโ that we project human emotions onto it. This scene satirizes our growing emotional dependence on technology โ and how AI often mirrors our own insecurities back at us.
3. The Cloud with a Lightning Mood
Concept: A cheerful worker uploads files to the cloud, only for the next panel to show a thundercloud raining error messages: โConnection Lost,โ โTry Again Later,โ โUnknown Issue.โ
Insight: The Cloud has become a symbol of both convenience and fragility. This cartoon reflects how our entire digital lives depend on invisible servers that sometimes justโฆ donโt feel like cooperating.
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4. The Computer That Needed a Break
Concept: An overworked laptop with dark circles under its webcam says, โIโve been updating since 3 a.m. โ can I go into sleep mode now?โ Nearby, a human drinks coffee, exhausted from waiting.
Insight: Computers are our most loyal coworkers โ until they decide to restart during a deadline. The humor here hides a truth about our digital burnout: even machines need downtime, and so do we.
5. Data Privacy: The Peekaboo Game
Concept: A smartphone hides behind its screen, whispering, โDonโt worry, I only listen sometimes.โ Around it, dozens of tiny apps peek through keyholes.
Insight: This cartoon comments on the illusion of privacy in a world where every app quietly watches. Itโs a funny โ but unsettling โ reminder that our devices might know us better than we know ourselves.
6. When the Algorithm Discovered Art
Concept: An AI proudly displays its painting โ a surreal image that looks suspiciously like data charts turned into abstract art. The human critic says, โImpressive. But why is it signed โVersion 2.3โ?โ
Insight: AI creativity blurs the line between logic and imagination. This cartoon captures the moment machines start expressing beauty through patterns โ and we start questioning what it means to be โcreative.โ
Conclusion
Technology has always been serious business โ but beneath the code, spreadsheets, and cloud servers lies a quietly comic story of human ambition. These six cartoons remind us that every algorithm reflects its creator, every dataset hides a human flaw, and every crash, update, or โunknown errorโ is just another way the universe keeps us humble.
The next time your computer freezes mid-task, donโt get angry โ just imagine the cartoon. Youโll laugh, then reboot.
Python is the language that made data handling accessible to both beginners and experts. Yet, many students often overlook its hidden tricksโthose little shortcuts and powerful functions that can save hours of work. Whether youโre dealing with messy datasets, writing code for assignments, or preparing for data-driven jobs, knowing these techniques can make you more efficient and stand out among peers.
Below are nine Python data tricks, complete with explanations and real-life examples, that youโll wish you had discovered back in college.
1. List Comprehensions for Clean Data Manipulation
Instead of writing long loops, Python allows you to process lists elegantly.
Example:
Use Case in College: Quickly filtering and transforming exam scores, like pulling out all passing grades above 60 and squaring them for analysis.
2. The Power of enumerate()
When you need both the index and the value from a list, enumerate() saves you from writing manual counters.
Example:
Output:
Why it helps: No more creating separate index = 0 counters in your assignments.
3. Unpacking with the Asterisk * Operator
The * operator allows you to grab multiple values at once.
Example:
ย In Practice: Splitting the top two highest exam grades from the rest.
4. Using zip() to Pair Data
When you have two lists that should be combined, zip() does the magic.
Example:
Why it matters: Perfect for combining student names with their grades.
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5. Dictionary Comprehensions
Just like list comprehensions, but for key-value pairs.
Example:
In Research: Building quick lookup tables for datasets.
6. collections.Counter for Quick Statistics
Counting items in data doesnโt need manual loopsโuse Counter
Example:
Why it rocks: Instantly count survey responses or repeated items in experiments.
7. F-Strings for Fast String Formatting
Instead of using + or format(), f-strings keep your code clean.
Example:
College Hack: Quickly generate report summaries.
8. Lambda Functions for On-the-Fly Operations
Anonymous functions can make sorting or filtering seamless.
Example:
Application: Sorting students by grades in just one line.
9. Pandas One-Liners for DataFrames
If youโre working with larger datasets, Pandas is a must.
Example:
Why it matters in college: Easy statistical calculations on survey results or lab data.
Conclusion
These nine tricks are not about memorizing syntax but about thinking like a Pythonic problem solver. Whether youโre cleaning messy data, analyzing exam results, or preparing datasets for machine learning, these shortcuts save time and make your work more professional.
The earlier you adopt these techniques, the more efficient and confident youโll become in handling real-world data problems.
The data-driven era we live in makes data science one of the most attractive and future-proof careers. In 2025, the role of the data scientist has expanded beyond crunching numbersโit has become central to shaping business decisions, driving innovation, and even influencing government policies. Organizations are no longer looking for just analysts; they want professionals who can handle complex data systems, embrace artificial intelligence, and clearly translate results into actionable strategies. If you are wondering how to step into this field today, you need a clear roadmap that balances technical depth, practical projects, and future-oriented skills.
Building the Core Foundation: Mathematics and Statistics
At the heart of data science lies mathematics. Concepts such as linear algebra, probability, and statistics form the backbone of nearly every model or algorithm. A solid understanding of these principles allows you to evaluate results instead of blindly trusting tools. For example, when analyzing medical data, statistical reasoning helps determine whether a correlation is real or just random. Without this foundation, you may end up with models that look impressive but produce misleading insights. In 2025, employers still prioritize this knowledge, as it ensures you are not just a tool user but also a problem solver.
Programming and Tools of the Modern Data Scientist
While math gives you theory, programming gives you power. Python remains the dominant language, with libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Scikit-learn forming a data scientistโs daily toolkit. R continues to be valued for advanced statistics, while SQL remains essential for querying and managing databases. Beyond coding, cloud-based platforms like AWS SageMaker, Google BigQuery, and Azure ML have become industry standards. For example, a retail company dealing with millions of customer records will expect you to pull, clean, and model data directly in the cloud. Mastering these tools makes you adaptable in diverse working environments.
Learning by Doing: The Power of Projects
In 2025, companies care less about what courses you took and more about what you can actually do. Thatโs why building a portfolio of projects is non-negotiable. Real-world projectsโsuch as predicting housing prices, analyzing stock market sentiment, or developing a COVID-19 data dashboardโshowcase not just technical skills but also your ability to think critically and communicate results. When hiring, managers are impressed by candidates who can walk them through a portfolio project, explaining why they made certain choices and how their work can be applied to real business challenges.
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Communication: Turning Data Into Action
The best model in the world is useless if you cannot explain its results. In 2025, data scientists are increasingly judged on their ability to communicate clearly. Visualization tools such as Tableau and Power BI allow you to turn complex analyses into simple, intuitive dashboards. More importantly, you must develop the skill of storytellingโframing your findings in ways that decision-makers can act on. For instance, telling an executive team that a model has 90% accuracy is not enough; you must translate that into what it means for revenue growth, customer retention, or operational efficiency.
Embracing AI and Automation
Artificial intelligence has transformed data science. Tools like AutoML and AI assistants now automate repetitive coding and model selection. While some fear this reduces the demand for data scientists, the reality is the opposite: it makes the role more strategic. Your job in 2025 is not to compete with AI, but to guide it, validate its outputs, and connect its insights to business objectives. Think of yourself less as a โprogrammerโ and more as a โdata strategist.โ This shift means you must stay updated on the latest AI-powered workflows and learn how to use them as allies rather than competitors.
Networking and Lifelong Learning
The final piece of the puzzle is community. Data science evolves too quickly to master in isolation. Joining Kaggle competitions, contributing to GitHub projects, or attending industry conferences will keep you sharp and visible. Networking often leads to opportunities that technical skills alone cannot unlock. For example, someone you collaborate with in an online hackathon might later refer you for a role in a top tech company. Continuous learningโthrough courses, certifications, and researchโis what keeps a data scientist relevant in the long run.
Conclusion
Becoming a data scientist in 2025 is both challenging and rewarding. It requires you to combine strong mathematical knowledge, practical programming expertise, and hands-on project experience with the ability to tell compelling stories from data. It also means embracing AI as a partner and staying connected with the global data science community. If you commit to this journey, youโll be preparing not just for a job, but for a career that places you at the heart of the digital revolution. Start small, stay consistent, and remember: the future belongs to those who can turn information into insight.
The field of data science has become one of the most sought-after career paths in todayโs digital economy. With industries relying on data-driven decisions more than ever, companies are constantly searching for skilled professionals who can turn raw information into meaningful insights. Yet for newcomers, the biggest question remains: where do you start, and how do you navigate the overwhelming list of tools, concepts, and frameworks? The truth is, you donโt need to learn everything. You just need a clear, structured roadmap that leads directly to employability.
In this article, I will walk you through the only data science roadmap you need to get a job, breaking down each stage into practical, narrative-driven steps that ensure you not only learn but also position yourself as a competitive candidate.
Building the Mathematical Foundation
Every strong data scientist begins with mathematics, not because you need to become a mathematician, but because the language of data is built on numbers, probability, and patterns. Concepts like linear algebra, calculus, and statistics serve as the bedrock of understanding how algorithms work and how predictions are made. For example, understanding the gradient in calculus is not about solving equations on paper, but about recognizing how optimization happens in machine learning models like gradient descent. Similarly, grasping probability helps you evaluate risks, detect biases, and interpret uncertainty in predictions. Without this foundation, you may find yourself relying blindly on libraries without ever comprehending whatโs happening behind the scenes. And in interviews, recruiters often test this depth of knowledge. Think of this stage as building the grammar before you start writing in the language of data.
Mastering Programming for Data Science
Once the mathematics is in place, the next step is to learn how to communicate with data effectivelyโand this is where programming comes in. Python has emerged as the undisputed king of data science languages, thanks to its simplicity and vast ecosystem of libraries like NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-learn, and TensorFlow. However, R also remains valuable, particularly in research and academic environments. Learning programming is not just about syntax; it is about developing problem-solving skills. Imagine being handed a messy dataset full of missing values, outliers, and inconsistent formatting. Your task as a data scientist is to clean, transform, and prepare that data so that it can tell a story. Through consistent coding practice, such as participating in Kaggle competitions or working on personal projects, you start developing an intuition for handling real-world data challenges. This hands-on experience becomes your proof of competence in job applications.
Diving into Data Analysis and Visualization
At its heart, data science is about storytelling, and visualization is the way you make dataโs story come alive. Employers want to see if you can take complex, multi-dimensional datasets and simplify them into insights that decision-makers can understand. This is why mastering tools like Matplotlib, Seaborn, or Plotly is crucial. Beyond Python libraries, platforms such as Power BI or Tableau also enhance your ability to create compelling dashboards. For example, imagine presenting a sales forecast to a boardroomโnumbers alone may seem abstract, but a clear line chart showing trends or a heatmap highlighting problem areas instantly resonates with the audience. The ability to visualize effectively often becomes the deciding factor in whether your work is recognized and implemented within an organization.
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Understanding Machine Learning Concepts
With foundations in mathematics, programming, and visualization established, the next step is venturing into machine learning. This is where theory meets practice, and you begin to teach machines how to make decisions. Start with supervised learning methods such as linear regression, logistic regression, and decision trees, then gradually move into more advanced algorithms like random forests, gradient boosting, and support vector machines. From there, unsupervised learning methods like clustering or dimensionality reduction broaden your perspective. What matters most is not memorizing formulas but understanding the intuition behind each algorithmโwhy you would use it, what kind of data it works best with, and how to evaluate its performance using metrics like accuracy, precision, or recall. Recruiters often focus on your ability to explain machine learning concepts in plain language, which shows that you donโt just โknowโ the algorithm but truly understand it.
Gaining Practical Experience Through Projects
No matter how many courses you complete or how many books you read, employers ultimately look for proof of application. This is where projects become the centerpiece of your roadmap. Start with small, guided projects like predicting housing prices or analyzing customer churn, then move toward larger, end-to-end case studies. For instance, you could build a sentiment analysis model for social media data or create a recommendation system similar to what Netflix or Amazon uses. Beyond showcasing your technical ability, projects demonstrate initiative and creativity. The key is to document your work on platforms like GitHub and share your learning journey on LinkedIn or personal blogs. In todayโs job market, recruiters often review your portfolio before they even invite you for an interview, and a strong collection of projects can significantly set you apart.
Preparing for the Job Market
The final step in the roadmap is translating all your skills into employability. This means learning how to craft a resume that highlights not just your technical tools but also the impact of your projects. Instead of listing โPython, Pandas, Scikit-learn,โ focus on what you achieved with them, such as โDeveloped a machine learning model that improved prediction accuracy by 15%.โ Equally important is preparing for interviews, which often include both technical tests and behavioral questions. You might be asked to code live, solve case studies, or explain your approach to a data problem. Beyond the technical side, employers want to know if you can communicate with non-technical teams, adapt quickly, and think critically under pressure. Networking also plays a huge roleโattending meetups, joining online communities, and seeking mentorship can open doors to opportunities you wouldnโt find on job boards.
Conclusion
The journey to becoming a data scientist may appear overwhelming at first glance, but with the right roadmap, it becomes a structured and achievable process. Start with building your mathematical foundation, then progress into programming, analysis, machine learning, and projects, before finally polishing your professional profile for the job market. Remember, the goal is not to learn everything at once but to follow a step-by-step path that steadily builds both competence and confidence. Employers are not just looking for people who know the toolsโthey want problem-solvers, storytellers, and innovators who can bring data to life. Follow this roadmap with persistence, and you will not only become job-ready but also set yourself on the path toward a rewarding career in data science.
A data pipeline is a structured workflow that transports raw data from multiple sources (databases, APIs, logs, IoT sensors, etc.) through a sequence of processes such as cleaning, transformation, feature extraction, and storage before feeding it into machine learning models. Unlike ad-hoc scripts, pipelines are automated, repeatable, and scalableโensuring consistent results over time.
Real-life example: Imagine a fraud detection system at a bank. Every transaction stream needs to be captured in real-time, validated, enriched with customer history, and transformed into numerical features that a model can understand. Without a pipeline, data would be chaotic and models would fail.
Core Components of a Data Pipeline Architecture
Designing a robust ML pipeline involves breaking it into logical components, each handling a specific responsibility.
Data Ingestion โ The entry point of data from structured (SQL databases) or unstructured sources (social media feeds, images).
Data Storage โ Raw data is stored in data lakes (e.g., AWS S3, Hadoop) or structured warehouses (e.g., Snowflake, BigQuery).
Data Processing & Transformation โ Cleaning, normalizing, and feature engineering using frameworks like Apache Spark or Pandas.
Feature Store โ A centralized repository to manage and serve features consistently across training and inference.
Model Serving Layer โ Once trained, models consume data from the pipeline for real-time predictions.
Monitoring & Logging โ Ensures pipeline stability, detects anomalies, and triggers alerts when failures occur.
Diagram: High-Level ML Data Pipeline Architecture
Hereโs a simple conceptual diagram of the flow:
[ Data Sources ] ---> [ Ingestion Layer ] ---> [ Storage ] ---> [ Processing & Transformation ] ---> [ Feature Store ] ---> [ ML Model ] ---> [ Predictions ]
This modular architecture ensures flexibility: you can swap out technologies at each stage (e.g., Kafka for ingestion, Spark for processing) without breaking the pipeline.
Batch vs. Streaming Pipelines
Not all machine learning applications require the same data speed. Choosing between batch and streaming pipelines is a crucial design decision.
Batch Pipelines: Data is processed in chunks at scheduled intervals (daily, weekly). Example: an e-commerce company analyzing customer purchase data every night to update recommendation models.
Streaming Pipelines: Data is processed continuously in real-time. Example: ride-hailing apps (like Uber) that use live GPS signals to predict ETAs.
Hybrid architectures often combine bothโbatch pipelines for historical insights and streaming for instant responses.
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Best Practices for Designing ML Data Pipelines
Automation First โ Manual steps increase error probability. Automate ingestion, validation, and monitoring.
Data Quality Gates โ Validate data at every stage (e.g., schema checks, missing value detection).
Scalability โ Use distributed processing frameworks (Spark, Flink) for large datasets.
[ IoT Sensors ] --> [ Kafka Stream ] --> [ Data Lake ] --> [ Spark Processing ] --> [ Feature Store ] --> [ ML Model API ] --> [ Maintenance Alerts ]
Conclusion
Designing a data pipeline for machine learning is not just about moving dataโit is about engineering trust in the data lifecycle. A well-structured pipeline ensures that models receive clean, timely, and relevant inputs, thereby improving their accuracy and reliability. Whether itโs batch or streaming, the key lies in building modular, automated, and scalable architectures. For organizations investing in AI, strong pipelines are the invisible backbone of their success.
In the rapidly evolving world of data analytics, the difference between an average analyst and one in the top 1% often comes down to the tools they use. While many professionals still rely heavily on spreadsheets and basic dashboards, the elite class of analysts integrates artificial intelligence into their workflow. These tools allow them to move faster, uncover patterns others miss, and tell compelling stories with data. What separates them from the rest is not only their skill set but also their ability to harness AI as an extension of their expertise.
ChatGPT: The Analystโs On-Demand Assistant
ChatGPT has quickly become the quiet partner of many top analysts. Beyond its obvious role as a conversational AI, it functions as a code assistant, a research aide, and even a data storytelling companion. Instead of spending hours debugging SQL queries or rewriting Python scripts, analysts turn to ChatGPT to speed up technical tasks. Even more importantly, it helps explain statistical concepts in clear, client-friendly language, turning complicated findings into digestible insights. A financial analyst, for example, may rely on ChatGPT to reformat client reports instantly, saving hours that would have been spent manually editing.
Power BI with Copilot: Turning Data into Stories
Microsoftโs Power BI has long been a cornerstone of business intelligence, but with the integration of Copilot, it has transformed into something even more powerful. Analysts now rely on Copilot to generate DAX formulas from plain English prompts, summarize entire dashboards, and automatically provide executive-ready insights. Instead of creating static reports, elite analysts craft data stories that speak directly to decision-makers. Copilot doesnโt just make the process fasterโit makes it smarter, empowering analysts to focus on interpretation rather than technical execution.
Tableau with Einstein AI: Predicting the Future of Data
Tableau has always excelled in visualization, but when combined with Einstein AI, it offers predictive capabilities that make analysts stand out. Elite professionals use it not only to present data beautifully but also to forecast trends, detect anomalies, and run natural language queries without writing a single line of code. A marketing analyst, for instance, may ask Tableauโs AI to predict customer churn, receiving accurate forecasts that once required complex modeling. This ability to blend visualization with prediction is what makes Tableau a secret weapon for top analysts.
DataRobot: Automating Machine Learning with Precision
While building machine learning models used to be the domain of data scientists, tools like DataRobot have democratized the process. The worldโs top analysts use it to rapidly build, test, and deploy predictive models without sacrificing accuracy. What makes DataRobot essential is not just automation, but also explainabilityโit helps analysts understand and communicate how the model works. This transparency is crucial when executives ask, โWhy does the model recommend this decision?โ With DataRobot, analysts can provide both speed and clarity.
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MonkeyLearn: Unlocking Insights from Unstructured Text
Data is not always structured, and some of the richest insights come from unstructured text such as customer reviews, survey responses, and support tickets. This is where MonkeyLearn proves indispensable. Elite analysts use it to extract keywords, classify topics, and perform sentiment analysis in minutes. Instead of manually coding NLP models, they rely on MonkeyLearnโs AI-driven automation to unlock meaning from text-heavy datasets. A company looking to understand thousands of customer complaints can gain actionable insights almost instantly, something that would otherwise take weeks of manual work.
Alteryx: Streamlining Workflows with AI
For analysts dealing with large and messy datasets, Alteryx is a game-changer. Its AI-powered workflow automation allows analysts to clean, prepare, and analyze data with drag-and-drop ease. But what makes it invaluable to top professionals is its ability to integrate predictive analytics directly into workflows. Elite analysts use Alteryx not just to save time, but to build smart, repeatable processes that scale. This frees them to focus on higher-level thinkingโfinding the โwhyโ behind the numbers instead of wrestling with raw data.
Google Cloud Vertex AI: Scaling AI to Enterprise Levels
When it comes to enterprise-scale analytics, Google Cloudโs Vertex AI is the tool of choice for the top tier of analysts. It allows them to train and deploy machine learning models at scale, integrate pre-trained APIs for natural language processing and computer vision, and connect seamlessly with BigQuery to analyze massive datasets. For a retail analyst managing thousands of SKUs across multiple markets, Vertex AI provides demand forecasting that is both powerful and precise. The ability to scale AI across global datasets is what makes this platform indispensable for the elite.
Conclusion
The difference between a good analyst and a world-class one often comes down to how effectively they integrate AI into their daily work. The top 1% are not just skilled in analysisโthey are skilled in choosing the right tools. ChatGPT helps them work faster, Power BI Copilot and Tableau Einstein allow them to tell richer stories, DataRobot accelerates machine learning, MonkeyLearn unlocks text data, Alteryx streamlines workflows, and Vertex AI delivers enterprise-level scale. Together, these tools give analysts a competitive edge that turns raw data into strategic power. If you want to step into the ranks of the top 1%, these are the tools to master today.
A calendar is more than a way to track datesโitโs a powerful tool for analyzing patterns over time. In Power BI, building a dynamic calendar visual allows you to explore performance across days, weeks, months, and years in an interactive and visually appealing way.
In this guide, weโll walk step by step through creating a professional dynamic calendar visualization in Power BI, supported with examples and DAX code.
1. Why Do You Need a Dynamic Calendar in Power BI?
Most reports rely heavily on the time dimension, but traditional charts often fail to highlight day-by-day patterns. A calendar visual helps you:
Spot distributions: Identify the busiest and slowest days at a glance.
Enable easy comparisons: Compare performance across weeks or months.
Deliver visual impact: Present data in a format users instantly understand.
example: An e-commerce store uses a dynamic calendar to see which days drive the most orders, helping the marketing team plan promotions strategically.
2. Create a Date Table
Before building the visual, you need a proper Date Table. You can generate one in Power BI using DAX:
Tip: Donโt forget to mark it as a Date Table in Power BI.
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3. Build the Calendar Layout with Matrix Visual
Now letโs transform this into a calendar view using the Matrix visual:
Add a Matrix visual.
Place Month and Year on the rows.
Place Weekday on the columns.
Use Day or a measure (like total sales) in the values field.
The Matrix will now display your data in a grid resembling a calendar.
4. Make It Interactive
To turn the static calendar into an interactive tool:
Conditional formatting: Color cells based on values (e.g., green = high sales, red = low).
Slicers: Allow users to filter by year, month, or product.
Tooltips: Show detailed insights when hovering over a specific day.
Real-world example: A service company uses tooltips to display daily customer visits and revenue when hovering over a date.
5. Add Dynamic Measures
Measures make your calendar more insightful. For example, to calculate sales:
Total Sales = SUM(Sales[SalesAmount])
Or count daily orders:
Total Orders = COUNTROWS(Sales)
You can then display these measures inside the calendar, making each cell a mini insight point.
6. Enhance the Visual Design
To polish your calendar visualization:
Use Custom Visuals like Calendar by MAQ Software from AppSource.
Apply Themes that align with your company branding.
Add Year-over-Year comparisons for more advanced analytics.
Conclusion
Building a dynamic calendar visual in Power BI is not just about aestheticsโitโs about making time-based insights accessible and actionable. With a Date Table, a Matrix visual, and some interactivity, you can transform raw numbers into a calendar that tells a story.
Next time you design a Power BI report, try including a calendar visualโyouโll be surprised how much clarity it brings to your data.
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Power BI ู ู ุงูุชูุงุฑูุฎ ุฅูู ุงูุฑุคู – ุฅูุดุงุก ุชูููู ุชูุงุนูู ูู
In the world of data visualization, small details often make the biggest difference. One of the most powerful yet simple visuals in Power BI is the KPI card. It may look minimal, but when designed correctly, it can turn raw numbers into quick, actionable insights. In this article, Iโll walk you through how I created my best Power BI KPI card, the thought process behind it, and why it made such a strong impact on reporting and decision-making.
What is a KPI Card in Power BI?
A KPI card in Power BI is a visual element that highlights one key numberโsuch as revenue, profit margin, or customer retention rate. It provides quick snapshots of performance without overwhelming users with too much detail.
Example: Instead of showing a whole sales report, a KPI card might just show โMonthly Sales: $120,000โ, making it clear and easy to digest.
Why I Focused on Designing a Better KPI Card
When I started using Power BI, my KPI cards were plainโjust numbers in a box. While functional, they didnโt tell a story or give enough context. I realized that a great KPI card should not only show a value but also:
Indicate progress toward a goal
Highlight changes over time
Use colors and icons to guide attention
For example, a sales KPI card showing $120,000 (up 15%) in green is much more insightful than just showing $120,000.
Steps I Took to Build My Best KPI Card
1. Choosing the Right Metric
I picked Net Profit Margin as the main KPI because it reflects both sales and costs, offering a balanced view of performance.
2. Adding Context with Targets
I set a target margin of 20%. Instead of just showing the current margin, the KPI card displayed:
Current Margin: 18%
Target: 20%
Status: Slightly below target
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3. Using Conditional Formatting
I applied colors to quickly signal performance:
Green if margin โฅ 20%
Yellow if between 15โ19%
Red if < 15%
This way, managers could immediately see performance without reading details.
4. Enhancing with Trend Indicators
I included an up/down arrow to show whether the margin improved compared to last month. A simple arrow added huge clarity.
Why This Card Became My Best
This KPI card stood out because it wasnโt just a numberโit was a decision-making tool. Executives could glance at it and instantly know:
Current performance
How close we were to the goal
Whether we were improving or declining
It turned reporting into actionable insights, and thatโs the ultimate goal of Power BI.
Real-Life Example
Imagine a retail company using this KPI card.
January Margin: 18% (red arrow down)
February Margin: 21% (green arrow up)
Within seconds, leadership knows that February outperformed expectations and that corrective actions taken in January worked.
Conclusion
A well-designed KPI card in Power BI is more than a simple number. Itโs a visual story that provides clarity, direction, and impact. My best KPI card combined clear metrics, contextual targets, color coding, and trend indicatorsโtransforming data into meaningful insights.
If you havenโt experimented with KPI cards yet, start small but design with purpose. A single card can be more powerful than a whole dashboard if done right.
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Power BI ูู KPI ููู ุตู ู ุช ุฃูุถู ุจุทุงูุฉ
When people hear โmachine learning,โ they often imagine advanced algorithms, massive datasets, and futuristic applications. But at the heart of all of this lies a very old discipline: mathematics.
It is the language that powers every neural network, regression model, and recommendation system. Many learners feel intimidated because they think they need to master every single branch of math. The truth is, you donโt โ you only need to focus on the specific areas that drive machine learning forward.
This article will guide you step by step through the math you need, why it matters, and how to actually learn it without getting lost.
1. Linear Algebra: The Language of Data
Linear algebra forms the foundation of machine learning. Data in machine learning is often represented as vectors and matrices. For example, a grayscale image can be thought of as a matrix where each element corresponds to the brightness of a pixel. When you feed that image into a machine learning model, it performs matrix operations to detect patterns such as edges, shapes, and textures.
To get comfortable, focus on the basics: vectors, matrices, matrix multiplication, dot products, and eigenvalues. Once you understand these, youโll see why every deep learning library (like TensorFlow or PyTorch) is essentially a giant machine for matrix operations.
Real-life example: When Netflix recommends movies, it uses linear algebra to represent both users and movies in a shared space. By comparing the “distance” between your vector and a movieโs vector, the system decides whether to recommend it.
2. Calculus: The Engine of Learning
While linear algebra structures the data, calculus drives the learning process. Machine learning models improve themselves by minimizing error โ and that is achieved through derivatives and gradients.
For instance, the popular Gradient Descent algorithm is simply an application of calculus. By taking the derivative of the loss function with respect to model parameters, the algorithm knows which direction to move to reduce errors. You donโt need to master every integration trick, but you should feel comfortable with derivatives, partial derivatives, and gradients.
Real-life example: Imagine training a self-driving carโs vision system. The model makes a mistake identifying a stop sign. Gradient Descent kicks in, adjusting the modelโs internal parameters (weights) slightly so that next time, the probability of recognizing the stop sign is higher. That entire process is powered by calculus.
3. Probability and Statistics: The Logic of Uncertainty
Machine learning is about making predictions under uncertainty, and thatโs exactly where probability and statistics come in. Without them, you canโt evaluate models, understand error rates, or deal with randomness in data.
Key concepts include probability distributions, expectation, variance, conditional probability, and hypothesis testing. These tools help you answer questions like: How confident is the model in its prediction? Is this result meaningful, or just random noise?
Real-life example: In spam detection, a model doesnโt โknowโ for sure if an email is spam. Instead, it assigns a probability, such as 95% spam vs. 5% not spam. That probability comes from statistical modeling and probability theory.
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4. Optimization: The Art of Improvement
Every machine learning model has one ultimate goal: optimization. Whether itโs minimizing the error in predictions or maximizing the accuracy of classification, optimization ensures the model keeps getting better.
Basic optimization concepts include cost functions, convexity, constraints, and gradient-based optimization methods. Even complex deep learning boils down to solving optimization problems efficiently.
Real-life example: Support Vector Machines (SVMs), one of the classic ML algorithms, rely entirely on optimization to find the best decision boundary between two classes. Without optimization, the algorithm wouldnโt know which boundary is the โbest.โ
5. Discrete Math and Logic: The Algorithmic Backbone
Though sometimes overlooked, discrete mathematics provides the foundation for algorithms and data structures โ both critical in machine learning. Concepts like sets, combinatorics, and graph theory help us design efficient models and handle structured data.
Real-life example: Decision trees, widely used in machine learning, depend heavily on concepts from discrete math. They split data based on logical conditions and count possible outcomes โ exactly the kind of reasoning that discrete math teaches.
How to Learn Efficiently
Start small, but stay consistent. Pick one math topic and dedicate short daily sessions to it.
Apply while you learn. Donโt study math in isolation. Code small ML models in Python to see concepts like gradients or matrices in action.
Use visual resources. Channels like 3Blue1Brown make abstract concepts like eigenvectors and gradient descent easy to grasp visually.
Practice problems. Work through exercises, not just theory. Solving problems cements your understanding.
Conclusion
You donโt need to be a mathematician to succeed in machine learning, but you do need the right mathematical foundations. Focus on linear algebra for data representation, calculus for learning dynamics, probability and statistics for handling uncertainty, optimization for model improvement, and discrete math for algorithmic thinking. When you learn these topics gradually and connect them to coding practice, math stops being an obstacle and becomes your greatest ally in building powerful machine learning models.
In 2025, Artificial Intelligence is no longer just a buzzwordโitโs a goldmine for career growth. Companies across tech, finance, healthcare, and even creative industries are willing to pay $120K to $200K+ for professionals with the right AI skills. But hereโs the truth: having just AI knowledge isnโt enough. Employers want proof you can apply itโand thatโs where top-tier AI certifications come in.
These credentials not only validate your expertise but also give you a competitive edge in a job market thatโs moving faster than ever. In this article, weโll break down the best AI certifications to land you a high-paying role in 2025, plus real-world salary examples to show their impact.
1. Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer
1. Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer
Why Itโs Worth It: Offered by Google Cloud, this certification focuses on designing, building, and deploying ML models at scale. Itโs highly respected because it tests your real-world problem-solving skills, not just theory.
Average Salary: $150Kโ$180K+ Key Skills Covered:
ML pipeline design and optimization
Google Cloud AI tools (Vertex AI, BigQuery ML)
Model deployment and monitoring
Example: A certified ML engineer at a fintech startup earned a $40K raise within six months after getting this credential.
2. Microsoft Certified: Azure AI Engineer Associate
Why Itโs Worth It: Microsoftโs Azure platform powers thousands of AI-driven applications worldwide. This certification ensures you can design AI solutions using Azure Cognitive Services, Language Understanding (LUIS), and Computer Vision.
Average Salary: $140Kโ$165K+ Key Skills Covered:
Building chatbots and NLP models
Deploying AI solutions in the cloud
Integrating AI with enterprise apps
Example: A mid-level developer transitioned into an AI engineer role with a $30K salary jump after earning this cert.
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3. IBM AI Engineering Professional Certificate (Coursera)
Why Itโs Worth It: A beginner-to-intermediate track thatโs perfect if you want hands-on exposure to AI and ML using Python, Scikit-learn, and TensorFlow. Recognized globally due to IBMโs brand reputation.
Average Salary: $120Kโ$150K+ Key Skills Covered:
Machine learning fundamentals
Deep learning with Keras and PyTorch
AI application deployment
Example: A data analyst used this cert to switch to AI project management, boosting income by 45%.
4. AWS Certified Machine Learning โ Specialty
Why Itโs Worth It: Amazon Web Services dominates the cloud market, and this certification proves you can build and deploy ML models using AWS SageMaker, Rekognition, and Comprehend.
Average Salary: $155Kโ$200K+ Key Skills Covered:
Data engineering for ML
Model training and tuning
AI-driven automation
Example: A senior developer became a cloud AI consultant post-certification and now bills $150/hour.
Why Itโs Worth It: Taught by Andrew Ng, this program is a global benchmark for AI education. While not a โvendorโ certification, it opens doors to research and product innovation roles.
Average Salary: $140Kโ$175K+ Key Skills Covered:
Core ML algorithms
Neural networks
Real-world AI deployment strategies
Example: A startup co-founder used this credential to attract investors by showcasing technical credibility.
Pro Tips for Choosing the Right Certification
Match with your career goal: Cloud AI certs (AWS, Azure, Google) are great for deployment-heavy roles, while academic certs (Stanford, IBM) suit research or product innovation paths.
Check employer demand: Use LinkedIn or Indeed to see which certifications appear most in job postings.
Leverage your background: If you already know Python and data analysis, go for intermediate/advanced tracks; beginners should start with foundational certs.
Conclusion
AI is not just the futureโitโs the present. With the right certification, you can break into a high-paying career, shift to a more in-demand role, or even launch your own AI-powered startup. The key is choosing a certification that aligns with your skills and ambitions, then applying it to solve real-world problems.
Your next step? Pick one of the certifications above, commit to the training, and let 2025 be the year your career skyrockets.
AI Certification Comparison Table (2025)
Certification
Provider
Cost (Approx.)
Duration
Key Skills
Avg. Salary After Completion
Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer
Google Cloud
$200 USD (exam fee)
3โ6 months prep
ML pipeline design, Google Cloud AI tools, deployment
$150Kโ$180K+
Microsoft Certified: Azure AI Engineer Associate
Microsoft
$165 USD (exam fee)
2โ4 months prep
Azure Cognitive Services, NLP, Computer Vision
$140Kโ$165K+
IBM AI Engineering Professional Certificate
IBM (via Coursera)
$39/month subscription
4โ6 months
Python, Deep Learning, Scikit-learn, PyTorch
$120Kโ$150K+
AWS Certified Machine Learning โ Specialty
Amazon Web Services
$300 USD (exam fee)
4โ7 months prep
AWS SageMaker, AI-driven automation, model tuning
$155Kโ$200K+
Machine Learning Specialization
Stanford University (Andrew Ng)
$79/month (Coursera)
3โ5 months
Core ML algorithms, neural networks, real-world AI
If you’ve ever stared at rows of messy data in a CSV file and felt overwhelmed, youโre not alone. Like many newcomers to data analysis, I once struggled with cleaning, transforming, and analyzing datasetsโuntil I discovered the true power of Pandas, Pythonโs go-to data manipulation library. In this article, Iโll walk you through the data workflow I wish I had known when I first started. Whether you’re a beginner or someone whoโs used Pandas but still feels stuck, this guide will make your data tasks smoother and more intuitive.
1. Start with the Right Mindset: Think in DataFrames
When I first learned Pandas, I treated it like a spreadsheet with some coding on top. Big mistake. I would manipulate lists or dictionaries and use Pandas only occasionally. It wasnโt until I fully embraced the DataFrame as my primary data structure that things started making sense.
The moment everything clicked was when I started thinking in DataFramesโas in, blocks of data that you manipulate with chainable methods. Imagine each operation as a transformation on a flowing river of data, rather than discrete manual edits. This mental shift makes complex operations easier to reason through and structure logically.
Pro Tip: Always load your data into a DataFrame, not a list, dict, or array, unless you absolutely have to.
2. Cleaning is Not Optional (But It’s Easier Than You Think)
Data rarely comes clean. It usually arrives with missing values, duplicates, inconsistent types, or poorly named columns. If you skip this step, you’ll run into problems down the line when performing analysis.
The workflow I now follow (and recommend) is:
Check data types to understand what you’re dealing with
Handle missing values to prevent errors
Remove duplicates to avoid skewed results
Normalize column names for readability and easier access
Pandas makes this easy and consistent, especially once you get familiar with the basic syntax.
These simple commands can clean up even the messiest CSV files.
3. Use Chaining for Readable, Efficient Code3. Use Chaining for Readable, Efficient Code
Instead of assigning intermediate results to new variables and cluttering your notebook or script, Pandas allows for method chaining. This style improves both readability and maintainability of your code.
When you chain methods, each step is like a filter or transformer in a pipeline. You can clearly see whatโs happening to the data at each point. It reduces the cognitive load and removes the need for multiple temporary variables.
By chaining, your logic stays close together and easy to trace.
4. Master the Power Trio: groupby(), agg(), and pivot_table()
Once your data is clean, analysis becomes a breeze if you master these three powerful tools: groupby(), agg(), and pivot_table(). They are the backbone of summary statistics, trend spotting, and dimensional analysis.
GroupBy lets you split your data into groups and apply computations on each group.
Agg lets you define multiple aggregation functions like sum, mean, count, etc.
Pivot tables reshape your data for cross-comparisons across categories.
These are key steps to go from raw data to valuable insight.
Youโll use these in nearly every project, so itโs worth getting comfortable with them early.
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5. Visualize Early, Not Late
Pandas integrates smoothly with Matplotlib and Seaborn, two of the most popular Python plotting libraries. Rather than waiting until the end of your analysis, it’s often smarter to visualize as you go.
Early plotting helps catch outliers, understand distributions, and spot anomalies or trends. You donโt need fancy dashboardsโeven a simple histogram or line chart can provide key insights that numbers alone canโt.
Making visualization part of your standard workflow will greatly improve your understanding of the data.
6. Export Your Final Output Like a Pro
After cleaning, analyzing, and visualizing your data, you need to share or store the results. Pandas makes it effortless to export your DataFrame in various formats.
Exporting your data isnโt just about saving your workโitโs about creating reusable, shareable assets for collaborators or clients. Whether it’s a clean CSV or a styled Excel file, always include this final step.
Donโt let your insights live only in your notebookโget them out there.
7. Automate Repetitive Tasks
If you notice you’re repeating the same steps across projects or datasets, itโs time to automate. This can be as simple as creating a reusable function or as advanced as building an entire pipeline script.
Functions help encapsulate logic and make your code modular. It also makes onboarding easier when sharing your work with teammates or revisiting it months later.
Start small, and automate more as you go.
Conclusion: Pandas Is a Superpower, Once You Master the Flow
At first, Pandas felt clunky to meโtoo many functions, too many options. But once I embraced the data workflow mindsetโclean, chain, group, visualize, exportโit all made sense.
If youโre new to Pandas, donโt try to memorize every method. Instead, focus on the workflow. Build your foundation around practical tasks, and Pandas will become your favorite tool in no time.
As a Python developer, I used to pride myself on writing everything from scratch. Whether it was a quick script to clean a dataset or a complex automation workflow, I found joy in crafting each line of code myself. But over time, I realized that reinvention isnโt always smart โ especially when the Python ecosystem offers libraries so powerful and polished, they simply outshine any homegrown solution. Here are the eight libraries that made me retire my own scripts.
1. Pandasโ My Go-To Data Wrangler
I used to write long, clunky loops to clean and manipulate CSV files. Then I discovered Pandas. With one-liners like df.dropna() or df.groupby(), I was doing in seconds what used to take hours. Whether I’m merging datasets or reshaping tables, Pandas has become my Swiss Army knife for data.
Before Pandas: 50 lines of nested loops After Pandas: 3 lines of elegance
2. BeautifulSoup โ No More Manual HTML Parsing
Scraping the web used to be a nightmare of regex and fragile string manipulation. BeautifulSoup changed that. With its intuitive syntax, parsing HTML and XML now feels like reading a book. I stopped worrying about malformed tags and started focusing on insights.
That one line replaced dozens of lines of messy parsing logic.
3. Requests โ The End of urllib Torture
Ever tried to use urllib.request? I did โ once. Then I met Requests. It made HTTP calls human-friendly. With simple methods like .get() and .post(), Requests reads like plain English. I no longer need to wrestle with headers, sessions, or cookies on my own.
It just works. Every time.
4. Typer โ Command-Line Interfaces Without the Pain
For CLI tools, I used to rely on argparse. It worked, but the syntax was verbose. Typer changed my world. Built on top of Click, it lets me build rich CLI apps using Python type hints. It’s intuitive, readable, and scalable โ even for complex tools.
With Typer, I shipped tools 3x faster.
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5. OpenPyXL โ Automating Excel the Right Way
I once wrote a monstrous VBA script to generate Excel reports. That ended the day I found OpenPyXL. It lets me create, read, and edit .xlsx files natively in Python. I can style cells, create charts, and update formulas without opening Excel.
Excel automation is now just another Python script โ no macros, no drama.
6. Rich โ Console Output That Makes Me Look Good
Debugging output and CLI logs were always boring, until I started using Rich. This library transformed my terminal output into a colorful, styled experience with progress bars, tables, markdown, and even live updates.
Rich made my tools feel like apps, not scripts.
7. Schedule โ Human-Readable Task Scheduling
Instead of writing cron jobs or manually handling datetime logic, I now use schedule. It lets me define jobs in a language that almost reads like English.
Itโs like having a built-in personal assistant for Python.
8. PyAutoGUI โ The End of Repetitive Clicks
I once wrote scripts to automate workflows in specific apps, relying on API access (if available). But many apps donโt have APIs. Thatโs where PyAutoGUI comes in. It controls the mouse, keyboard, and screen like a robot assistant.
Iโve used it to batch-edit images, generate reports, and even auto-fill web forms โ no backend access required.
Final Thoughts: Stop Reinventing, Start Reusing
Thereโs pride in writing original code. But thereโs power in knowing when not to. These libraries saved me hours of frustration, reduced bugs, and supercharged my productivity. If youโre still writing your own scripts for tasks that are already solved โ maybe itโs time to stop.
Let Pythonโs ecosystem do the heavy lifting. Youโve got better things to build.
In the age of information, data science has quietly transformed from a buzzword to a secret weapon behind every great customer experience. Companies today donโt just rely on good training and courteous staff โ they also lean heavily on the silent force of algorithms and predictive models that keep their customer support running like a well-oiled machine.
So, whatโs the hidden magic that makes data science so powerful in this space? Letโs break it down.
Turning Conversations Into Insights
Every chat message, support ticket, or phone call holds a wealth of information. Traditionally, companies would handle these one by one, reactively solving issues. But modern customer support teams harness data science to process thousands โ even millions โ of interactions and distill them into meaningful trends.
By applying natural language processing (NLP), support teams can analyze what customers are talking about in real-time: Are there recurring complaints? Where are customers getting stuck? What product features are confusing?
This insight doesnโt just help solve individual cases faster โ it feeds back into product improvements, FAQ updates, and proactive outreach that stops problems before they spread.
Predicting Problems Before They Happen
One of the secret superpowers of data science is prediction. By analyzing historical patterns, machine learning models can flag customers who are likely to churn, escalate, or leave a bad review.
Imagine knowing which users will probably run into payment errors or shipping delays โ and reaching out with helpful guidance before they even file a ticket. Thatโs the next level of support.
Big companies like Amazon, Netflix, and telecom giants have invested millions in this approach โ but the same technology is becoming accessible for small businesses through SaaS platforms and affordable AI tools.
Automating the Repetitive, Empowering the Human
Not all support interactions need a human agent. Bots powered by data science handle routine questions 24/7: order tracking, password resets, account updates. These AI assistants learn from massive datasets to answer with near-human fluency โ but the real magic is that they free up human agents for high-value conversations that require empathy and nuanced judgment.
This hybrid approach means customers get faster replies for simple requests and more personalized help for complex ones โ a win-win for satisfaction and operational costs.
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Personalization at Scale
Data science also powers personalization. With the right models, a support team can instantly pull up a customerโs past purchases, preferences, and issues โ and tailor the conversation accordingly.
Instead of asking a customer to repeat their story for the fifth time, the agent (or the AI) knows exactly what they bought, when they called last, and what solutions worked before. This level of context not only saves time but builds trust.
Real-Time Performance Tuning
Support managers used to rely on static reports โ now, live dashboards powered by data analytics track agent performance, ticket volumes, resolution times, and customer sentiment in real-time.
This visibility lets teams spot bottlenecks as they happen, shift resources quickly, and reward top performers. Data-driven coaching has become the norm, not the exception.
Final Thoughts: The Silent Advantage
When done right, customers never even notice the data science humming in the background โ they just feel heard, understood, and helped.
For businesses, the ROI is clear: fewer support costs, happier customers, and a constant stream of insights to improve products and services. The secret power of data science in customer support isnโt about replacing people โ itโs about making them smarter, faster, and better equipped to deliver experiences that keep customers coming back.
In todayโs world, Artificial Intelligence feels like an unavoidable buzzword โ and with good reason. Itโs transforming industries, reshaping how we work, and opening up opportunities that didnโt exist a decade ago. Naturally, thousands of eager learners flock to online AI courses hoping to become AI experts overnight. But hereโs the uncomfortable truth: jumping from one random course to another often leaves you with shallow, disconnected knowledge and no real ability to solve real-world problems.
Too many people buy yet another course, hoping this one will finally โclick.โ They skim through a few video lessons, copy some code snippets, maybe run a basic neural network โ but when it comes time to build something meaningful or troubleshoot an issue, they feel completely lost. Thatโs because real understanding doesnโt come from binge-watching lectures. It comes from deliberate, structured learning โ and for that, you still canโt beat good books.
Why Random Courses Are Failing You
Itโs not that online courses are bad. Many are well-produced and taught by experts. But when you hop from one to the next without a plan, youโre patching together fragments of knowledge with no strong foundation underneath. You might learn to run someone elseโs code โ but do you really understand why it works? Could you adapt it to a new problem? Could you explain it to someone else?
This shallow learning leaves you vulnerable. The field of AI evolves quickly, and tools and libraries change all the time. If you donโt understand the core principles, youโll constantly feel like youโre playing catch-up โ and sooner or later, youโll burn out or give up altogether.
Books force you to slow down. They take you deeper than any 3-hour video course ever will. When you work through a book โ with a pen, paper, and plenty of time to think โ you build a mental framework that helps you connect ideas, question assumptions, and truly own what you learn.
The Books That Will Make You Truly Understand AI
So, if youโre ready to ditch the random course cycle, here are a few books that can build your AI knowledge from the ground up and make you a better practitioner for years to come.
1. โPattern Recognition and Machine Learningโ by Christopher M. Bishop
This book is a heavyweight classic for a reason. Itโs not an easy read โ but it lays out the mathematical and statistical foundations that power modern machine learning. Expect to revisit your linear algebra and probability knowledge. Work through the derivations. Try to implement the algorithms from scratch. By the time youโre done, youโll see behind the curtain of so many โblack boxโ models you find online.
2. โDeep Learningโ by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville
Think of this book as your deep dive into the world of neural networks and modern AI systems. It explains the mechanics behind deep learning architectures, why they work, where they fail, and how to build better models. If you want to understand how the tools like TensorFlow or PyTorch are built โ not just how to call their functions โ this is your map.
3. โArtificial Intelligence: A Modern Approachโ by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig
This is the standard textbook in university-level AI courses. It doesnโt just cover machine learning โ it explores the entire landscape of AI, including logic, planning, knowledge representation, robotics, and even the philosophical questions we face when building intelligent machines. Itโs a book that broadens your view and shows you that AI is more than just training models.
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4. โThe Hundred-Page Machine Learning Bookโ by Andriy Burkov
If Bishopโs and Goodfellowโs tomes feel intimidating, this book is a perfect starting point. It condenses core ML concepts into a readable, concise format. You wonโt master every detail from it alone, but itโs excellent for building a mental map before you go deeper โ or for refreshing key ideas when you need a quick reference.
5. โYou Look Like a Thing and I Love Youโ by Janelle Shane
Learning AI isnโt only about equations and algorithms โ itโs also about understanding its quirks and limitations. This book is a witty, accessible look at how AI works (and fails) in the real world, through hilarious experiments and relatable explanations. It reminds you not to take every AI claim at face value, and gives you a healthy sense of skepticism โ an essential trait for any serious AI learner.
How to Make the Most of These Books
Donโt treat these books like bedtime reading. Slow down. Take notes. Highlight passages. Rework the math by hand. Build small projects to test the theories you read about. The goal isnโt just to finish the book โ itโs to absorb it so well that you can explain what you learned to someone else.
When you do need a course โ and sometimes you will โ youโll approach it with intention. Youโll know exactly what you want to learn: a specific framework, tool, or implementation detail. That way, the course becomes a practical supplement, not your only source of truth.
Build a Knowledge Foundation That Lasts
The tech world is full of shiny tools and short-lived trends, but the principles that power AI โ probability, statistics, optimization, and logic โ donโt go out of style. If you build your learning on a solid foundation, youโll always be able to pick up new skills, adapt to changing tools, and stay ahead of the hype.
So next time youโre tempted to buy yet another AI crash course, pause. Pick up a good book instead. Make some coffee, find a quiet place, and give yourself permission to dig deep. Your future self โ the one solving real-world AI problems with confidence โ will thank you.
The data science job market is booming, but so is the competition. Companies want data scientists who are not just technically strong, but also able to communicate insights and solve real problems. To stand out, you need to understand what employers value most. Technical skills, soft skills, and industry-specific knowledge all play an important role.
Build a Strong Portfolio
One of the best ways to get noticed is to have a portfolio that proves what you can do. Donโt rely only on your resume. Create a portfolio website where you showcase your projects. Include case studies, GitHub repositories, and even visual dashboards if possible. Make sure each project tells a clear story โ what was the problem, what data did you use, how did you solve it, and what impact did it have?
Master the Essential Tools
Recruiters expect you to know popular tools and programming languages like Python, R, SQL, and frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch for machine learning. But beyond just listing them, show that youโve applied them. For example, share a project where you used Python for web scraping or R for statistical analysis. This practical application makes your skills credible.
Develop Soft Skills
Technical skills alone wonโt guarantee you a job. Companies love data scientists who can explain complex findings in simple terms, work well in teams, and communicate with non-technical stakeholders. Practice storytelling with data โ try presenting your projects in videos or blog posts. It shows you know how to translate data into decisions.
Gain Real-World Experience
If youโre just starting out, internships, volunteering, or freelancing can make a huge difference. Contribute to open-source data science projects or participate in hackathons. These experiences help you learn teamwork, solve real-world problems, and make connections in the field.
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Network Like a Pro
Donโt underestimate the power of networking. Attend data science meetups, webinars, and conferences. Engage in online communities like LinkedIn groups or Kaggle forums. Many opportunities come through word of mouth, so let people know youโre looking and ready.
Tailor Every Application
Customize your resume and cover letter for each job. Highlight the skills and projects that match the job description. Use keywords that recruiters use. This small effort can help your application pass automated screening tools and reach a real human.
Keep Learning
The field of data science evolves fast. Stay updated by taking new courses, earning certifications, or learning emerging tools and trends. Showing that youโre committed to growth makes you a stronger candidate.
Final Thoughts
Standing out in the data science job market is about more than just technical skills. Build a portfolio that proves your abilities, develop your communication skills, gain experience, and make real connections. If you do this consistently, youโll position yourself ahead of the competition.
Freelance software development remains one of the most practical and flexible ways to earn money with coding skills. As a freelancer, you have the freedom to choose your clients, negotiate your rates, and decide which projects align with your interests and skill level. Many freelancers start small, working on simple website projects, bug fixes, or feature enhancements, and gradually move on to larger, higher-paying contracts as their reputation grows. Platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and Toptal make it easier than ever to connect with clients worldwide who need everything from full-stack web development to custom mobile apps and automation scripts. While freelancing demands good communication skills, time management, and the ability to deliver clean, maintainable code on time, it also builds your portfolio, widens your network, and provides a constant flow of diverse challenges that help you grow technically and professionally. Whether you do it as a side hustle or a full-time business, freelancing gives you the freedom to earn on your own terms.
Example 1: Build a custom WordPress website for a local business.
Example 2: Develop a mobile app for a startup looking to launch an MVP (Minimum Viable Product).
Example 3: Offer bug fixing or code optimization services on platforms like Upwork or Fiverr.
2. Create and Sell Digital Products
Building and selling digital products is one of the most scalable ways to make money with coding. Unlike freelancing, where you trade time for money, digital products can generate passive income for years after you create them. Coders often build plugins, SaaS tools, website themes, or automation scripts that solve a common problem for a niche audience. Once your product is built, you can sell it on marketplaces or directly through your own website, and focus on marketing and support instead of constantly coding new projects from scratch. Many developers find success by listening to user feedback and continually improving their product, which keeps customers happy and attracts new buyers. This approach demands upfront effort, but the long-term reward is the possibility of recurring revenue streams without needing to negotiate with new clients for every dollar you earn.
Example 1: Design a Shopify theme and sell it on the Shopify Theme Store.
Example 2: Develop a time-tracking app and offer it as a subscription service.
Example 3: Build and sell custom scripts or automation tools for repetitive tasks.
3. Teach Coding Online
Sharing your coding knowledge through teaching is another powerful way to earn an income. If you enjoy explaining technical ideas in simple, clear ways, you can turn that skill into online courses, video tutorials, ebooks, or even live one-on-one lessons. Many beginners are willing to pay for well-organized, structured learning experiences rather than piecing together free resources. Platforms like Udemy, Skillshare, and Teachable allow you to create courses once and earn passive income every time someone enrolls. You could also offer personalized tutoring sessions, webinars, or coding bootcamps for those who prefer interactive learning. Teaching not only generates income but also strengthens your own understanding of programming, keeps you up-to-date with new technologies, and builds a personal brand as an expert in your field.
Example 1: Launch a Udemy course about building REST APIs with Node.js.
Example 2: Write an ebook that explains JavaScript for absolute beginners.
Example 3: Offer private tutoring sessions through a platform like Superprof or Wyzant.
4. Work Remotely for Companies
Remote work has transformed the job market for coders, offering stable income, benefits, and a steady flow of projects โ all without being tied to a physical office. Companies around the world increasingly hire developers who can work from anywhere, which gives you the freedom to choose employers that align with your values and interests. Working remotely means you can collaborate with global teams, contribute to large-scale projects, and build long-term relationships that grow your skills and professional network. Many remote developers find opportunities in areas like web development, cloud services, mobile apps, and backend infrastructure. This route is ideal if you prefer the stability of a salary and a team environment over managing your own clients.
Example 1: Get hired as a front-end developer for a SaaS company.
Example 2: Work as a backend engineer maintaining cloud services.
Example 3: Join a remote team as a full-stack developer building web platforms.
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5. Build and Monetize a Blog or YouTube Channel
If you enjoy creating content and helping others learn, you can build an audience by sharing your coding insights for free โ then earn money through monetization. Many successful developers run blogs or YouTube channels where they post tutorials, deep dives, or personal experiences about the tech industry. Once you grow a loyal audience, you can monetize through ads, sponsorships, or affiliate marketing, recommending tools and services that you genuinely use. Though it takes time and consistency to build trust and attract viewers or readers, the long-term benefit is that your content can generate passive income while also boosting your reputation and opening up new career or business opportunities.
Example 1: Write detailed tutorials on your blog and earn through ad revenue and affiliate links.
Example 2: Create coding tutorial videos on YouTube and join the YouTube Partner Program.
Example 3: Partner with tech companies to sponsor your content and promote their tools.
6. Contribute to Open Source and Get Sponsorships
Open-source development is more than just a way to give back to the community โ it can also become a revenue stream if you build something useful enough to attract sponsorships or donations. Many developers maintain open-source libraries, frameworks, or tools that others rely on for their own work. As your project grows in popularity, companies and individuals may sponsor you to keep the project maintained and secure. Platforms like GitHub Sponsors, Patreon, or Buy Me a Coffee make it simple for supporters to contribute financially. Some developers also offer premium add-ons, consulting, or custom integrations around their open-source projects, creating even more ways to generate income while keeping the core product free for the community.
Example 1: Develop a popular JavaScript library and get sponsorship from companies using it.
Example 2: Maintain a free tool for developers and receive donations via Buy Me a Coffee.
Example 3: Offer premium support or custom add-ons for your open-source software.
7. Develop Mobile Apps and Games
Creating your own mobile apps or games gives you the chance to earn money while exercising full creative control over what you build. Many successful indie developers design simple, addictive apps that solve a specific need or entertain users. Once published on app stores like Google Play or the Apple App Store, your app can earn money through paid downloads, ads, or in-app purchases. While the competition is fierce, the low cost of publishing and the massive user base of smartphones worldwide make it an attractive option for coders who want to build something of their own. Continuous updates, user feedback, and good marketing are essential to stand out and keep your app relevant.
Example 1: Create a simple productivity app and charge a small one-time fee.
Example 2: Build a casual game and earn revenue from in-game ads.
Example 3: Offer premium features via subscriptions within your app.
8. Automate Business Solutions for Clients
Automation is a goldmine for coders who understand how to connect tools, build scripts, or develop bots that save time and money. Many small and medium-sized businesses are eager to pay developers who can automate repetitive tasks like data entry, reporting, customer service, or marketing processes. With the growing use of APIs and cloud services, the demand for tailored automation solutions keeps increasing. Coders who specialize in automation often find themselves in high demand because they directly help clients increase efficiency and profits, which makes their services valuable and justifies premium rates.
Example 1: Develop a custom Python script to automate report generation for an e-commerce company.
Example 2: Create a chatbot that handles customer support on a clientโs website.
Example 3: Integrate multiple web services to automate tasks like lead generation and email marketing.
Final Thoughts
The beauty of coding lies in its endless flexibility. Whether you want to build your own product, teach others, create content, freelance, or solve problems for clients, your skills can be turned into income streams that match your interests and lifestyle. The key is to experiment, stay curious, and keep adding value โ because when you do, the opportunities to earn will keep growing alongside your skills.
In recent years, the explosion of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Codex has dramatically changed how developers write and interact with code. These models, trained on vast datasets of code and natural language, can now generate entire programs or solve complex problems from simple prompts. But as their use becomes more widespread, a new question arisesโhow can one tell if a piece of Python code was written by a human developer or by an LLM? While these models are capable and often indistinguishable from seasoned coders at first glance, there are still telltale signs in the structure, style, and logic of the code that can betray its machine origin.
1. Overuse of Comments and Literal Explanations
One of the clearest signs that code may have been written by an LLM is the excessive use of comments. LLMs tend to document every single step of the code, often restating the obvious. You might see comments like # create a variable right before x = 5, or # return the result before a return statement. While documentation is a good practice, this level of verbosity is uncommon among experienced human developers, who typically write comments only where context or reasoning isnโt immediately clear from the code. LLMs, however, are optimized to โexplainโ and โteachโ in natural language, often mirroring tutorial-like patterns.
2. Redundant or Overly Generic Variable Names
LLMs often default to safe, generic naming conventions like data, result, temp, or value, even when more meaningful names would make the code clearer. For instance, in a function analyzing user behavior, a human might use click_rate or session_length, whereas an LLM might stick with data and metric. This genericity stems from the modelโs tendency to avoid assumptions, which leads it to play things conservatively unless explicitly instructed otherwise. While not definitive on its own, consistent blandness in namingโespecially when better domain-specific choices are obviousโcan be a strong clue.
3. Consistently Clean Formatting and Structure
LLMs are extremely consistent when it comes to code formatting. Indentation is uniform, line lengths are well-managed, and spacing tends to follow PEP8 recommendations almost religiously. While this sounds like a positive trait, it can actually be a subtle giveaway. Human-written code, especially in informal or prototyping contexts, often has minor inconsistenciesโa missed blank line here, an overly long function elsewhere, or slightly inconsistent docstring formatting. LLMs donโt โget tiredโ or โsloppyโ; their outputs are unusually tidy unless prompted otherwise.
4. Over-Engineering Simple Tasks
Sometimes, LLMs will take a simple problem and solve it in an unnecessarily complex way. For example, a human might write if item in list: but an LLM might create a loop and check for membership manuallyโespecially in more open-ended prompts. This stems from their broad training base, where theyโve โseenโ many ways to solve similar problems and might overfit to more generic patterns. This complexity isnโt always wrong, but itโs often not how a developer whoโs experienced in Python would approach the problem.
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5. Inclusion of Edge Case Handling Without Necessity
LLMs often include edge case handling even when it might not be strictly necessary. For instance, in code that processes input from a clearly defined dataset, an LLM might still add checks like if input is None: or if len(array) == 0:. This behavior reflects the LLMโs bias toward generality and safetyโit doesn’t know the constraints of the data unless told explicitly, so it preemptively includes protective logic. A human who understands the context may skip such checks for brevity or efficiency.
6. Code That Looks โToo Tutorial-Likeโ
LLM-generated code often mimics the tone and structure of programming tutorials or documentation examples.
You may see a main function with an if __name__ == "__main__": block in a script that doesnโt need it. Or functions may be more modular than necessary for the size of the task. These are patterns picked up from countless educational resources the LLM has trained on. Humans often write messier, more pragmatic code in real-world settingsโespecially when prototyping or exploring.
7. A Lack of Personal or Contextual Style
Every developer develops their own subtle fingerprint over timeโa preference for certain idioms, naming schemes, or even whimsical variable names. LLMs, on the other hand, generate code that feels neutral and impersonal. You wonโt see inside jokes in function names or highly specialized abbreviations unless prompted. The code is highly readable, but it lacks personality. While this trait can vary depending on the prompt and model temperature, itโs often noticeable in large enough codebases.
8. Uniformly Optimistic Coding Style
Finally, LLM-generated Python code often assumes a โhappy pathโ execution style while simultaneously including some error handling. It tends to avoid more nuanced debugging strategies like logging to files, raising specific exceptions, or using breakpoint tools. This results in code that feels clean but sometimes lacks the depth of error-tracing and robustness that seasoned developers build into systems through experience and iteration.
Conclusion: Recognizing the Machine Signature
As LLMs continue to evolve and improve, the line between human- and machine-written code will become increasingly blurred. However, by paying attention to stylistic choices, verbosity, naming conventions, and structural tendencies, you can still often spot the subtle clues of an LLMโs hand in a Python script. These differences arenโt inherently badโin fact, LLMs can write very high-quality, maintainable codeโbut recognizing their style is useful for educators, code reviewers, and developers working in collaborative environments where transparency about tooling is important. In the future, detecting LLM-generated code may become even more critical as we navigate the ethics and implications of AI-assisted development.
Introduction: Turning Knowledge Into a Scalable Resource
In the fast-paced world of data analytics, tools, templates, and shortcuts can make the difference between working efficiently and drowning in spreadsheets. Like many data analysts, I found myself repeatedly building similar dashboards, queries, and reports for different clients or projects. It occurred to meโwhat if I could transform my repeatable processes and best practices into a single, powerful resource pack that others could benefit from?
Thus began the journey of creating my Data Analytics Resource Packโa comprehensive, plug-and-play collection of tools, templates, and guides designed for analysts, students, and businesses alike. But creating it was more than just compiling files. It required strategic thinking, user research, and iteration. And the payoff? It sells consistently and is now a trusted toolset in the community.
Identifying the Need: What Analysts Were Missing
Before building anything, I asked myself a key question: โWhat are the biggest pain points for new and intermediate data analysts?โ To answer that, I reviewed forum discussions, surveyed LinkedIn connections, and read countless Reddit threads in r/dataanalysis and r/datascience.
Common struggles I identified:
Lack of reusable, customizable Excel/Google Sheets dashboards
Confusion over structuring SQL queries efficiently
Inconsistency in visual reporting in tools like Power BI or Tableau
Poor understanding of KPI frameworks in business contexts
Too much time spent writing documentation and metadata tables manually
These insights shaped the skeleton of my resource pack. The goal was to eliminate redundancy and standardize efficiency.
Building the Pack: From Raw Ideas to Organized Assets
Once I defined the needs, I began creating assets under four key categories:
SQL & Query Optimization Templates I included frequently used query patterns (JOINs, window functions, date aggregations) with business case examples, like tracking customer churn or inventory turnover. Interactive Example: I embedded a Google Colab notebook that lets users run and tweak SQL code using SQLite in-browser.
Excel & Google Sheets Dashboards These templates covered marketing funnels, financial KPIs, and A/B test tracking. Each came with dropdown filters, conditional formatting, and slicers. Interactive Example: A pre-linked Google Sheet with editable fields that users could copy and test instantly.
Power BI / Tableau Starter Kits I included pre-configured dashboards with dummy datasets for practice. These visualizations covered product analytics, customer segmentation, and real-time sales tracking. Interactive Example: A shared Tableau Public workbook embedded via iframe with interactive filters.
Documentation & Reporting Templates Analysts often overlook documentation. I created Notion-based templates for project charters, data dictionaries, and stakeholder report briefs.
By keeping the tools modular, users could pick and choose what they neededโwithout being overwhelmed.
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Packaging and Presentation: Why the Format Matters
The success of the resource pack wasnโt just about contentโit was also about how I packaged it.
File Organization: Clearly named folders with version histories, separated by tool/platform
Onboarding Guide: A 10-minute โGetting Startedโ PDF and a Loom walkthrough video
Version Control: All files hosted on Google Drive with update notifications via email list
Bonus Content: A private Notion workspace with exclusive resources, released monthly
These extras created a premium experience that made users feel supported and guided, even after purchase.
Marketing the Right Way: Why It Gained Traction
I didnโt launch with a big ad budget. Instead, I leveraged authentic sharing and educational marketing:
LinkedIn Case Studies: I wrote posts showing before-and-after examples of using the templates
Free Mini-Packs: I gave away a subset of tools in exchange for email signups
Webinars: I hosted live walkthroughs explaining how to use the pack with real datasets
Testimonials: Early users left reviews, which I featured on my site with permission
This community-first approach created a word-of-mouth loop. People began tagging me in posts, sharing my tools in Slack groups, and recommending it in bootcamp cohorts.
Why It Sells: The Value Is Clear
The resource pack continues to sell because it saves time, solves real problems, and evolves:
Time-saving: Users get instant access to what would otherwise take months to build.
Applicability: Works across industriesโfinance, marketing, logistics, and e-commerce.
Continual Updates: Subscribers know theyโll get new material every quarter.
In short, the value isnโt just the toolsโitโs the time, clarity, and confidence those tools bring.
Conclusion: Think Like a Problem Solver, Not Just an Analyst
Creating the Data Analytics Resource Pack taught me a crucial lesson: the best products emerge when you listen, simplify, and deliver with care. As data analysts, we already solve problems every day. Packaging that skill into a resource others can use is just the next step in leveraging your value.
If you’re a data analyst thinking about building a product, start by listening. Look at the questions people ask again and again. Thatโs where the opportunity lives.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into data analytics has transformed how professionals like myself work, think, and deliver results. As a data analyst, AI is not just a buzzwordโitโs an everyday assistant, decision-making partner, and a powerful tool that amplifies productivity. From data cleaning to insights generation, AI supports me at every stage of the analytical process. In this article, Iโll walk you through how AI is woven into my daily workflow and why I consider it indispensable.
Streamlining Data Cleaning with AI
One of the most time-consuming aspects of data analysis is cleaning and preparing datasets. AI tools help me automate this process significantly. For instance, I use AI-enhanced spreadsheet tools and Python libraries like Pandas AI to detect outliers, impute missing values, and suggest corrections in data formatting. Previously, these steps would require manual inspection or complex if-else logic. Now, with AI’s pattern recognition, data inconsistencies are flagged automatically, and in many cases, AI even proposes the best course of action. This allows me to focus more on analytical thinking rather than tedious preprocessing.
Enhancing Data Exploration and Pattern Detection
Once the data is clean, the next step is explorationโunderstanding the story hidden within. Here, AI shines by accelerating the discovery of correlations and anomalies. I often rely on AI-powered visualization platforms such as Power BI with Copilot or Tableauโs Ask Data feature. These tools allow me to pose natural language questions like โWhich product category had the steepest revenue decline last quarter?โ and get instant, meaningful charts in return. AI doesnโt just surface insights; it guides me to patterns I might have missed, making exploratory analysis more intuitive and less biased.
Automating Routine Reports
Every analyst knows the repetitive nature of reportingโweekly sales updates, monthly performance summaries, etc. Instead of manually generating these reports, Iโve automated them using AI-driven scheduling tools that also interpret the data. Using ChatGPT via API integration, I can automatically generate narrative explanations of KPIs and append them to dashboards. The output reads like a human-written summary, which adds context for stakeholders. This saves hours of work every week and ensures consistency and clarity in reporting.
Smarter Forecasting and Predictive Modeling
AI takes my forecasting work to a new level. Traditional statistical models like ARIMA or exponential smoothing are still valuable, but AI-based forecasting models (such as those available in Facebook Prophet or AutoML platforms) can handle more variables, detect seasonality better, and adapt to sudden changes in the data. For instance, when predicting customer churn or future demand, I use machine learning models that are enhanced with AI to automatically tune hyperparameters and evaluate multiple model types in one go. This significantly increases accuracy while reducing modeling time.
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Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Unstructured Data
A major part of modern analytics includes dealing with unstructured dataโsurvey responses, customer reviews, chat logs, etc. AI enables me to process these text-based sources through Natural Language Processing (NLP). I use tools like spaCy, OpenAIโs embeddings, and Google Cloud NLP to classify sentiment, extract keywords, and group responses by topic. This gives structure to otherwise messy data and allows me to incorporate qualitative insights into quantitative dashboardsโa powerful combination that delivers richer decision-making insights to my team.
Real-Time Data Alerts and Anomaly Detection
Rather than waiting to review data after the fact, AI empowers me to set up real-time monitoring systems. I use AI anomaly detection tools in platforms like Azure Monitor and Datadog to continuously track business metrics. If anything unusual happensโsay, a 40% drop in website conversions or an unexpected spike in cost-per-clickโI get instant alerts. These intelligent monitoring systems not only notify me, but also attempt to explain the root cause using contextual data. It turns reactive work into proactive insight.
Personal Productivity and Workflow Optimization
AI doesnโt just help with dataโit helps with my day-to-day workflow too. I use AI writing assistants like Grammarly and ChatGPT to draft emails, explain data findings to non-technical stakeholders, and even generate technical documentation. I also rely on AI calendar assistants and meeting summarizers like Otter.ai to capture meeting notes, extract action items, and keep projects organized. By offloading mundane tasks to AI, I free up time to do what really matters: thinking critically about data and translating it into impact.
Collaborating with AI as a Thought Partner
Finally, the most surprising and transformative use of AI in my day is as a thought partner. When I hit a roadblockโsay, unsure which statistical test to use or whether my data sampling approach is validโI often turn to AI tools like ChatGPT for suggestions. Itโs like brainstorming with a fast, knowledgeable colleague who can offer perspectives, generate hypotheses, or even debug my SQL queries. This collaboration doesnโt replace human judgment, but it enhances it by giving me confidence in exploring ideas more quickly.
Conclusion
The role of a data analyst is evolving fast, and AI is at the heart of that evolution. It doesnโt just make tasks fasterโit makes them smarter. From improving the quality of data to sharpening insights and increasing productivity, AI is the ultimate co-pilot in my analytical journey. Itโs not a luxury anymore; itโs a necessity. And as AI continues to improve, Iโm excited about how much more it can enhance not only my workflow but the entire field of data analytics.
The emergence of ChatGPT has revolutionized how people seek information, learn, write, and even think. With its human-like conversation abilities, it offers instant answers, well-structured essays, and creative content on demand. For students, professionals, and content creators alike, ChatGPT has become an indispensable assistant. But hidden beneath its convenience is a growing concern: what happens to the human mind when we begin outsourcing thinking, creativity, and decision-making to an artificial entity? The very tool designed to aid us might also be dulling the edge of our mental sharpness.
Mental Laziness: Erosion of Critical Thinking
One of the most alarming mental side effects of overreliance on ChatGPT is the erosion of critical thinking. In the past, finding answers required reading multiple sources, synthesizing ideas, and forming independent conclusions. Now, with one prompt and one click, users receive refined answers without effort. This shortcut bypasses the mental workout that deep thinking demands. Gradually, people may become less inclined to question, challenge, or analyzeโrelying instead on the surface-level comfort of a neatly packaged AI response. This fosters mental passivity, where users consume information without truly engaging with it.
The Illusion of Understanding: False Mastery
ChatGPT can explain complex ideas with striking clarity. While this can be a tremendous asset for learning, it also breeds a dangerous illusion: the belief that one understands something simply because it has been explained well. This cognitive shortcut can lead users to feel overconfident in their knowledge, skipping the deeper stages of inquiry and practice that true mastery requires. Over time, this can create a generation of “Google-smart” individualsโwho sound informed but lack the depth and resilience of real expertise.
Dependency and Decision Paralysis
Another underreported side effect is the growing dependency on AI to make even the simplest decisions. Should I send this email? How should I respond to this message? What should I say in this caption? When people begin turning to ChatGPT for these small, daily choices, their own decision-making muscles begin to atrophy. This breeds a kind of digital co-dependency that undermines confidence. In extreme cases, it may result in decision paralysisโwhere a person struggles to act without first consulting the AI. When intuition and self-trust weaken, even basic autonomy is compromised.
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Suppression of Creativity: Outsourcing Original Thought
Creativity thrives on ambiguity, struggle, and the messy process of trial and error. But ChatGPT offers clean, polished ideas within seconds. While this can jumpstart a creative process, it can also short-circuit it. Writers may stop brainstorming. Designers may skip sketching. Students might avoid outlining their own thoughts before generating a perfect essay. Over time, this convenience can suppress original thought. When AI-generated content becomes the default starting point, the human mind becomes reactive rather than imaginativeโlimiting innovation and originality.
Emotional Disconnection and Intellectual Isolation
An unexpected psychological effect of heavy ChatGPT use is emotional detachment. When users spend more time engaging with an AI than with real people, subtle shifts in communication patterns, empathy, and emotional awareness can occur. Human conversation is messy, nuanced, and emotionally richโqualities that AI cannot replicate. Prolonged substitution of real conversations with AI interactions may lead to a sense of emotional numbness and social withdrawal. Additionally, users may begin to internalize AI’s linguistic style, further distancing themselves from authentic self-expression.
Cognitive Offloading: The Atrophy of Memory and Learning
As with GPS reducing our ability to navigate, ChatGPT may erode our ability to retain information. When everything is a prompt away, the brain starts to offload memory and problem-solving to the machine. Why memorize facts, dates, or concepts when you can retrieve them instantly? While this might seem efficient, it comes at a cost. Cognitive offloading reduces the brainโs working memory and ability to connect ideas across time. The mental muscles required for long-term learning, recall, and synthesis begin to fade.
Conclusion: Mind the Machine
ChatGPT is a remarkable toolโcapable of expanding access to knowledge, simplifying complexity, and even boosting productivity. But when used without boundaries, it quietly reshapes how we think, learn, and relate to the world. The danger lies not in the tool itself, but in the habits it cultivates. Relying too heavily on ChatGPT can dull critical thinking, weaken creativity, and erode our mental independence. To harness its power responsibly, we must strike a balance: use it as a companion, not a crutch. Let it inform, but not replace, the vital processes of human thought.
Introduction: A Glimpse Into the Data-Driven Decade
By mid-2025, itโs hard to ignore just how central data analytics has become in shaping the modern world. Over the past decade, data has transitioned from a niche back-office function to a pillar of strategic decision-making across nearly every industry. Governments, corporations, non-profits, and startups alike have invested heavily in data infrastructure, talent, and tools to harness the predictive and diagnostic power of information. In this data-driven era, organizations that failed to embrace analytics risked irrelevance. Yet now, the conversation is beginning to shift. With the rise of automation, increasing regulatory constraints, and a maturing marketplace, many professionals and business leaders are asking a sobering question: Is the window of opportunity in data analytics starting to close? This article explores that question through the lens of innovation, labor dynamics, regulatory change, and strategic transformation.
Automation and Generative AI: Shifting the Value Proposition
One of the most significant developments reshaping data analytics in 2025 is the rise of generative AI and automated analytical tools. The introduction of large language models (LLMs), AutoML systems, and user-friendly interfaces has made it dramatically easier for non-technical users to perform complex data tasks. Business users can now query databases using natural language, generate predictive models without writing a single line of code, and visualize insights in seconds with AI-assisted dashboards. On the surface, this democratization seems like a triumphโorganizations can make data-informed decisions faster and more affordably. But this progress also raises fundamental questions about the role of the traditional data analyst. As machines increasingly handle the technical execution, the core value of the human analyst is being reevaluated. Analysts are now expected to do more than produce modelsโthey must contextualize findings, apply domain-specific judgment, and align recommendations with organizational strategy. The opportunity isnโt goneโbut itโs moving up the value chain, demanding greater business fluency and creative problem-solving from data professionals.
Talent Saturation and the Evolving Skill Landscape
Between 2015 and 2023, the exploding demand for data professionals sparked a global wave of upskilling. Universities launched new degrees, online platforms offered certification bootcamps, and employers invested in internal training. By 2025, this momentum has resulted in an abundant talent poolโespecially at the entry level. Roles that once required rare skills are now more accessible, and basic competencies in Python, SQL, and data visualization are often considered standard. As a result, competition has intensified, and salaries for junior roles have plateaued or declined in some regions. The most sought-after professionals today are not just data-literateโthey are domain experts who can speak the language of the industry they serve. For example, a data scientist with deep knowledge of supply chain operations is more valuable to a logistics company than a generalist analyst with broader but shallower capabilities. The market no longer rewards technical skills alone; instead, it favors hybrid professionals who bring cross-disciplinary insight and the ability to turn raw data into strategic intelligence.
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Regulatory Constraints and the Ethics of Data Use
As the power of data has grown, so too have the concerns around how it is collected, stored, and applied. In 2025, data privacy is no longer a peripheral issueโitโs at the heart of digital governance. Stringent regulatory frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and new legislation emerging across Asia and Latin America have fundamentally altered the landscape. Organizations must now navigate a complex web of compliance, consent, data sovereignty, and transparency. Additionally, high-profile data breaches and ethical missteps have made the public more skeptical about how their information is used. As a result, companies are increasingly investing in privacy-preserving technologies like differential privacy, federated learning, and synthetic data. This environment places new responsibilities on data professionals, who must balance analytical ambition with legal and ethical prudence. The opportunity to innovate remainsโbut it must now be done within a framework of accountability, trust, and regulatory foresight.
Organizational Maturity: From Excitement to Execution
In the early years of the data revolution, many organizations embraced analytics with a sense of experimental enthusiasm. Data teams were given free rein to explore, build models, and produce dashboardsโoften with little scrutiny over business outcomes. In 2025, that phase has largely passed. Executives are demanding clear ROI on data investments. Boards want to see how analytics drives revenue, reduces costs, or creates competitive advantage. This pressure has led to a more mature approach to data operations. Rather than treating data science as a standalone function, organizations are embedding analytics within core business unitsโensuring that insights are not only generated but also implemented. Analysts and data scientists are now working side-by-side with marketing, finance, operations, and product teams to shape initiatives and measure success. This evolution requires professionals to be as comfortable in a business meeting as they are with a Jupyter notebook. The data analytics field is not contractingโitโs consolidating into a more structured, accountable, and business-oriented discipline.
Conclusion: A Tighter Window, But a Deeper Opportunity
So, is the window of opportunity closing for data analytics in 2025? The answer depends on how you define opportunity. For those who seek easy entry and quick rewards, the landscape is indeed more challenging. The influx of talent, automation of routine tasks, and rising expectations mean that superficial skills are no longer enough. But for those willing to adapt, specialize, and deepen their impact, the opportunities are arguably greater than ever. The field is evolving from an experimental frontier to a critical enterprise function. It demands a new kind of professionalโone who can navigate technology, ethics, business, and human behavior. In that sense, the window hasnโt closedโitโs simply moved higher. Those who reach for it with a broader set of skills and a deeper understanding of context will find it still wide open.
SQL (Structured Query Language) continues to be an essential skill for data analysts, data scientists, backend developers, and database administrators. Interviewers often assess a candidateโs ability to query, manipulate, and understand data stored in relational databases. Below are ten fundamental SQL interview questions every job seeker should be prepared to solve. Each section includes a discussion of the concept behind the question and how to approach solving it.
1. Finding the Second Highest Salary
A classic question that tests both your understanding of subqueries and ordering data is: โHow do you find the second highest salary from a table named Employees with a column Salary?โ This question challenges the candidate to think beyond the basic MAX() function. The most common approach involves using a subquery to exclude the highest salary. For instance, you might write:
This SQL statement works by first retrieving the highest salary using the inner query and then selecting the next maximum value that is less than this result. Alternatively, one can use the DENSE_RANK() or ROW_NUMBER() window function to assign a rank to each salary and filter for the second position, which is often the preferred method in real-world scenarios due to better flexibility and performance on large datasets.
2. Retrieving Duplicate Records
Interviewers often want to assess your ability to detect and handle duplicates in a dataset. A common formulation is: โFind all duplicate email addresses in a Users table.โ Solving this requires knowledge of grouping and filtering. The typical solution groups by the email field and uses the HAVING clause to count occurrences greater than one:
This query groups all the rows by email and then filters out groups that appear only once, revealing only those with duplicates. Understanding how to use GROUP BY in conjunction with HAVING is crucial for this type of question, and being able to extend this to return the full duplicate rows can show deeper SQL proficiency.
3. Joining Tables to Combine Information
An essential part of SQL interviews involves joining multiple tables. One typical question might be: โList all employees and their department names from Employees and Departments tables.โ This tests your understanding of foreign keys and join operations. Assuming Employees has a DepartmentID field that relates to Departments.ID, the query would be:
This inner join ensures that only employees with a valid department ID in the Departments table are returned. Being comfortable with inner joins, left joins, and understanding when to use each is vital, as real-world databases are often normalized across many tables.
4. Aggregating Data with GROUP BY
A frequently asked question focuses on aggregation, such as: โFind the number of employees in each department.โ This requires using GROUP BY along with aggregate functions like COUNT(). The solution would look like this:
This query groups the employees by their department and counts how many belong to each. Candidates should also be prepared to join this with the Departments table if the interviewer asks for department names instead of IDs. Mastery of aggregate functions is a critical skill for reporting and dashboard development.
5. Filtering with WHERE and HAVING
Sometimes interviewers combine conditions in the WHERE and HAVING clauses to see if you can distinguish their roles. For example: โList departments having more than 10 employees and located in โNew York.โโ Here, WHERE is used for row-level filtering, and HAVING for group-level. The query would be:
This structure filters rows before aggregation and then filters groups after aggregation. Misplacing conditions (like using HAVING where WHERE should be) is a common pitfall interviewers watch for.
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6. Using CASE Statements for Conditional Logic
Another insightful question is: โWrite a query that classifies employees as โSeniorโ if their salary is above 100,000, and โJuniorโ otherwise.โ This tests the use of CASE for deriving new columns based on logic. The solution might look like this:
The CASE expression allows for readable conditional logic within SELECT statements. It’s commonly used in dashboards, reports, and when transforming raw data for business use.
7. Ranking Data with Window Functions
Advanced interviews often include questions about window functions. A common one is: โRank employees by salary within each department.โ This requires partitioning and ordering data within groups. The SQL might look like:
Window functions like RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), and ROW_NUMBER() are powerful tools for ranking and running totals. Demonstrating knowledge of PARTITION BY and ORDER BY clauses within OVER() shows a deeper understanding of SQL.
8. Finding Records Without Matches
A common real-world scenario is identifying rows that donโt have a corresponding entry in another table. A typical question might be: โFind all customers who have not placed any orders.โ This requires a LEFT JOIN with a NULL check:
This query joins the two tables and filters to find customers with no related order. It tests your understanding of outer joins and NULL handling, a frequent need in reporting and data quality checks.
9. Working with Dates and Time Ranges
Handling date-based queries is another key interview area. One question could be: โFind all orders placed in the last 30 days.โ This requires using date functions like CURRENT_DATE (or GETDATE() in some dialects):
Interviewers might follow up by asking for orders grouped by week or month, testing your knowledge of date formatting, truncation, and aggregation. Comfort with time functions is essential for real-world reporting.
10. Deleting or Updating Based on a Subquery
Finally, you might be asked to perform a DELETE or UPDATE using a condition derived from a subquery. For example: โDelete all products that were never ordered.โ This combines filtering with referential logic:
Alternatively, a more performant version might use NOT EXISTS:
This type of question ensures you understand how to manipulate data safely using subqueries and conditions.
Conclusion
Mastering these ten SQL questions is more than just interview prepโit builds a foundation for solving real-world data challenges. Whether filtering data with precision, writing complex joins, or leveraging window functions for advanced analytics, these exercises develop fluency in SQL’s powerful capabilities. To further improve, practice variations of these questions, explore optimization techniques, and always be prepared to explain the logic behind your approach during interviews.
Whether you’re a job-seeking data scientist or a software engineer expanding into AI, one challenge keeps coming up: โCan you explain how this machine learning model works?โ
Interviews are not exams โ theyโre storytelling sessions. Your technical accuracy matters, but your communication skills set you apart.
Letโs break down how to explain the core ML models so any interviewer โ technical or not โ walks away confident in your understanding.
1. Linear Regression
Goal: Predict a continuous value How to Explain: โLinear regression is like drawing the best-fit straight line through a cloud of points. It finds the line that minimizes the distance between the actual values and the predicted ones using a technique called least squares.โ
Pro Tip: Add a real-world example:
โFor example, predicting house prices based on square footage.โ
Interview bonus: Explain assumptions like linearity, homoscedasticity, and multicollinearity if prompted.
2. Logistic Regression
Goal: Predict probability (classification) How to Explain: โItโs like linear regression, but instead of predicting a number, we predict the probability that something is true โ like whether an email is spam. It uses a sigmoid function to squash the output between 0 and 1.โ
Common trap: Many confuse it with regression.
Clarify early: โDespite the name, itโs used for classification.โ
3. Decision Trees
Goal: Easy-to-interpret classification/regression How to Explain: โImagine making decisions by asking a sequence of yes/no questions โ thatโs a decision tree. It splits data based on feature values to make decisions. Each internal node is a question; each leaf is an outcome.โ
Highlight interpretability:
โThey’re great when you need to explain why a decision was made.โ
4. Random Forest
Goal: Improve accuracy, reduce overfitting How to Explain: โItโs like asking a group of decision trees and taking a majority vote (for classification) or averaging their results (for regression). Each tree is trained on a different subset of data and features.โ
Metaphor: โThink of it as crowd wisdom โ combining many simple models to make a more robust one.โ
5. Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Goal: Maximum margin classification How to Explain: โSVM tries to draw the widest possible gap (margin) between two classes. It finds the best boundary so that the closest points of each class are as far apart as possible.โ
Interview tip: โIt can also work in higher dimensions using kernels โ which helps when the data isnโt linearly separable.โ
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6. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Goal: Lazy classification based on proximity How to Explain: โKNN looks at the k closest data points to a new point and makes a decision based on the majority label. Itโs like saying: โLetโs ask the neighbors what class this belongs to.โโ
Note: โNo training phase โ it stores the training data and computes distances at prediction time.โ
7. Naive Bayes
Goal: Probabilistic classification How to Explain: โIt uses Bayesโ Theorem to predict a class, assuming all features are independent. Thatโs the naive part. Despite the simplification, it works well in text classification like spam filtering.โ
Use case: โGmail uses something similar to detect spam based on word frequencies.โ
8. Gradient Boosting (e.g., XGBoost, LightGBM)
Goal: Strong prediction from weak learners How to Explain: โGradient boosting builds models sequentially โ each new model tries to fix the errors of the previous one. Itโs like learning from mistakes in stages.โ
Why it stands out: โTheyโre often used in Kaggle competitions due to high accuracy and performance tuning.โ
9. K-Means Clustering
Goal: Group similar data points (unsupervised) How to Explain: โK-Means divides data into clusters by minimizing the distance between points and the center of each cluster. The number of clusters k is set beforehand.โ
Simplify: โItโs like putting customers into different buckets based on their purchase patterns.โ
Final Tip: Tailor to the Interview
When explaining any model, remember this simple formula:
What it does
How it works (intuitively)
When to use it
Real-world example
Letโs Discuss:
Whatโs your go-to analogy or trick when explaining ML models in interviews? Which model do you find hardest to explain clearly?
Drop your thoughts below Letโs build a library of intuitive explanations together.
The pandas library in Python provides powerful tools for data manipulation and analysis. Two of the most frequently used functions are pd.read_csv() for reading CSV files and pd.to_csv() for writing DataFrames to CSV files. While these functions are widely adopted due to their simplicity and efficiency, there are scenarios where alternatives might be preferable or even necessary. This article explores why one might avoid pd.read_csv() and pd.to_csv() and what alternative methods exist, categorized by different use cases.
Why Consider Alternatives?
Some common reasons include:
Performance issues with very large datasets.
Data stored in other formats (Excel, JSON, SQL, etc.).
Integration with cloud storage or databases.
Security or compliance constraints (e.g., encryption, access control).
Real-time or in-memory data that doesnโt involve files.
1. Alternatives to: pd.read_csv()
A. Reading from Other File Formats
a. Excel Files
b. JSON Files
c. Parquet Files (Optimized for large datasets)
d. HDF5 Format (Hierarchical Data Format)
e. SQL Databases
B. Reading from In-Memory Objects
a. Reading from a String (using io.StringIO)
b. Reading from a Byte Stream (e.g., in web APIs)
C. Reading from Cloud Storage
a. Google Cloud Storage (using gcsfs)
b. Amazon S3 (using s3fs)
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2. Alternatives to: pd.to_csv()
A. Writing to Other File Formats
a. Excel
b. JSON
c. Parquet
d. HDF5
e. SQL Databases
B. Writing to In-Memory or Networked Destinations
a. Export to a String
b. Export to Bytes (for APIs or web)
c. Save to Cloud Storage (e.g., AWS S3)
3. Alternatives Outside Pandas
If avoiding pandas entirely:
A. Use Python’s Built-in csv Module
B. Use numpy for Numeric Data
Summary Table of Alternatives
Conclusion
While pd.read_csv() and pd.to_csv() are extremely versatile, a wide range of alternatives exist to suit various needs: from handling different data formats and sources, to performance optimization and cloud integrations. By understanding the context and requirements of your data workflow, you can select the most appropriate method for reading and writing data efficiently.
Introduction: Why the Top 1% Matters Now More Than Ever
In a world flooded with dashboards, KPIs, and big data buzzwords, the role of a data analyst has become both highly coveted and oversaturated. Everyone wants to be a data analyst โ but only a select few break into the top 1%. These are the professionals who donโt just crunch numbers; they influence billion-dollar decisions, predict business outcomes before they happen, and lead teams toward data-driven innovation. The year 2025 is poised to be a turning point โ the emergence of AI, automation, and new business expectations is rapidly shifting what it means to be โgreatโ in this field. If youโre a data analyst or aspire to be one, the question is no longer โhow do I get a job?โ but rather, โhow do I become irreplaceable?โ Thatโs what this article is all about โ not surviving, but standing out.
Master the Human Side of Data Before the Technical
Most aspiring analysts obsess over tools: Python, SQL, Power BI, Tableau โ and sure, these are essential. But hereโs an overlooked truth: the top 1% analysts understand why people need data, not just how to analyze it. They listen to stakeholders with empathy, translate fuzzy business needs into clear metrics, and speak the language of decision-makers โ not just of databases. You can have the cleanest dashboards in the world, but if you canโt connect them to a business narrative or decision, your insights go unheard. In 2025, soft skills are no longer optional. Learn how to ask better questions, read between the lines of a stakeholderโs request, and communicate findings like a storyteller. Technical brilliance may get you hired, but communication excellence will make you unforgettable.
Learn Fewer Tools, but Use Them Deeper
Thereโs a growing myth in the analytics community: to be successful, you must learn every tool. One week itโs Power BI, the next itโs Looker Studio, then Snowflake, R, and even Rust. But the top 1% know that true mastery comes from depth, not breadth. They pick a few core tools โ like SQL, Python, and Power BI โ and explore them beyond surface tutorials. They learn how to write efficient queries, automate repetitive tasks, and build end-to-end reporting pipelines. They dive into advanced DAX in Power BI or build predictive models using Pythonโs scikit-learn. In 2025, companies want analysts who donโt just follow a tutorial โ they want those who can build internal frameworks, optimize performance, and create scalable solutions. Focus your time on becoming irreplaceable in your core tools, and the rest will follow.
Think Like a Product Manager, Not Just an Analyst
This might be the biggest mindset shift you need to make: stop seeing yourself as a report generator, and start thinking like a product manager. Top 1% analysts treat every dashboard like a product โ they consider the user experience, track engagement, and iterate based on feedback. They donโt just deliver a report and disappear; they build tools that evolve with the business. In 2025, data analysts who can design self-serve experiences, reduce decision latency, and champion data adoption will be in a league of their own. Ask yourself: how can I turn my dashboard into a product that people want to use every day? How can I measure its impact? This product mindset makes you more valuable than any line of code you write.
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Build a Personal Brand That Speaks Before You Do
Here’s a secret the top 1% know: your influence doesnโt begin in meetings or interviews โ it starts online. Building a personal brand as a data analyst in 2025 is not about bragging, itโs about sharing. Whether itโs on LinkedIn, Medium, or YouTube, the most respected analysts share real insights, mini case studies, tutorials, or even failures they’ve learned from. When you show your process publicly, people trust your skill before they meet you. You attract opportunities, build credibility, and join a global community. The top analysts of today didnโt wait for a company to validate them โ they published their learning journey, shared dashboards, and collaborated openly. If you want to rise to the top, donโt just level up in silence. Document your wins, your experiments, and your perspectives. The spotlight wonโt find you unless youโre visible.
Stay Ahead by Understanding the Future of Data Work
2025 is not just about better dashboards. Itโs about knowing whatโs coming โ and preparing for it. The top analysts are already exploring how AI copilots will change data analysis, how real-time data streaming will impact decision-making, and how data governance and ethics will play a central role in business trust. They understand that automation will replace repetitive tasks โ but not the analysts who think critically, explain patterns, and lead with context. To stay ahead, you must continuously ask: whatโs next? Subscribe to trends, explore new tools with curiosity, and always keep one eye on the horizon. Being among the top 1% means thinking beyond todayโs problem and anticipating tomorrowโs possibilities.
Conclusion: Letโs Talk โ Whatโs Holding You Back?
The journey to the top 1% is not linear, and it certainly isnโt easy. Itโs a combination of technical depth, business empathy, communication, and forward-thinking. But hereโs the good news โ the path is open to anyone who chooses to walk it with discipline and curiosity. Now, I want to hear from you: What do you think separates average data analysts from the great ones? Whatโs the one area youโre focusing on in 2025 to rise above the noise? Letโs open the floor โ comment below, share your thoughts, and letโs grow together.
Artificial Intelligence has often been painted as a grand, futuristic technology meant only for tech giants and programmers. But in todayโs world, AI is quietly slipping into the hands of everyday people, transforming from an intimidating mystery into a powerful ally. The remarkable thing is, you donโt have to abandon your career, take massive risks, or spend years retraining to make the most of it. AI is not about replacing your jobโitโs about supplementing your life. Itโs about creating opportunities, building passive income streams, and sharpening your skills in ways that fit seamlessly into your existing schedule. Whether you work full-time as a teacher, marketer, nurse, or engineer, thereโs a place for AI in your daily routine that could very well change your financial landscape.
Small Steps, Big Gains: Finding Your Unique AI Path
The beauty of todayโs AI revolution lies in its versatility. You donโt need to become a software developer to participate. Many people start small, exploring AI tools that match their personal interests or professional skills. Writers are using AI to speed up content creation and sell e-books. Graphic designers are leveraging AI-generated art platforms to create and sell digital prints or design templates online. Even social media managers and side hustlers are tapping into AI-driven marketing tools to manage campaigns, freeing up more time while increasing their income. The key is finding what feels natural to youโsomething that doesnโt feel like a second full-time job but instead feels like an exciting extension of your talents. AI isn’t here to change what you love; itโs here to supercharge how you express and monetize it.
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Learning and Earning Simultaneously: The Low-Risk Advantage
One of the biggest fears people have when it comes to starting something new is the fear of losing what they already have. Traditional side businesses often require large upfront investments of time and money, not to mention a leap of faith into uncertainty. AI side hustles are different. Many powerful AI tools are either free or have very low-cost options, allowing you to experiment without risking your financial security. You can learn as you go, often using your evenings or weekends to test new ideas, build a product, or offer a service enhanced by AI. Platforms like ChatGPT, Canva AI, Midjourney, Jasper, and countless others make it easy for beginners to get started without a steep learning curve. Every small success builds not just income, but confidence, and before you know it, your AI side venture can grow into something substantialโall while you continue succeeding in your main career.
Future-Proofing Your Skills: Why Starting Now Matters
Thereโs another layer to this story that is even more critical: the skills you develop by experimenting with AI today will become the professional superpowers of tomorrow. Businesses are increasingly seeking employees who are AI-literate, and those who can demonstrate practical experience with these tools will stand out in any field. By engaging with AI now, youโre not just making extra moneyโyouโre investing in your future employability and career growth. Imagine being the person in your company who can automate tedious reports, create smart marketing strategies, or produce creative materials faster and better. These skills make you indispensable, and they open doors to promotions, leadership opportunities, and even more entrepreneurial ventures down the line.
Conclusion: A New Era of Possibility
The idea that you have to choose between the security of your job and the thrill of entrepreneurship is outdated. Thanks to AI, you can do both. You can make money, expand your skills, and even discover passions you didnโt know you hadโall without giving up the stability you’ve worked so hard to build. The AI era is not just for the tech-savvy; itโs for anyone willing to explore, experiment, and embrace change. The sooner you start weaving AI into your life, the sooner youโll realize that the future isnโt just comingโitโs already here, and itโs full of possibility.
In a world flooded with data, how we interpret and communicate that data has never been more crucial. Data visualization has emerged as a vital bridge between raw information and actionable insights. But thereโs an ongoing conversation among practitioners and enthusiasts: is data visualization more of an art or a science?
The answer isnโt straightforwardโbecause data visualization is beautifully both.
What is Data Visualization?
At its core, data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data. Using elements like charts, graphs, maps, and infographics, it allows us to understand trends, patterns, and outliers in complex datasets.
Well-designed visualizations make data accessible. They allow businesses to make strategic decisions, researchers to share findings, and the general public to grasp information quickly and intuitively.
The Scientific Side: Data Visualization as Science
Those who see data visualization as a science focus on precision, structure, and integrity. In this camp, visualization is about:
Accuracy: Representing data truthfully without distortion.
Cognitive Load Reduction: Using design to aid, not hinder, comprehension.
Standardization: Leveraging best practices, such as Edward Tufteโs principles or the use of proven chart types like bar graphs and scatter plots.
In this approach, visualization is about function. The scientist values clean lines, logical hierarchies, and clarity. A line chart that helps a policymaker spot a declining trend in public health data is a successful outcomeโno need for bells and whistles.
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The Artistic Side: Data Visualization as Art
Then there are those who view data visualization as an art formโan opportunity to communicate information in an evocative and emotional way. For these creators, the visualization isnโt just about clarity but about:
Creativity: Breaking free from rigid templates to design unique visual experiences.
Emotion: Making the audience feel something about the data, not just understand it.
Storytelling: Weaving narratives that guide viewers through the data.
Aesthetics: Using color theory, composition, typography, and style to create beauty.
Artists might design visualizations that resemble abstract paintings or interactive experiences that invite exploration. These visuals often push the boundaries of what charts can do, combining artistic intuition with data integrity.
Where Art and Science Meet
The most effective data visualizations often live at the intersection of art and science. They:
Balance beauty with function
Tell a story without distorting truth
Evoke curiosity while remaining grounded in facts
For instance, Florence Nightingaleโs 19th-century rose diagram wasn’t just a statistical tool; it was a persuasive visual statement that changed public health policy. Similarly, modern visual storytellers like Giorgia Lupi combine data, illustration, and emotion to create deeply human experiences.
Why Data Visualization Matters Today
In the age of big data, the ability to extract meaning from complexity is power. Data visualization allows us to:
Detect patterns hidden in thousands of rows
Make decisions faster with clear dashboards
Communicate results across teams and stakeholders
Educate and inform the public in impactful ways
Whether you’re a business analyst, journalist, policymaker, or designer, understanding how to visualize data is an essential skill.
Tools of the Trade
Today, numerous tools cater to both the artistic and scientific mind:
Scientific/Structured Tools: Tableau, Power BI, Excel, R, Python (Matplotlib, Seaborn)
Artistic/Customizable Tools: D3.js, Processing, Adobe Illustrator (for static visuals), and even Figma
These tools offer different levels of flexibility, interactivity, and creative control.
Conclusion: The Harmony of Art and Science
To see data visualization solely as a science is to risk losing its emotional impact. To view it only as an art form is to risk clarity and truth. But when you treat it as bothโa discipline that respects data while embracing creativityโyou unlock its full potential.
Data visualization is an art grounded in science. And in the hands of a skilled practitioner, it becomes a powerful languageโa way of speaking the truth with beauty.
Do you agree with me that art and science complement each other in data visualization? Or do you favor one option over the other? Share your opinion with us in the comments.
In todayโs data-driven world, businesses thrive on the ability to make informed decisions backed by solid analytics. Power BI, Microsoftโs interactive data visualization and business intelligence tool, has revolutionized the way professionals present and analyze information. But the craft of Power BI reporting goes far beyond simply dragging charts onto a canvasโit is a strategic skill that blends user-centered design, data architecture, and storytelling to create meaningful insights.
Whether you’re a beginner or seasoned analyst, mastering the reporting lifecycle in Power BI enables you to turn raw data into actionable narratives. This guide explores the key stages, tools, and mindsets needed to deliver compelling Power BI reports from start to finish.
1. Start with the Userโs Needs and Context
Effective Power BI reporting starts not with dataโbut with people. Understanding who the users are, what decisions they need to make, and how they interpret data lays the foundation for every design choice to follow.
This means engaging stakeholders early, asking the right questions:
What are their roles and responsibilities?
What key metrics or KPIs matter most to them?
How often will they use the report, and on what devices?
By empathizing with your audience, you begin shaping a solution that fits seamlessly into their workflow. Use user personas and scenario mapping to visualize needs and define success. This user-centered mindset prevents the all-too-common pitfall of creating reports that look greatโbut go unused.
2. Evaluate If Power BI Is the Right Fit
Before jumping into development, evaluate if Power BI is the best-fit platform for your objectives. It excels in specific use cases: interactive dashboards, real-time monitoring, and integrated analysis of multiple data sources. But for static print-style reporting or large-scale financial statements, other tools might be better suited.
Assess the technical environment as well:
Do you have access to reliable data sources (SQL, Excel, SharePoint, etc.)?
Is your organization equipped with Power BI Pro or Premium licenses?
Can Power BI connect securely to cloud or on-premises systems?
This is the stage for feasibility checks, data source exploration, and basic proof-of-concept mockups. By confirming Power BIโs viability early, you save time and align stakeholder expectations realistically.
3. Design an Effective Data and Layout Framework
Information architecture (IA) defines how data is structured and how users navigate it. In Power BI, this means designing datasets, data models, and page layouts that support clarity and coherence.
Start by identifying the reportโs data domainsโsales, inventory, customer feedback, etc.โand how they relate. Normalize tables, set up relationships, and remove redundancy. Use star schema modeling for optimal performance and usability.
Then outline your reportโs navigation structure. Will it be a single page with filters or a multi-page report with tabs? Use intuitive naming conventions and group visuals logically to guide users through a data-driven story.
The goal: eliminate confusion, reduce cognitive load, and make every click feel natural.
4. Create a Preliminary Layout Plan
Think of this step as wireframing for data. Using simple toolsโpen and paper, PowerPoint, or low-fidelity mockup softwareโroughly sketch the layout of your report.
Decide:
Where filters will be placed
How many visuals per page
What types of visuals (bar charts, cards, tables)
Placement of KPIs, slicers, tooltips, etc.
This phase is fast, disposable, and iterative. Share your sketches with stakeholders to validate your assumptions. Early feedback at this stage prevents costly redesigns later.
Low-fidelity mockups emphasize structure, not aesthetics. Focus on hierarchy, flow, and storytellingโnot colors or font sizes just yet.
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5. Develop a Detailed Interactive Prototype
With structure in place, now refine the visual experience. This high-fidelity phase brings your sketch to life using real or sample data inside Power BI Desktop.
Fine-tune:
Chart types and formatting
Colors and themes (use corporate branding)
Spacing, alignment, and consistency
Interactive elements like bookmarks, buttons, and drill-throughs
Accessibility also becomes keyโuse sufficient contrast, label charts clearly, and enable keyboard navigation where needed. Apply DAX measures for calculated KPIs and test slicer interactions.
This prototype functions like a real report. Share it widely for usability testing and stakeholder review. Encourage feedback to catch blind spots and fine-tune content relevance.
6. Build and Deploy the Final Report
Once the prototype is approved, itโs time to finalize your build. This phase includes:
Connecting to live data sources
Automating data refresh schedules
Testing performance (load time, filter responsiveness)
Setting up row-level security (RLS) if needed
Publishing the report to Power BI Service
Youโll also configure dashboards, alerts, and app workspaces to ensure proper sharing and collaboration. Be sure to document the logic behind your DAX calculations, report structure, and user instructions.
A polished Power BI report should be fast, responsive, and self-explanatoryโreducing the need for handholding.
7. Maintain, Monitor, and Improve Continuously
Your job doesnโt end with delivery. Great Power BI reports evolve with user needs and business changes. Implement a stewardship model to ensure ongoing value.
This includes:
Monitoring usage metrics to track engagement
Gathering periodic feedback for improvements
Updating visuals or logic as KPIs evolve
Performing regular data quality checks
Managing access and security over time
Also, create version control mechanisms for tracking report changes. Educate users on new features (e.g., Q&A, new filters) through internal documentation or mini training sessions.
Report stewardship transforms Power BI from a one-time project into a sustainable business asset.
Conclusion
The skill of Power BI reporting is a blend of analysis, design, architecture, and empathy. It’s not just about chartsโit’s about communicating meaning.
By following a thoughtful, user-centered processโfrom understanding needs and validating structure to refining visuals and managing reports over timeโyou create data experiences that drive action and insight.
Power BI isnโt just a tool. In skilled hands, it becomes a canvas for organizational intelligence.
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Power BIู ูุงุฑุฉ ุฅุนุฏุงุฏ ุงูุชูุงุฑูุฑ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
Becoming a professional data analyst isnโt just about mastering software or memorizing formulas. Itโs about thinking critically, asking the right questions, and understanding the story behind the data. If you can confidently answer the following questions โ not just theoretically, but in practical scenarios โ youโre well on your way to becoming a data analysis pro.
1. What problem am I trying to solve?
Before you even open Excel, SQL, or Python, ask yourself: What business question am I answering?
Whether itโs identifying customer churn, optimizing sales, or forecasting trends โ a true analyst knows the “why” behind the analysis.
2. Where is my data coming from, and can I trust it?
Great analysts know: bad data = bad decisions.
Can you:
Identify your data sources?
Validate their accuracy?
Handle missing or inconsistent values?
Tools like SQL, Excel, and Pythonโs pandas help, but itโs your analytical mindset that makes the difference.
3. Which data is relevant to the problem?
With mountains of data available, the pros know how to filter the noise.
Ask:
What variables are most important?
Which metrics directly affect the outcome?
Can I eliminate any irrelevant data?
This step is all about focus and efficiency.
4. How should I clean and prepare my data?
Data rarely comes neat and tidy. Cleaning is the unglamorous but essential part of the process.
Do you know how to:
Handle nulls?
Standardize formats?
Remove duplicates?
Normalize or transform values?
Mastering data wrangling in Python, R, or Power Query is a key skill of a pro analyst.
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5. What are the right tools and techniques to use?
A good analyst chooses tools based on the problem โ not just preference.
Can you:
Choose between Excel, SQL, Python, or Tableau depending on the task?
Use statistical models or machine learning when needed?
Automate repetitive tasks using scripts or workflows?
Efficiency + precision = professional.
6. What story does the data tell?
Data without a story is just numbers.
Great analysts turn raw data into insights by:
Identifying patterns and trends
Building logical narratives
Using visualizations to make findings clear and compelling
Ask yourself: If I showed this to a non-technical audience, would they get it?
7. How do I communicate my insights clearly?
Data analysis doesnโt end at insights โ it ends at impact.
Can you:
Build a compelling dashboard or report?
Present insights to stakeholders?
Recommend actions backed by data?
Soft skills + storytelling = top-tier analyst.
8. How do I measure the success of my analysis?
The pros reflect on their work. After your analysis:
Did it lead to better decisions?
Were your predictions accurate?
Did your recommendations drive results?
Ask yourself: What could I improve next time?
9. How can I keep learning and improving?
A professional analyst is always evolving.
Do you:
Follow data blogs and communities?
Practice with real-world datasets (like Kaggle or public APIs)?
Stay updated with new tools and techniques?
Curiosity is your greatest asset.
Final Thought
If you can confidently answer these questions โ and put them into action โ youโre not just crunching numbers. Youโre solving problems, telling stories, and driving value. And thatโs what makes a professional data analyst.
Breaking into a data science role at a leading company like Walmart requires not only a strong grasp of technical skills but also a deep understanding of probability and statistics. Probability plays a crucial role in decision-making, forecasting, and modeling โ all core to the work data scientists do at Walmart, especially in areas such as supply chain optimization, customer behavior analysis, and pricing strategies.
In this article, weโll walk you through 3 commonly asked probability questions in Walmart data scientist interviews, complete with detailed explanations and solutions to help you prepare with confidence.
Question 1: The Biased Coin Toss
Problem:
You have a biased coin that lands heads with a probability of 0.6 and tails with a probability of 0.4. You toss the coin three times. What is the probability that you get exactly two heads?
Solution:
This is a classic binomial probability problem.
Given:
Number of trials (n) = 3
Probability of success (head) p = 0.6
Probability of failure (tail) q = 0.4
We want exactly k = 2 heads.
Binomial Formula:
Final Answer: 0.432
Question 2: Conditional Probability โ Item Recommendation
Problem:
70% of customers who visit Walmart’s website buy at least one item. Among those who buy, 60% also leave a review. Among those who donโt buy, only 10% leave a review.
What is the probability that a customer who left a review actually bought an item?
Solution:
We are given conditional probabilities and need to find the inverse conditional probability โ i.e., using Bayesโ Theorem.
Let:
B = customer bought an item
R = customer left a review
We want:
Given:
P(B)=0.7
P(RโฃB)=0.6
P(RโฃBโฒ)=0.1
P(Bโฒ)=0.3
Final Answer: ~93.33%
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Question 3: Expected Value โ Inventory Demand
Problem:
A store manager at Walmart estimates that the daily demand for a product follows this probability distribution:
Units Demanded
Probability
0
0.1
1
0.2
2
0.4
3
0.2
4
0.1
What is the expected number of units demanded per day?
Solution:
The expected value (mean) of a discrete random variable is:
Final Answer: 2 units per day
Binomial problems assess understanding of discrete distributions, which is key for modeling user behaviors or purchase frequencies.
Bayesโ Theorem is foundational for recommendation systems, fraud detection, and inference under uncertainty.
Expected value is critical in inventory planning, forecasting, and cost modeling โ all important to Walmartโs operations.
Pro Tips for Walmart Data Science Interviews
Master the fundamentals: Focus on distributions, expectation, variance, conditional probability, and independence.
Practice real-life scenarios: Walmart loves practical applications. Relate your answers to business problems.
Explain your reasoning: Theyโre looking for clear thinkers. Walk through your assumptions and logic.
Final Thoughts
Cracking a data science interview at Walmart means demonstrating a deep, intuitive understanding of probability. These three questions give you a solid foundation to prepare and shine. Want to take your prep further? Practice variations, dive into Walmartโs business model, and explore case studies related to retail data.
In 2025, generating passive income is more accessible than everโif you master the right skills. Whether you’re working a full-time job or looking to build financial freedom, these 8 in-demand skills can set you up for steady, automated income streams. Here’s what to learn, tools to use, and how each skill turns into passive income.
Create a niche YouTube channel or blog that gets consistent views. Earn through AdSense, affiliate links, and digital product sales (e.g., eBooks or courses).
2. Print-on-Demand & Merch Design
Skill Type: Design & eCommerce
What to Learn:
Graphic design basics
Niche research
Setting up an online store (Etsy, Shopify)
Marketing with SEO and Pinterest
Tools:
Canva, Adobe Illustrator
Printful, Teespring, Redbubble
Shopify, Etsy, Everbee
Passive Income Example:
Design t-shirts, mugs, or stickers. Upload to POD platforms. Every sale generates revenue with no need to handle shipping or inventory.
3. Affiliate Marketing
Skill Type: Digital Marketing
What to Learn:
How affiliate programs work
Copywriting and persuasive content
SEO and social media marketing
Email list building
Tools:
Amazon Associates, ShareASale, Impact
ConvertKit, MailerLite (for email marketing)
Ahrefs, Ubersuggest (for keyword research)
Passive Income Example:
Create a niche website reviewing tech gadgets. Include affiliate links. Earn commissions every time someone buys through your link.
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4. Investing in Dividend Stocks / ETFs
Skill Type: Finance & Investing
What to Learn:
Stock market basics
Understanding ETFs and dividend yields
Portfolio diversification
Risk management
Tools:
Robinhood, Fidelity, M1 Finance
Seeking Alpha, Yahoo Finance
Personal Capital (for tracking)
Passive Income Example:
Build a diversified dividend portfolio. Earn quarterly or monthly dividends that grow over time without active involvement.
5. Writing & Selling eBooks
Skill Type: Writing & Publishing
What to Learn:
Writing structure and formatting
Self-publishing on Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP)
Marketing your eBook on Amazon and social media
Tools:
Scrivener, Google Docs
Amazon KDP, Gumroad
Canva (for covers), Bookbolt
Passive Income Example:
Write a how-to guide or fiction novel. Publish it on KDP. Earn royalties every time someone downloads or buys your book.
6. Online Course Creation
Skill Type: Teaching & Product Development
What to Learn:
Curriculum planning
Video and screen recording
Engaging teaching methods
Marketing funnels
Tools:
Teachable, Thinkific, Gumroad
Loom, OBS Studio (for recording)
ChatGPT (to help generate course outlines)
Passive Income Example:
Create a course on productivity or design. Sell on your own site or platforms like Udemy. Students pay once, and you keep earning.
7. App or Web Development (SaaS Projects)
Skill Type: Technical & Programming
What to Learn:
Full-stack development (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, React)
UX/UI design
Database management
How SaaS (Software as a Service) works
Tools:
VS Code, GitHub, Firebase
Stripe (for payments), Notion (for planning)
Framer, Figma (for design)
Passive Income Example:
Build a simple productivity app or business tool. Charge a monthly fee. Users sign up and pay recurring subscriptions.
8. Stock Photography / Digital Assets Selling
Skill Type: Photography & Digital Design
What to Learn:
Photography or digital design fundamentals
How to create high-demand digital products
Licensing and copyright
Tools:
Lightroom, Photoshop, Canva
Shutterstock, Adobe Stock, Creative Market
Etsy (for selling templates, icons, etc.)
Passive Income Example:
Upload photos, templates, or icons to stock platforms. Every download or license purchase earns you money.
Final Thoughts
Learning these skills doesnโt mean overnight richesโbut investing time in one or two can build steady passive income over time. The key is consistency, quality, and automation. Focus on creating assets that work for you, even while you sleep.
In an age where speed, access, and accuracy drive competitive advantage, relying on dusty file cabinets and analog records is like racing in a horse-drawn carriage on the autobahn. Digitizing business archives isnโt just about going paperlessโitโs about unlocking your dataโs potential, minimizing operational friction, and empowering your teams to move with confidence. Youโve probably felt the pain of hunting down a misplaced contract or trying to cross-reference data that lives in ten different formats.
Choose the Right Scanning Workflow
Thereโs no one-size-fits-all when it comes to scanning your physical archives. High-speed document scanners are great for standard papers, but fragile items or oversized documents may require flatbed or specialty scanners. Decide early whether youโll handle scanning in-house or outsource to a third-party digitization serviceโeach has its own cost, timeline, and quality control implications. Creating a clear scanning workflow ensures that the process runs smoothly, with attention to metadata tagging, file naming conventions, and storage destinations from the start.
Safeguard Sensitive Data in the Digital Shift
As you digitize your archives, protecting sensitive information becomes just as important as preserving it. From employee records to client contracts, some documents carry high stakes if leaked or mishandled, making data protection a non-negotiable part of your strategy. Encryption, secure user authentication, and audit trails should be built into your digital infrastructure from the start to prevent breaches and misuse.
Select Smart Storage Solutions
Once your files are digitized, the next move is choosing how and where to store them so they’re both secure and easily retrievable. Cloud platforms offer scalability, remote access, and data redundancy, making them a strong choice for most organizations, especially those with distributed teams. But not all files belong in the cloudโsensitive data may require local or hybrid solutions that comply with industry regulations.
Implement Metadata and Indexing Standards
Digitization without metadata is like a library with no catalog systemโit may all be there, but good luck finding what you need. When you add structured metadata during the digitization process, you create pathways for quick search, categorization, and data linkage. This is especially useful when working across departments or time zones, where different teams might need to access the same file for different purposes.
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Plan for Long-Term Data Migration
Technology moves fast, and digital archives that live in yesterdayโs formats are tomorrowโs headaches. Make sure your digitization strategy includes a plan for regular data migrations so youโre not left scrambling when a software becomes obsolete. Whether youโre storing files in proprietary systems or open formats, itโs smart to future-proof your files by choosing widely supported, non-proprietary formats like PDF/A, CSV, or XML. Stay ahead by scheduling periodic reviews of your storage solutions and making updates before they become urgent.
Train Your Team on the New System
No matter how elegant your digitized archive is, itโs useless if your team doesnโt know how to use it. Conduct hands-on training to familiarize everyone with the new systems, file structures, search tools, and permissions protocols. Encourage a feedback loop so users can flag hiccups or suggest improvements that make everyday usage smoother. Turning archived files into active tools requires buy-in and competence across your workforceโnot just from IT or leadership.
Integrate Archives With Existing Platforms
One major benefit of digitizing your business archives is the chance to connect them to tools you already use. Whether itโs your CRM, ERP, or project management software, linking archives to these systems can create seamless workflows and reduce redundant data entry. Integration allows your teams to pull up relevant documents in real-timeโright when theyโre working on a taskโinstead of toggling between platforms or wasting time searching. This helps turn archival data into a living resource that supports daily decision-making.
Transforming your business archives from physical clutter into digital gold takes effort, but the payoff is real. Once scattered records become strategic assets when theyโre accessible, secure, and woven into your daily workflows. You donโt just save timeโyou gain clarity, accountability, and a better handle on the full history of your organizationโs decisions and actions. Digitization gives you the chance to treat your data like the powerful resource it is, not just a pile of paper taking up space in a storage room.
Unlock the power of data with Data World, your go-to source for innovative business solutions and educational services in data science!
The role of a Lead Data Engineer has gained significant prominence in todayโs data-driven world, as businesses increasingly rely on data analytics and machine learning to drive decision-making. This career path is ideal for professionals with strong technical expertise in data architecture, engineering, and management, coupled with leadership skills to guide teams and projects effectively. If you are considering a career as a Lead Data Engineer, understanding the responsibilities, required skills, educational background, and potential career trajectory is essential for success in this field.
Understanding the Role of a Lead Data Engineer
A Lead Data Engineer is responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining data architectures that enable seamless data processing and analytics. This role involves overseeing data pipelines, managing data storage solutions, and ensuring data quality, security, and compliance. Unlike junior or mid-level data engineers, a lead data engineer takes on a more strategic role by leading teams, coordinating cross-functional collaboration, and aligning data infrastructure with business goals. They work closely with data scientists, analysts, and software engineers to build scalable and efficient data solutions that drive insights and innovation.
Essential Skills and Technologies
To thrive as a Lead Data Engineer, professionals must master a combination of technical and soft skills. Technical expertise in programming languages such as Python, Java, and Scala is crucial for developing and maintaining data pipelines. Proficiency in SQL and NoSQL databases, such as PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Cassandra, is essential for effective data storage and retrieval. Additionally, familiarity with big data technologies like Apache Spark, Hadoop, and Kafka is necessary for handling large-scale data processing.
Cloud computing skills are increasingly important as organizations migrate to cloud-based solutions. A Lead Data Engineer should be well-versed in cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, leveraging services like Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, and Azure Synapse Analytics for data warehousing and processing. Experience with data modeling, ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes, and data pipeline orchestration using tools like Apache Airflow or Prefect further enhances a professionalโs ability to manage data workflows efficiently.
Beyond technical skills, leadership and communication abilities are vital for this role. A Lead Data Engineer must collaborate with stakeholders across different departments, translating business requirements into technical solutions. Strong problem-solving skills and an analytical mindset enable them to anticipate challenges, optimize data workflows, and implement best practices in data governance and security.
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Educational Background and Certifications
A career as a Lead Data Engineer typically begins with a strong educational foundation in computer science, information technology, data science, or a related field. A bachelorโs degree is often the minimum requirement, though many professionals advance their careers by obtaining a masterโs degree in data engineering, data science, or software engineering.
In addition to formal education, industry-recognized certifications can help professionals validate their expertise and stay competitive in the job market. Certifications such as Google Cloud Professional Data Engineer, AWS Certified Data Analytics โ Specialty, Microsoft Certified: Azure Data Engineer Associate, and the Cloudera Certified Data Engineer credential demonstrate proficiency in cloud computing and data engineering best practices.
Career Path and Growth Opportunities
The journey to becoming a Lead Data Engineer often starts with entry-level positions such as Data Engineer, Database Administrator, or Software Engineer. As professionals gain experience in designing data pipelines, working with big data frameworks, and managing data infrastructures, they progress to senior data engineering roles before advancing into leadership positions.
Once established as a Lead Data Engineer, career growth opportunities extend into higher managerial roles such as Data Engineering Manager, Director of Data Engineering, or even Chief Data Officer (CDO). These roles involve greater responsibilities in shaping an organizationโs data strategy, implementing enterprise-wide data initiatives, and driving innovation through data-driven decision-making.
Conclusion
A career as a Lead Data Engineer offers a rewarding and dynamic path for professionals passionate about data management, architecture, and leadership. By developing technical expertise, acquiring industry certifications, and honing leadership skills, aspiring data engineers can successfully navigate this career trajectory and make a significant impact in the ever-evolving field of data engineering. Whether working for tech giants, financial institutions, healthcare providers, or startups, Lead Data Engineers play a pivotal role in enabling organizations to harness the power of data for strategic advantage.
In todayโs fast-paced digital landscape, businesses generate vast amounts of data daily. However, raw data alone holds little value unless it is effectively analyzed and transformed into actionable insights. Organizations that master this process gain a competitive edge by making informed decisions that drive growth and efficiency. Hereโs how to translate data into actionable business insights.
1. Define Clear Objectives
Before analyzing data, businesses must establish clear objectives. Without a defined goal, data analysis can be unfocused and ineffective. Consider the following steps:
Identify the key challenges or opportunities your business faces.
Determine the specific metrics that align with your goals.
Ensure all stakeholders understand the objectives to maintain consistency.
2. Collect Relevant Data
Data collection should be strategic and focused on quality rather than quantity. Organizations must:
Utilize structured and unstructured data sources such as sales records, customer feedback, and market trends.
Implement tools like CRM systems, Google Analytics, or business intelligence platforms to gather accurate data.
Ensure data is cleaned and validated to remove inconsistencies and errors.
3. Analyze the Data Effectively
Data analysis is crucial in identifying patterns and correlations that inform business decisions. Effective methods include:
Using statistical analysis to uncover trends and anomalies.
Applying machine learning and artificial intelligence for predictive analytics.
Employing visualization tools such as dashboards and graphs to make complex data easier to interpret.
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4. Identify Key Insights
Extracting actionable insights requires identifying the most significant data trends. Consider:
Correlating data findings with business objectives.
Recognizing customer behavior patterns and preferences.
Pinpointing inefficiencies and opportunities for optimization.
5. Transform Insights into Action
Data-driven insights must be translated into tangible business strategies. This involves:
Implementing changes based on findings, such as adjusting marketing strategies or optimizing supply chain operations.
Encouraging a data-driven culture where decisions are backed by analytical evidence.
Continuously monitoring and refining actions based on real-time feedback.
6. Measure Impact and Refine Strategies
The effectiveness of data-driven actions must be regularly assessed. Businesses should:
Set key performance indicators (KPIs) to track progress.
Use A/B testing to evaluate the impact of implemented strategies.
Iterate and adjust strategies based on performance results to ensure continuous improvement.
Conclusion
Translating data into actionable business insights is a structured process that requires clear objectives, quality data collection, robust analysis, and strategic implementation. By leveraging technology and fostering a data-driven culture, businesses can enhance decision-making, optimize operations, and stay ahead in competitive markets. In a world where data is abundant, the real advantage lies in how effectively it is used to drive meaningful business outcomes.
Data Science has evolved into one of the most sought-after careers in the tech industry, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics. As we step into 2025, the demand for skilled data scientists continues to grow across various industries, from healthcare to finance and e-commerce. This roadmap is designed to provide a structured approach to mastering data science, covering fundamental concepts, essential tools, and real-world applications.
1. Understanding the Basics of Data Science
Before diving into complex algorithms and big data processing, it is crucial to understand the foundation of data science.
Definition and Scope: Data Science is the interdisciplinary field that combines statistics, programming, and domain expertise to extract insights from data. For example, in healthcare, predictive models analyze patient data to forecast disease outbreaks and personalize treatment plans.
Mathematics & Statistics: Concepts such as probability, linear algebra, and statistical inference are the backbone of data science. A strong grasp of these topics enables data scientists to develop models that provide actionable insights, such as predicting customer churn in a subscription service.
2. Programming Languages for Data Science
Programming is a fundamental skill in data science, with Python and R being the most popular choices.
Python: Widely used due to its versatility and extensive libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Scikit-learn. For instance, Netflix uses Python to analyze user viewing patterns and recommend content.
R: Preferred in academia and research for statistical analysis and visualization, with applications in pharmaceutical companies for clinical trials and drug efficacy studies.
3. Data Collection and Cleaning
Data is often messy and unstructured, making data cleaning a vital step in the data science workflow.
Data Collection: Sourcing data from APIs, web scraping, or databases like SQL. For example, e-commerce platforms collect user purchase history to understand buying trends.
Data Cleaning: Handling missing values, removing duplicates, and standardizing formats using libraries like Pandas. Poor data quality in financial analytics can lead to inaccurate risk assessments, affecting investment decisions.
4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
EDA is the process of analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics and discover patterns.
Data Visualization: Using Matplotlib and Seaborn to create charts and graphs. For instance, sales teams use bar charts to identify seasonal trends in product demand.
Statistical Analysis: Identifying correlations and distributions. In sports analytics, teams analyze player performance data to refine strategies and optimize team selection.
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5. Machine Learning Fundamentals
Machine learning allows computers to learn patterns from data and make predictions without being explicitly programmed.
Supervised Learning: Training models using labeled data. A bank may use classification models to detect fraudulent transactions.
Unsupervised Learning: Clustering and association techniques to find hidden patterns, such as customer segmentation in marketing campaigns.
Deep Learning: Neural networks that power AI applications like image recognition in self-driving cars.
6. Big Data Technologies
With the exponential growth of data, big data technologies are essential for efficient processing and analysis.
Hadoop & Spark: Distributed computing frameworks for handling massive datasets. Social media companies process user interactions using Spark to recommend personalized content.
NoSQL Databases: MongoDB and Cassandra for handling unstructured data in real-time applications, such as ride-sharing apps tracking driver and passenger locations.
7. Model Deployment and MLOps
Deploying models into production ensures they provide value in real-world applications.
Flask & FastAPI: Creating APIs for machine learning models. A healthcare provider may deploy a patient risk assessment model via an API to integrate it into hospital management systems.
MLOps: Automating ML pipelines using CI/CD tools. For instance, companies like Spotify continuously update their recommendation engines based on user listening habits.
8. Ethics and Bias in Data Science
Data science has ethical implications, and addressing biases is critical to ensuring fairness and accuracy.
Bias in AI Models: AI models trained on biased data can produce discriminatory results. For example, biased hiring algorithms may favor certain demographics over others.
Data Privacy: Adhering to regulations like GDPR and CCPA to protect user data, as seen in tech companies implementing stricter data-sharing policies.
Conclusion
The journey to becoming a proficient data scientist in 2025 requires a strong foundation in mathematics, programming, machine learning, and big data technologies. By following this roadmap, aspiring data scientists can build the necessary skills to solve real-world problems across various industries. With continuous learning and hands-on practice, mastering data science is an achievable goal.
Creating a professional dashboard requires careful planning, an understanding of user needs, and the application of design principles to ensure clarity and usability.
Step 1: Defining the purpose and audience:
Before diving into design or development, it’s essential to identify what the dashboard aims to achieve. Whether it’s for business analytics, financial tracking, or project management, understanding the end-user’s needs and the key metrics they will rely on ensures that the dashboard delivers relevant and actionable insights. This step often involves gathering requirements from stakeholders, analyzing existing workflows, and determining which data points are most critical to decision-making. Without this foundational understanding, the dashboard risks being cluttered, ineffective, or overwhelming.
Step 2: Data collection and integration:
A dashboard is only as useful as the quality and accuracy of the data it presents. At this stage, data sources must be identified and connected. These sources can include databases, APIs, spreadsheets, or third-party services. Ensuring data consistency and reliability is crucial, as any errors or inconsistencies can mislead users and negatively impact decision-making. Data transformation and cleaning processes may be necessary to standardize formats and remove inconsistencies. Moreover, real-time or scheduled data updates must be considered based on the dashboardโs intended use. For dashboards requiring live data, establishing secure and efficient connections with data sources is essential to ensure smooth operation and performance.
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Step 3: Designing the dashboard layout and user interface:
Effective dashboard design prioritizes clarity, ease of use, and visual hierarchy. This means organizing data in a way that allows users to quickly understand and interpret information without unnecessary distractions. The use of charts, graphs, tables, and key performance indicators (KPIs) should be carefully planned to enhance readability. Selecting the right type of visualization for different data sets is critical; for instance, line charts work well for trends over time, while pie charts are more suited for proportional comparisons. Additionally, applying a consistent color scheme, typography, and spacing improves the overall aesthetic and usability of the dashboard. Interactive elements such as filters, drill-down capabilities, and tooltips can be incorporated to provide users with more control over how they view and analyze data.
Step 4: Development and implementation:
Depending on the complexity of the dashboard, development can involve using business intelligence (BI) tools such as Tableau, Power BI, or Google Data Studio, or custom development using programming languages like JavaScript with libraries such as D3.js or React.js. The choice of technology depends on factors such as scalability, customization needs, and integration capabilities. During the development phase, it’s crucial to ensure that the dashboard is responsive, meaning it functions well on different screen sizes, including desktops, tablets, and mobile devices. User authentication and role-based access control may also be necessary to restrict sensitive data to authorized users only.
Step 5: Testing, feedback, and iteration:
This step is vital for ensuring the dashboard meets user expectations and performs efficiently. Testing should include both technical and usability aspects. Performance testing ensures that the dashboard loads data quickly and functions smoothly, even with large datasets. Usability testing involves gathering feedback from actual users to identify any issues with navigation, readability, or overall experience. Based on feedback, necessary refinements should be made to improve functionality and user satisfaction. Continuous monitoring and updates should be planned to keep the dashboard relevant as business needs and data sources evolve.
By following these stepsโdefining purpose and audience, collecting and integrating data, designing an intuitive interface, implementing with the right tools, and continuously improving through testing and feedbackโa professional dashboard can provide valuable insights and enhance decision-making processes across various industries.
The introduction of ChatGPT has transformed the way many professionals approach their work, and data science is no exception. As a data scientist, my daily tasks, workflows, and problem-solving strategies have significantly evolved since integrating ChatGPT into my routine. Hereโs how.
1. Streamlined Data Cleaning and Preprocessing:
Data cleaning, once a time-consuming process, has become much more efficient. With ChatGPTโs ability to generate code snippets in Python, R, or SQL, I can quickly tackle issues like handling missing values, encoding categorical variables, or normalizing data. Instead of searching through endless documentation, I now receive instant suggestions tailored to my specific dataset challenges.
2. Faster Prototyping and Experimentation:
When testing new machine learning models, speed matters. ChatGPT helps by providing boilerplate code for various algorithms, suggesting hyperparameter tuning techniques, and explaining the pros and cons of each model. This acceleration allows me to spend more time interpreting results rather than building experiments from scratch.
3. Enhanced Collaboration and Communication:
Explaining complex data science concepts to non-technical stakeholders has always been challenging. ChatGPT assists in translating technical jargon into simple language. Whether preparing reports, presentations, or dashboards, I now craft narratives that resonate with diverse audiences, making data-driven decisions easier to communicate.
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4. Improved Documentation and Code Quality:
Good documentation is essential but often overlooked. ChatGPT helps generate comprehensive docstrings, comments, and README files. This ensures that my codebase remains understandable and maintainable, especially when collaborating with larger teams.
5. Rapid Troubleshooting and Debugging:
Debugging code used to be a time sink. Now, I describe errors to ChatGPT and receive potential solutions instantly. It also offers best practices for optimizing performance, ensuring my models run efficiently without extensive trial and error.
6. Continuous Learning and Skill Development:
Data science is an ever-evolving field. ChatGPT acts as a personalized tutor, explaining new algorithms, statistical concepts, or advanced machine learning techniques on demand. This constant learning support helps me stay ahead of industry trends without sifting through countless resources.
7. Ethical Considerations and Bias Detection:
AI ethics is more important than ever. ChatGPT highlights potential biases in datasets and suggests mitigation strategies. This has made me more conscious of fairness, accountability, and transparency in my projects.
Conclusion
ChatGPT has become an indispensable part of my data science toolkit. From boosting productivity and code quality to enhancing communication and ethical awareness, its impact is undeniable. While it doesnโt replace human expertise, it amplifies our capabilities, enabling data scientists like me to focus on what truly matters: deriving meaningful insights and driving informed decisions.
The Google UX Design Certificate is a comprehensive, fully online program designed to equip learners with the essential skills required for entry-level positions in user experience (UX) design. As of 2025, this certificate remains a valuable resource for individuals aiming to enter the UX field, regardless of their prior experience.
Program Overview
Hosted on the Coursera platform, the Google UX Design Professional Certificate encompasses seven courses that cover a wide array of UX design topics. The curriculum is structured to provide both theoretical knowledge and practical application, ensuring that learners can develop job-ready skills. Key areas of focus include:
User-Centered Design: Understanding and applying design principles that prioritize the needs and experiences of users.
UX Research: Learning methodologies for planning and conducting research studies, including user interviews and usability testing.
Wireframing and Prototyping: Gaining proficiency in creating wireframes and interactive prototypes using industry-standard tools like Figma and Adobe XD.
Usability Testing: Developing skills to test designs with users, gather feedback, and iterate on solutions to enhance usability.
Responsive Web Design: Designing applications and websites that function seamlessly across various devices and screen sizes.
Upon completion, learners will have developed a professional portfolio featuring three end-to-end projects: a mobile app, a responsive website, and a cross-platform experience. This portfolio serves as a tangible demonstration of the skills acquired throughout the program.
Time Commitment and Cost
The program is designed to be flexible, allowing learners to progress at their own pace. On average, it is structured to be completed in approximately six months, with an estimated commitment of 10 hours per week. The cost is based on a monthly subscription model, priced at $49 per month. Therefore, the total investment for the program typically ranges between $234 and $300, depending on the time taken to complete the coursework.
Career Support and Opportunities
Graduates of the Google UX Design Certificate program gain access to a variety of career resources. These include resume-building assistance, interview preparation guidance, and exclusive access to a job board through the Google Career Certificates Employer Consortium. This consortium comprises numerous employers interested in hiring individuals with demonstrated UX design competencies.
The demand for UX designers continues to grow, with over 63,000 open jobs in the field and a median entry-level salary of $115,000 as of 2025. This underscores the potential return on investment for individuals who successfully complete the program and pursue a career in UX design.
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Student Experiences and Considerations
Feedback from program participants highlights several strengths of the Google UX Design Certificate:
Comprehensive Curriculum: Learners appreciate the thorough coverage of fundamental UX concepts and practical applications.
Flexibility: The self-paced nature of the program allows individuals to balance their studies with other commitments.
Portfolio Development: The inclusion of real-world projects enables learners to build a professional portfolio, which is crucial for job applications.
However, some learners have noted areas for improvement:
Peer Feedback: While peer reviews are part of the learning process, some students feel the need for more structured mentorship and professional critique to enhance their learning experience.
Career Support: Although resources are provided, a more robust, structured career support system could further assist graduates in transitioning to the workforce.
Conclusion
In 2025, the Google UX Design Certificate stands as a valuable and accessible pathway for individuals aspiring to enter the UX design profession. Its comprehensive curriculum, practical project work, and flexible online format make it a strong contender for those seeking to develop job-ready skills in a cost-effective manner. Prospective learners should consider their personal learning preferences and career objectives to determine if this program aligns with their professional aspirations.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the field of programming, and Python has emerged as the leading language for AI development due to its simplicity and extensive libraries. In this article, we will explore five AI projects of increasing sophistication, providing a detailed narrative explanation for each, followed by step-by-step implementation details, libraries, and code snippets.
1. Sentiment Analysis (Beginner Level)
Sentiment analysis is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique used to determine the sentiment expressed in text data. It categorizes a given text into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments. This project is useful for analyzing customer reviews, social media feedback, and other text-based inputs.
Implementation Steps:
Preprocess text by tokenizing and normalizing input.
Use NLP techniques to analyze text sentiment.
Classify sentiment based on polarity scores.
Optimize accuracy using a trained dataset.
Libraries Required:
nltk (Natural Language Toolkit)
textblob
Code Implementation:
2. Image Recognition (Intermediate Level)
Image recognition is a core AI application used in facial recognition, self-driving cars, and medical imaging. The project utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify images based on trained datasets.
Implementation Steps:
Load an image dataset.
Normalize images for better training results.
Build a CNN model to process and classify images.
Train and evaluate the model.
Libraries Required:
tensorflow
keras
numpy
matplotlib
Code Implementation:
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3. Chatbot (Intermediate Level)
A chatbot simulates human conversation using NLP. This project involves processing user queries and responding intelligently using pre-defined intents and a neural network-based text classifier.
Implementation Steps:
Define a dataset of user intents and responses.
Tokenize and preprocess text data.
Train a simple neural network to recognize user inputs.
Implement the chatbot to generate responses.
Libraries Required:
nltk
tensorflow
keras
json
pickle
Code Implementation:
4. Object Detection (Advanced Level)
Object detection is a crucial AI application used in security, surveillance, and autonomous vehicles. The YOLO (You Only Look Once) model is a popular choice for real-time object detection.
Stock price prediction leverages deep learning, particularly Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, to forecast future stock prices based on historical data.
Implementation Steps:
Collect and preprocess historical stock data.
Normalize the data for training.
Train an LSTM model on sequential data.
Make predictions and visualize results.
Libraries Required:
pandas
numpy
tensorflow
matplotlib
Code Implementation:
Conclusion
These five AI projects provide a solid foundation for AI development using Python. Beginners can start with sentiment analysis, while advanced users can explore object detection and stock price prediction. By implementing these projects step-by-step, you can gain hands-on experience with AI and deepen your understanding of machine learning techniques.
As technology evolves at an unprecedented pace, the job market adapts accordingly, creating new opportunities and redefining existing roles. The year 2025 is set to witness a surge in demand for tech professionals, with companies seeking candidates who possess cutting-edge skills to drive innovation and efficiency.
This essay explores the most in-demand tech jobs and skills for 2025, backed by real-world examples and key statistics.
Top In-Demand Tech Roles
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) Engineers
With AI transforming industries from healthcare to finance, AI and ML engineers are among the most sought-after professionals. According to a report by LinkedIn, AI-related job postings have increased by 74% year-over-year. Companies like Tesla and Google are heavily investing in AI, creating roles that require expertise in deep learning, natural language processing, and neural networks.
2. Cybersecurity Specialists
The rise in cyber threats has led to a growing need for cybersecurity experts. The global cybersecurity market is expected to reach $366 billion by 2028, as reported by Grand View Research. Organizations such as IBM and Microsoft are expanding their cybersecurity teams to combat increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks.
3. Cloud Computing Engineers
As businesses migrate to cloud platforms, cloud computing professionals are in high demand. Roles focusing on AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud certifications are particularly valuable. A recent Gartner study predicts that public cloud spending will surpass $600 billion in 2025, driving the need for cloud architects and engineers.
4. Data Scientists and Analysts
The ability to analyze and interpret large datasets remains a cornerstone of decision-making. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that data science roles will grow by 36% between 2021 and 2031, far outpacing the average for all occupations. Companies like Netflix leverage data science to enhance user experience and content recommendations.
5. Full-Stack Developers
The demand for web applications continues to rise, making full-stack developers indispensable. Startups and tech giants alike require engineers proficient in both front-end and back-end development, particularly those skilled in JavaScript, Python, and frameworks like React and Node.js.
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Essential Tech Skills for 2025
1. AI and Machine Learning
Understanding AI algorithms, TensorFlow, and Python programming is crucial for engineers working on automation and predictive analytics.
2. Cybersecurity and Ethical Hacking
Proficiency in risk assessment, penetration testing, and cryptography will help professionals protect digital assets from evolving threats.
3. Cloud Computing
Skills in AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are essential for managing cloud-based infrastructure and services.
4. Data Analytics and SQL
The ability to extract insights from big data using tools like SQL, Power BI, and Tableau is a major asset across industries.
5. Software Development and DevOps
DevOps methodologies, containerization (Docker, Kubernetes), and agile development practices streamline software deployment and scalability.
Conclusion
The 2025 tech job market will be defined by advancements in AI, cybersecurity, cloud computing, and data science. Professionals who upskill in these areas will find themselves at the forefront of the industry, securing lucrative and fulfilling careers. With the right expertise and adaptability, tech talent will continue to shape the future of innovation and digital transformation.
Data science has become one of the most lucrative and in-demand career paths in the digital age. With the exponential growth of data and the increasing need for data-driven decision-making, professionals in this field have numerous income opportunities beyond traditional employment.
This essay explores some reliable sources of income that data scientists can leverage to maximize their earning potential.
1. Full-Time Employment :
One of the most stable sources of income for data scientists is full-time employment with companies across various industries, including finance, healthcare, technology, and retail. Many organizations seek skilled data scientists to analyze data, develop predictive models, and optimize business strategies. These roles often come with competitive salaries, benefits, and job security, making them an attractive option for professionals looking for a steady income.
2. Freelancing and Consulting :
Freelancing offers data scientists the flexibility to work with multiple clients on a project basis. Platforms such as Upwork, Fiverr, and Toptal provide opportunities to find clients who need data analysis, machine learning model development, and data visualization services. Additionally, experienced data scientists can establish themselves as consultants, advising businesses on data strategies and analytics solutions for a substantial fee.
3. Online Courses and Tutorials :
With the growing interest in data science, many professionals and students are looking to acquire skills in this field. Data scientists can create and sell online courses through platforms like Udemy, Coursera, or Teachable. They can also produce tutorials and instructional videos on YouTube, monetizing their content through ad revenue, sponsorships, and memberships.
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4. Writing and Blogging :
Technical writing and blogging can be a lucrative source of income for data scientists. Many websites and tech publications pay for high-quality articles on data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Platforms such as Medium, Towards Data Science, and Substack allow data scientists to monetize their writing through subscriptions and sponsorships.
5. Building and Selling Data Products :
Data scientists with programming expertise can develop and sell data-driven products, such as machine learning models, automation scripts, or analytics dashboards. These products can be sold on platforms like Gumroad, AWS Marketplace, or as software-as-a-service (SaaS) solutions. Developing proprietary algorithms and licensing them to businesses can also generate passive income.
6. Participating in Competitions :
Online platforms like Kaggle and DrivenData host data science competitions where participants solve real-world problems for cash prizes and recognition. Winning or ranking high in these competitions can not only provide financial rewards but also enhance a data scientistโs reputation, leading to better career opportunities and collaborations.
7. Speaking Engagements and Workshops :
Experienced data scientists can earn income by speaking at conferences, workshops, and corporate training events. Organizations often seek industry experts to provide insights on data science trends and applications. Conducting in-person or virtual workshops on data analytics and machine learning can also be a profitable venture.
Conclusion :
Data scientists have a wide array of income opportunities beyond traditional employment. By exploring freelancing, online education, writing, product development, competitions, and public speaking, professionals in this field can diversify their revenue streams and maximize their earning potential. The key to success lies in continuously improving skills, staying updated with industry trends, and strategically leveraging available platforms to monetize expertise.
In Meta’s data science and data engineering interviews, candidates often encounter complex SQL questions that assess their ability to handle real-world data scenarios. One such challenging question is:
Question: Average Post Hiatus
Given a table of Facebook posts, for each user who posted at least twice in 2024, write a SQL query to find the number of days between each userโs first post of the year and last post of the year in 2024. Output the user and the number of days between each user’s first and last post.
Table Schema:
posts
user_id (INTEGER): ID of the user who made the post
post_id (INTEGER): Unique ID of the post
post_date (DATE): Date when the post was made
Approach:
Filter Posts from 2024:
Select posts where the post_date falls within the year 2024.
Identify First and Last Post Dates:
For each user, determine the minimum (first_post_date) and maximum (last_post_date) post dates in 2024.
Calculate the Difference in Days:
Compute the difference in days between last_post_date and first_post_date for each user.
Filter Users with At Least Two Posts:
Ensure that only users who have posted more than once are considered.
SQL Solution:
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Explanation:
Common Table Expression (CTE):user_posts_2024 filters posts from 2024 and groups them by user_id. It calculates the first and last post dates and counts the total posts per user.
Main Query: Selects users with more than one post and computes the difference in days between their first and last posts using the DATEDIFF function.
Key Considerations:
Date Functions: The DATEDIFF function calculates the difference between two dates. Note that the syntax may vary depending on the SQL dialect. For instance, in some systems, the order of parameters in DATEDIFF might be reversed.
Filtering by Date: Ensure the date filter accurately captures the entire year of 2024.
Handling Users with Single Posts: By counting posts per user and filtering out those with only one post (post_count > 1), we ensure that only users with multiple posts are considered.
Personal Experience:
In my experience preparing for SQL interviews at major tech companies, including Meta, it’s crucial to practice a variety of SQL problems that test different aspects of data manipulation and analysis. Resources like DataLemur offer curated questions that mirror the complexity and style of actual interview scenarios.
Additionally, engaging in mock interviews and solving problems from platforms like StrataScratch can provide practical experience and enhance problem-solving skills.
By systematically practicing such problems and understanding the underlying concepts, candidates can develop the proficiency needed to excel in SQL interviews at Meta and similar companies.
By 2025, data science and artificial intelligence (AI) continue to evolve, influencing various sectors and reshaping our daily lives. Here are ten key predictions for the landscape of data science and AI in 2025, supported by current statistics and trends:
1. Surge in AI-Driven Personalization
AI algorithms are enabling brands to offer unprecedented levels of personalization. In 2024, 70% of consumers noted a clear distinction between companies effectively leveraging AI in customer service and those that are not. This trend is expected to intensify, with AI delivering tailored experiences across shopping, entertainment, and healthcare.
As AI systems become integral to decision-making, the demand for transparency has surged. In 2024, 94% of data and AI leaders reported an increased focus on data due to AI interest, underscoring the need for explainable AI to build trust and ensure ethical use.
With rising data breaches and privacy concerns, there’s a shift towards privacy-preserving technologies. By 2025, it’s anticipated that 40% of large organizations will implement privacy-enhancing computation techniques in analytics, balancing innovation with security.
AI is moving beyond routine tasks to automate complex processes in industries like law, finance, and healthcare. For instance, automating middle-office tasks with AI can save North American banks $70 billion by 2025.
Governments and organizations are establishing robust AI ethics guidelines and regulatory frameworks. In 2024, 49% of technology leaders reported that AI was fully integrated into their companies’ core business strategy, highlighting the need for ethical oversight.
The fusion of quantum computing and AI is expected to revolutionize areas like drug discovery and cryptography. By 2025, major tech companies are projected to invest significantly in quantum AI research, aiming to achieve breakthroughs in data processing speeds and capabilities.
AI processing is increasingly occurring on devices rather than centralized servers. This shift enhances real-time data processing, reduces latency, and improves data security. The global edge AI software market is projected to reach $3.15 billion by 2025, reflecting this trend.
AI systems capable of understanding and integrating data from multiple sources are becoming standard. In 2024, 83% of Chief Data Officers and data leaders prioritized generative AI, indicating a move towards more advanced, multimodal applications.
AI is playing a pivotal role in addressing climate change by optimizing energy consumption and promoting sustainable practices. By 2025, AI-driven solutions are expected to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 4%, equivalent to 2.4 gigatons of CO2.
User-friendly AI tools are empowering individuals without technical backgrounds. In 2024, 67% of top-performing companies benefited from generative AI-based product and service innovation, reflecting a broader trend towards accessible AI solutions.
In conclusion, 2025 is shaping up to be a transformative year for data science and AI, with advancements poised to enhance personalization, transparency, and efficiency across various sectors. Staying informed and adaptable will be crucial for individuals and organizations aiming to thrive in this dynamic landscape.
In the fast-paced world of technology, data science has emerged as one of the most transformative fields, influencing industries across the globe. Mastering data science requires years of learning and experience, yet we will attempt to distill years of expertise into just few minutes.
This essay highlights the fundamental pillars of data science, its essential tools, and key applications, providing a concise yet comprehensive understanding of this dynamic domain.
1. Foundations of Data Science
Data science is an interdisciplinary field that combines statistics, programming, and domain expertise to extract meaningful insights from data. The journey begins with understanding mathematics, particularly statistics and linear algebra, which form the backbone of data analysis. Probability, hypothesis testing, regression models, and clustering techniques are crucial in interpreting data trends.
Programming is another cornerstone of data science, with Python and R being the most widely used languages. Libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and Scikit-learn in Python facilitate efficient data manipulation, visualization, and machine learning model implementation.
2. Data Collection and Preprocessing
Raw data is rarely perfect. Data scientists spend a significant portion of their time cleaning, preprocessing, and transforming data. Techniques such as handling missing values, removing duplicates, encoding categorical variables, and normalizing data ensure accuracy and reliability. SQL plays a vital role in querying databases, while tools like Apache Spark handle big data efficiently.
3. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
Before diving into modeling, understanding the dataset is crucial. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) involves summarizing main characteristics through statistical summaries, visualizations, and pattern detection. Libraries such as Seaborn and Plotly assist in generating insightful graphs that reveal correlations and anomalies within the data.
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4. Machine Learning and Model Building
Machine learning is the heart of data science. It can be broadly classified into:
Supervised Learning: Algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and neural networks make predictions based on labeled data.
Unsupervised Learning: Techniques such as k-means clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) help uncover hidden patterns in unlabeled data.
Reinforcement Learning: Used in robotics and gaming, this technique allows models to learn optimal strategies through rewards and penalties.
Deep learning, powered by neural networks and frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch, has revolutionized fields such as image recognition and natural language processing (NLP).
5. Model Evaluation and Optimization
Building a model is not enough; assessing its performance is crucial. Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score help evaluate classification models, while RMSE and R-squared measure regression models. Techniques like cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning, and ensemble methods improve model robustness and accuracy.
6. Deployment and Real-World Applications
Once a model is optimized, deploying it for real-world use is the next step. Cloud platforms such as AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure provide scalable solutions. Deployment tools like Flask and FastAPI allow integration with applications. Monitoring and updating models ensure continued performance over time.
7. Future Trends in Data Science
Data science continues to evolve with advancements in AI, automation, and ethical considerations. Explainable AI (XAI), AutoML, and federated learning are reshaping the field. Understanding the ethical implications of AI, including bias mitigation and data privacy, is becoming increasingly important.
Conclusion
years of data science encompasses vast knowledge, yet at its core, it is about transforming raw data into actionable insights. Mastering the fundamentals, staying updated with emerging technologies, and continuously experimenting are key to success in this field. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced practitioner, the journey of data science is one of constant learning and innovation.
In the fast-evolving world of data analytics, staying ahead requires a combination of technical expertise, adaptability, and strategic foresight. As businesses increasingly rely on data-driven decision-making, the role of a data analyst has become pivotal. Here are some key strategies to ensure continued growth and success in this dynamic field.
1. Master Core Technical Skills
The foundation of a successful data analyst lies in their technical proficiency. Core skills such as data manipulation, visualization, and statistical analysis are non-negotiable. Proficiency in tools like Python, R, SQL, and Excel is essential. Furthermore, familiarity with data visualization platforms such as Tableau, Power BI, or Looker can make your insights more impactful and accessible to stakeholders.
To stay ahead, dedicate time to learning emerging technologies and tools. For example, cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud are becoming increasingly relevant for handling large-scale data. Additionally, understanding machine learning fundamentals and algorithms can provide a competitive edge.
2. Adopt a Growth Mindset
The data analytics landscape is constantly changing, with new tools, frameworks, and methodologies emerging regularly. A growth mindsetโcharacterized by curiosity and a willingness to learnโis crucial for staying relevant. Attend workshops, webinars, and industry conferences to keep abreast of the latest trends and best practices.
Online learning platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, and LinkedIn Learning offer specialized courses on topics like advanced data analytics, AI, and big data. Subscribing to industry blogs, podcasts, and newsletters can also help you stay informed about new developments and opportunities.
3. Focus on Business Acumen
Technical expertise is only one part of the equation. Data analysts must also understand the business context of their work. Familiarize yourself with your companyโs industry, goals, and challenges. This knowledge enables you to frame your analysis in a way that directly addresses organizational needs and drives value.
Collaborate with stakeholders to understand their pain points and decision-making processes. By aligning your insights with business objectives, you can position yourself as a strategic partner rather than just a technical resource.
4. Hone Communication Skills
The ability to communicate complex data insights clearly and effectively is a hallmark of a great data analyst. Strong communication skillsโboth written and verbalโare essential for presenting findings to non-technical audiences.
Practice creating concise reports, compelling dashboards, and impactful presentations. Storytelling with data is a valuable skill that helps convey the significance of your analysis. Use visualizations to make data more digestible and actionable for decision-makers.
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5. Build a Strong Professional Network
Networking with other professionals in the field can provide valuable insights, mentorship, and career opportunities. Join online forums, social media groups, and professional organizations such as the International Institute for Analytics (IIA) or the Data Science Association.
Participating in hackathons, meetups, and local events can also expand your network. Engaging with others in the analytics community allows you to exchange ideas, stay inspired, and learn from peersโ experiences.
6. Embrace Automation and Efficiency
In a field where time is of the essence, automating repetitive tasks can significantly boost productivity. Learn to use scripting and automation tools like Python libraries (e.g., Pandas and NumPy) or workflow management platforms such as Apache Airflow.
Additionally, staying informed about advancements in AI and machine learning can help you leverage automation for more sophisticated tasks, such as predictive modeling and anomaly detection.
7. Prioritize Ethical Data Practices
As the volume and importance of data grow, so does the responsibility to handle it ethically. Familiarize yourself with data privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA, and ensure compliance in your work. Ethical data practices build trust with stakeholders and safeguard your organization from legal risks.
Consider taking courses or earning certifications in data ethics and governance to demonstrate your commitment to responsible analytics.
8. Track and Measure Your Progress
Finally, continually evaluate your own growth and performance. Set clear goals, whether itโs mastering a new tool, completing a certification, or improving your presentation skills. Regularly review your achievements and identify areas for improvement.
Solicit feedback from colleagues and supervisors to gain insights into how you can enhance your contributions. By tracking your progress, you can stay motivated and focused on long-term career growth.
Conclusion
The role of a data analyst is both challenging and rewarding. By mastering technical skills, cultivating a growth mindset, and aligning your work with business objectives, you can stay ahead in this competitive field. Communication, networking, and ethical practices further enhance your value as a data professional. Ultimately, a commitment to continuous learning and self-improvement will ensure your success as a data analyst in the ever-changing world of data analytics.
In recent years, the integration of Python into Microsoft Excel has revolutionized the field of data analysis. This development bridges the gap between two of the most widely used tools in data analytics, bringing together the accessibility of Excel with the advanced capabilities of Python. This combination is poised to reshape how data analysts work by enhancing efficiency, enabling advanced analytics, and fostering greater collaboration.
Enhanced Efficiency
One of the most immediate benefits of integrating Python into Excel is the significant boost in efficiency. Excel has long been the go-to tool for basic data manipulation and visualization, while Python excels in handling large datasets, automation, and advanced computations. Previously, analysts had to switch between these tools, exporting and importing data between Excel and Python environments. With Python now embedded in Excel, this workflow becomes seamless, saving time and reducing errors. For instance, tasks like cleaning data, automating repetitive processes, or performing complex calculations can now be executed directly within Excel, eliminating redundant steps.
Advanced Analytics Made Accessible
Pythonโs integration into Excel democratizes access to advanced analytics. Pythonโs robust libraries, such as Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib, empower users to perform sophisticated data manipulation, statistical analysis, and data visualization. Analysts who are already comfortable with Excel can now leverage these powerful tools without needing extensive programming expertise. For example, tasks such as predictive modeling, trend analysis, and machine learningโonce the domain of specialized data scientistsโcan now be performed within Excel by leveraging Python scripts. This makes advanced analytics more accessible to a broader audience, fostering innovation and enabling businesses to extract deeper insights from their data.
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Greater Collaboration
Another transformative aspect of this integration is its potential to enhance collaboration. Data analysts often work alongside professionals who may not have programming expertise but are proficient in Excel. By embedding Python directly into Excel, analysts can create solutions that are easily shared and understood by non-technical team members. Pythonโs ability to generate visually appealing and interactive dashboards, combined with Excelโs familiar interface, ensures that insights are communicated effectively across diverse teams. Additionally, this integration reduces the reliance on external tools, creating a unified platform for analysis and reporting.
Overcoming Challenges
While the integration of Python into Excel offers numerous advantages, it also presents challenges. Users must invest time in learning Python to fully harness its capabilities. Organizations may also need to provide training and resources to bridge the skill gap. Furthermore, managing computational performance within Excel when dealing with large datasets or resource-intensive Python scripts will require careful optimization.
Conclusion
The integration of Python into Excel marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of data analytics. By combining the strengths of both tools, data analysts can work more efficiently, perform advanced analyses, and collaborate more effectively. While there are challenges to address, the potential benefits far outweigh the drawbacks. As this integration continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly reshape the way data analysts work, driving innovation and unlocking new possibilities in the field of analytics.
In a world driven by technology and connectivity, the traditional notion of job hunting has evolved dramatically. The idea of scouring job boards, sending out countless rรฉsumรฉs, and waiting anxiously for responses is becoming a thing of the past. Instead, the concept of allowing the job to find you is gaining traction. This approach is not only more efficient but also positions individuals to attract opportunities that align with their true talents and passions.
Building Your Personal Brand
One of the most effective ways to let jobs come to you is by cultivating a strong personal brand. This involves showcasing your skills, expertise, and achievements in a way that makes you stand out. Platforms like LinkedIn, personal websites, or even professional social media accounts act as digital resumes and portfolios. By regularly sharing insights, projects, and successes, you position yourself as a thought leader in your field, making it easier for recruiters and employers to notice your unique value.
Networking and Connections
Networking remains a cornerstone of career advancement, but in this context, it is about building authentic relationships rather than simply asking for opportunities. Attending industry events, participating in webinars, and engaging in online communities can help you connect with professionals who may later recommend you for roles. Often, the best job opportunities come not from applications but through referrals from trusted connections.
Mastering the Passive Job Search
Even when you are not actively seeking a job, maintaining an updated and visible professional presence is essential. Recruiters and hiring managers often use tools like LinkedIn Recruiter or industry-specific databases to find candidates. By optimizing your profiles with relevant keywords and highlighting your achievements, you increase the chances of being approached for roles that match your skills.
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Upskilling and Staying Relevant
Another key aspect of attracting opportunities is staying ahead in your field. Continuous learning, whether through online courses, certifications, or practical projects, demonstrates a commitment to growth. Employers are naturally drawn to individuals who stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in their industry.
The Shift in Employer Mindset
Employers themselves are changing how they find talent. Instead of relying solely on job postings, many companies now actively search for candidates who align with their values and long-term goals. They look for individuals who demonstrate a strong sense of purpose, creativity, and adaptability. By focusing on building a compelling narrative around your career, you position yourself as someone employers want to pursue.
Conclusion
Letting the job find you is not about being passive; it is about being strategic. By investing in your personal brand, networking authentically, staying visible, and continuously developing your skills, you create a professional persona that attracts opportunities. In this modern age, the most fulfilling jobs are not those we chase but those that are drawn to us because of the value we consistently offer.
In the era of big data and machine learning, data science has emerged as a critical field, enabling businesses and researchers to make informed decisions. However, the backbone of data science lies in mathematics, which is essential for understanding the algorithms, models, and techniques used. For those new to data science, mastering the required mathematical concepts can seem daunting. Here’s a step-by-step guide to learning the math needed for data science.
1. Identify the Core Areas of Mathematics:
The primary areas of math relevant to data science include:
Linear Algebra: This is foundational for understanding concepts like matrices, vectors, and their operations, which are widely used in machine learning algorithms and neural networks.
Calculus: Knowledge of derivatives and integrals is vital for optimization problems, which are at the heart of model training.
Probability and Statistics: These are essential for analyzing data, understanding distributions, and building predictive models.
Discrete Mathematics: Concepts like set theory and graph theory can help in database management and network analysis.
2. Start with Practical Applications:
Rather than diving deep into abstract theory, begin by understanding how math applies to real-world data problems. For instance, learn about matrix operations in linear algebra through examples like image manipulation or recommendation systems. Online tutorials and courses often tie mathematical concepts to coding exercises, making the learning process more engaging.
3. Use Online Resources and Courses:
Platforms like Khan Academy, Coursera, and edX offer beginner-friendly courses in mathematics for data science. Start with foundational topics like basic statistics or linear algebra before progressing to advanced concepts. Many of these courses also incorporate Python or R for practical exercises, allowing you to apply math to data problems immediately.
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4. Practice with Tools and Libraries:
Programming libraries such as NumPy, SciPy, and pandas in Python provide built-in functions to perform mathematical operations. Practicing with these tools not only solidifies mathematical understanding but also prepares you to tackle real-world data science projects.
5. Focus on Problem-Solving:
Solving data science problems on platforms like Kaggle or HackerRank helps reinforce mathematical concepts. For example, while working on a regression problem, you can delve into the calculus behind gradient descent or use statistical tests to validate results.
6. Join Study Groups and Communities:
Collaborating with peers can accelerate learning. Online forums like Stack Overflow or Redditโs r/datascience are excellent places to ask questions, share resources, and learn from othersโ experiences.
7. Maintain a Growth Mindset:
Finally, remember that learning math for data science is a gradual process. Focus on building a solid foundation and tackle advanced topics as your confidence grows. Stay curious, and donโt hesitate to revisit concepts that feel challenging.
Conclusion:
While data science requires proficiency in math, the key to mastering it lies in consistent practice, using real-world applications, and leveraging modern learning tools. By approaching mathematical concepts step by step and integrating them into practical data science projects, youโll not only enhance your technical skills but also gain the confidence needed to excel in this dynamic field.
Becoming a data scientist is a journey that often appears daunting due to the wealth of information, tools, and training programs available. It is easy to fall into the trap of spending excessive money on courses, certifications, and resources. However, with the right approach, you can save both time and money while accelerating your learning process. Here are five crucial lessons every beginner data scientist should know:
1. Master the Fundamentals Before Diving into Advanced Topics:
One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is trying to learn everything at once or jumping directly into advanced topics like deep learning or big data tools. Start with the basics:
Mathematics and Statistics: Build a strong foundation in linear algebra, calculus, probability, and statistics. These are the cornerstones of data science.
Programming: Focus on learning Python or R, as these are the most widely used languages in data science. Master libraries like NumPy, pandas, and matplotlib for data manipulation and visualization.
Data Analysis: Learn to clean, analyze, and draw insights from datasets. Practicing these skills on free datasets from platforms like Kaggle or UCI Machine Learning Repository is cost-effective and impactful.
Skipping the fundamentals can lead to frustration and wasted money on courses that assume prior knowledge.
2. Leverage Free and Open-Source Resources:
The internet is a treasure trove of free resources for aspiring data scientists. Before investing in expensive bootcamps or certifications, explore these options:
Online Courses: Platforms like Coursera, edX, and YouTube offer free or affordable courses from top universities and industry experts.
Open-Source Tools: Familiarize yourself with tools like Jupyter Notebook, scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch, all of which are freely available.
Books and Blogs: Read beginner-friendly books like “Python for Data Analysis” by Wes McKinney and follow blogs by industry leaders to stay updated.
Many successful data scientists have built their careers using these free and open resources, proving that spending a fortune is not a requirement.
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3. Practice Real-World Projects Over Theoretical Learning:
Theoretical knowledge is important, but the real value lies in applying what you learn to real-world problems. Working on projects helps you understand the nuances of data science and builds your portfolio, which is crucial for landing a job. Here are some tips:
Start Small: Begin with simple projects like analyzing a public dataset or building a basic machine learning model.
Participate in Competitions: Platforms like Kaggle and DrivenData host competitions that allow you to solve real-world problems and collaborate with other data enthusiasts.
Contribute to Open-Source Projects: This not only enhances your skills but also helps you build connections in the data science community.
Practical experience is far more valuable to employers than a long list of certifications.
4. Focus on Building a Portfolio, Not Collecting Certificates:
While certifications can be a good starting point, they are not the ultimate measure of your capabilities. Employers prioritize your ability to solve problems and showcase results. Hereโs how to build a compelling portfolio:
Document Your Projects: Clearly explain the problem, your approach, and the results in each project.
Host Your Work: Use platforms like GitHub to display your code and results. A well-maintained GitHub profile can serve as your professional portfolio.
Highlight Diverse Skills: Showcase projects that demonstrate your proficiency in different areas, such as data visualization, machine learning, and natural language processing.
A strong portfolio can open doors to opportunities that even the most expensive certification might not.
5. Network and Seek Mentorship:
Networking and mentorship can significantly accelerate your learning curve and save you from costly mistakes. Connect with professionals in the field through:
LinkedIn: Engage with data scientists by commenting on their posts or asking for advice.
Meetups and Conferences: Attend local or virtual events to learn from experts and grow your network.
Mentorship Platforms: Platforms like Data Science Society or Kaggleโs community forums can connect you with mentors willing to guide you.
Learning from someone who has already navigated the path you are on can provide insights that no course or book can offer.
Conclusion
Becoming a professional data scientist doesnโt require spending thousands of dollars. By focusing on the fundamentals, leveraging free resources, gaining practical experience, building a strong portfolio, and networking with industry professionals, you can achieve your goals without breaking the bank. The key is consistency, curiosity, and a willingness to learn through hands-on practice. Remember, the journey to becoming a data scientist is a marathon, not a sprint. Invest your time wisely, and success will follow.
Designing Spotify, a global music streaming platform, is a popular system design interview question. It challenges candidates to demonstrate their ability to build a scalable, distributed, and user-focused system. This article explores how to design such a platform, considering its functionality, architecture, and challenges.
Understanding the Requirements
Before diving into the design, itโs essential to understand the systemโs requirements. These can be categorized into functional and non-functional requirements.
Low Latency: Provide seamless music playback with minimal buffering.
High Availability: Ensure the system is always accessible.
Data Consistency: Maintain accurate song metadata and playlists.
System Design Overview
Spotifyโs system can be divided into multiple components, each handling a specific aspect of the service:
1. Client Applications
Spotify must offer a rich user experience across platforms like web, mobile, and desktop. The clients communicate with backend services through APIs for functionalities like playback, search, and recommendations.
2. API Gateway
An API Gateway acts as an entry point for all client requests. It routes requests to appropriate backend services, handles rate limiting, and ensures secure communication using HTTPS.
3. Metadata Service
The metadata service stores details about songs, albums, artists, and playlists. A relational database like PostgreSQL or a distributed key-value store like DynamoDB can be used.
Example metadata schema:
Song: ID, title, artist, album, genre, duration.
Playlist: ID, userID, songIDs, creation date.
4. Search Service
Spotifyโs search feature allows users to find songs, artists, or playlists quickly. To achieve this:
Use a search engine like ElasticSearch or Apache Solr for indexing metadata.
Implement autocomplete suggestions for a better user experience.
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5. Music Storage and Streaming
Spotify stores audio files in a distributed file system, often backed by cloud storage services like Amazon S3. For efficient delivery:
Use Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to cache audio files close to users, reducing latency.
Implement adaptive bitrate streaming protocols like HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) to provide smooth playback across varying network conditions.
6. Recommendation Engine
Personalized recommendations are a core feature of Spotify. Machine learning models can analyze user behavior, listening history, and playlists to suggest relevant songs. Key techniques include:
Collaborative Filtering: Recommendations based on similar usersโ preferences.
Content-Based Filtering: Recommendations based on song attributes (e.g., genre, mood).
7. User Data Service
This service manages user profiles, playlists, and preferences. A NoSQL database like MongoDB or Cassandra can efficiently store and retrieve this information.
8. Payment Service
Spotifyโs premium model requires a payment system to handle subscriptions. Integration with third-party payment gateways like Stripe or PayPal is essential for managing transactions securely.
High-Level Architecture
Below is an outline of the architecture for Spotify:
Load Balancer: Distributes traffic across multiple servers to handle user requests efficiently.
Microservices: Each core feature (e.g., search, recommendations, streaming) is handled by independent microservices.
Databases:
SQL Databases: For structured metadata.
NoSQL Databases: For user preferences and activity logs.
Distributed Storage: For storing large audio files.
CDNs: Cache and serve audio files globally.
Event Queue: Use message queues like Kafka to process events (e.g., user activity logging, playlist updates).
Scaling the System
To ensure scalability and performance:
Horizontal Scaling: Add more servers to handle increasing user traffic.
Caching: Use in-memory caches like Redis for frequently accessed data (e.g., popular playlists, recent searches).
Partitioning: Shard databases based on criteria like user IDs or geographic regions.
High Traffic: Handling millions of concurrent users while maintaining low latency.
Consistency vs. Availability: Striking a balance between fast access and accurate metadata.
Global Coverage: Delivering content efficiently to users worldwide.
Copyright Management: Ensuring compliance with music licensing laws.
Machine Learning: Continuously improving recommendation algorithms to enhance user satisfaction.
Conclusion
Designing Spotify involves creating a distributed system capable of handling high traffic while ensuring low latency and high availability. By leveraging modern technologies like microservices, CDNs, and machine learning, developers can build a scalable and robust platform. This system design question tests a candidateโs ability to break down complex problems, prioritize features, and propose practical solutions.
In todayโs data-driven world, the role of a data analyst has emerged as one of the most sought-after professions. A โrealโ data analyst is not merely someone who understands numbers but a professional capable of extracting meaningful insights from data and translating them into actionable strategies. Becoming a proficient data analyst requires a combination of technical expertise, business acumen, and a continuous learning mindset. This essay explores the essential steps to becoming a successful data analyst.
1. Acquiring Foundational Knowledge
The journey to becoming a data analyst begins with understanding the basics. Foundational knowledge in mathematics and statistics is crucial since these form the backbone of data analysis. Concepts such as probability, descriptive statistics, and hypothesis testing are indispensable tools for interpreting data. Moreover, familiarity with Excel is often a stepping stone, as it allows beginners to perform data cleaning and basic analysis tasks.
A firm grasp of SQL (Structured Query Language) is also essential. SQL enables analysts to extract and manipulate data from relational databases, which is a fundamental aspect of the job. These skills form the core of data analysis and serve as the foundation for more advanced techniques.
2. Mastering Technical Skills
A โrealโ data analyst is equipped with advanced technical skills that go beyond basic tools. Learning programming languages such as Python and R is highly recommended. These languages allow analysts to perform complex data manipulation, automate repetitive tasks, and create visualizations. Libraries like Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib in Python, or ggplot2 in R, are invaluable for data analysis.
In addition to programming, proficiency in data visualization tools like Tableau and Power BI is essential. These tools enable analysts to present data in an intuitive and visually appealing way, making it easier for stakeholders to grasp insights. As data grows in size and complexity, familiarity with big data technologies like Hadoop or Spark can also provide a competitive edge.
3. Understanding the Business Context
Technical skills alone do not make a great data analyst. The ability to understand the business context is equally important. A real data analyst knows how to ask the right questions and align their analysis with business objectives. This involves identifying key performance indicators (KPIs), understanding the target audience, and framing insights in a way that drives decision-making.
Business acumen also includes effective communication. Analysts must bridge the gap between raw data and business strategies by presenting findings in a clear and concise manner. Storytelling with data is a powerful skill that ensures stakeholders can act on the insights provided.
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4. Gaining Practical Experience
Real-world experience is crucial for becoming a proficient data analyst. Internships and entry-level positions provide exposure to practical challenges, from handling messy datasets to meeting tight deadlines. Working on personal projects is another excellent way to build experience. By analyzing publicly available datasets, aspiring analysts can create a portfolio that showcases their skills and problem-solving abilities.
Online platforms like Kaggle offer opportunities to work on real-world problems and participate in competitions, allowing analysts to benchmark their skills against a global community. These experiences not only enhance technical proficiency but also foster a deeper understanding of how to approach complex problems.
5. Adopting a Growth Mindset
The field of data analytics is dynamic, with new tools, techniques, and technologies emerging regularly. To stay relevant, a data analyst must adopt a growth mindset and commit to continuous learning. Online courses, certifications, and webinars are excellent resources for staying updated. Certifications from organizations like Google, IBM, or Microsoft can validate an analystโs skills and make them more attractive to employers.
Networking within the data analytics community can also provide valuable insights into industry trends and best practices. Attending conferences, joining professional groups, and engaging in online forums can help analysts stay connected and informed.
6. Building Soft Skills
While technical and analytical skills are critical, soft skills often differentiate a good data analyst from a great one. Problem-solving is at the heart of data analysis, requiring creativity and critical thinking. Time management is equally important, as analysts often juggle multiple projects with competing deadlines.
Teamwork and collaboration are vital, as analysts frequently work with cross-functional teams, including marketing, finance, and operations. The ability to communicate effectively, both verbally and visually, ensures that insights are understood and acted upon.
Conclusion
Becoming a โrealโ data analyst is a multifaceted journey that combines technical expertise, business understanding, and practical experience. It requires a solid foundation in statistics and programming, mastery of visualization tools, and the ability to communicate insights effectively. By continuously learning and adapting to new challenges, aspiring analysts can establish themselves as valuable contributors in the ever-evolving world of data analytics. With dedication and persistence, anyone can transform raw data into powerful insights that drive meaningful change.
In recent years, YouTube has become one of the most popular platforms for content creators to share their work and monetize their efforts. But one question often lingers in the minds of aspiring creators: how much does YouTube actually pay for 1 million views? Having achieved this milestone myself, Iโd like to share my experience and shed some light on how YouTubeโs monetization system works.
The Basics of YouTube Monetization
To understand how much YouTube pays for a million views, itโs important to first grasp how monetization works. YouTube pays creators through its Partner Program, which allows ads to run on their videos. Earnings are based on several factors, including ad impressions, viewer demographics, content type, and the advertiser’s budget. These earnings are typically measured in CPM (Cost Per Mille), which is the amount advertisers pay per 1,000 ad views, and RPM (Revenue Per Mille), which is what the creator actually earns per 1,000 views after YouTubeโs 45% cut.
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Factors That Influence Earnings
When I hit 1 million views on one of my videos, I quickly learned that the amount I earned was not a flat rate. Here are some key factors that influenced my earnings:
Audience Demographics: The majority of my audience was based in the United States and Europe, regions where advertisers tend to pay higher rates. If my viewers were primarily from countries with lower CPM rates, my earnings would have been significantly less.
Content Type: My video was in the “educational” niche, which generally attracts higher-paying advertisers compared to entertainment or general lifestyle content. Topics like finance, technology, and business tend to have higher CPMs due to increased competition among advertisers.
Engagement and Watch Time: Viewer engagement, including how long they watched the video and whether they interacted with ads, played a significant role. Longer videos with mid-roll ads tend to generate more revenue.
Ad Blockers: Not all views result in ad revenue. A significant portion of my audience used ad blockers, which reduced the overall monetizable views.
My Earnings for 1 Million Views
After all these factors were accounted for, my video with 1 million views earned approximately $4,000. This translates to an average RPM of $4. While some creators report earning as little as $1,000 or as much as $10,000 for the same number of views, my earnings fell somewhere in the middle.
Itโs worth noting that these numbers can vary dramatically even for the same creator across different videos. For example, a video about personal finance or real estate might have a CPM of $20-$30, while a video about comedy sketches might only earn $1-$5 per CPM.
Lessons Learned and Insights
Consistency is Key: Hitting 1 million views is an incredible milestone, but itโs not enough to sustain a full-time income on YouTube unless youโre consistently reaching those numbers across multiple videos.
Diversify Revenue Streams: Relying solely on ad revenue can be risky. Sponsorships, merchandise, and affiliate marketing are excellent ways to supplement your income.
Know Your Niche: Choosing a niche with high CPM potential can make a significant difference in your earnings.
Engage Your Audience: Building a loyal audience who watches your content consistently can lead to better ad performance and higher revenue.
Conclusion
So, how much does YouTube pay for 1 million views? The answer isnโt straightforward and depends on numerous factors. For me, the milestone brought in $4,000, but others might earn more or less depending on their niche, audience, and content strategy. If youโre an aspiring creator, focus on creating valuable content, understanding your audience, and exploring multiple revenue streams. The journey to 1 million views is both challenging and rewarding, and itโs just the beginning of whatโs possible on YouTube.
In the competitive job market of 2025, a well-crafted resume can make all the difference for aspiring data scientists. With advancements in technology and increasing demands for specialized skills, hiring managers now look for resumes that are not only tailored but also demonstrate a strong understanding of the data science field.
This guide will walk you through the essential components of the perfect data science resume, helping you stand out in the crowded talent pool.
1. Understand the Role
Before crafting your resume, thoroughly research the specific data science role you are applying for. Data science encompasses various niches, such as machine learning, data analysis, business intelligence, and artificial intelligence. Each position may prioritize different skills, tools, and experiences. Tailoring your resume to the job description ensures relevance and increases your chances of landing an interview.
2. Choose the Right Format
The structure of your resume should be clean and professional. Opt for reverse chronological order, which highlights your most recent experience and achievements first. Use clear section headings, consistent formatting, and bullet points to improve readability. A one-page resume is ideal, but if you have extensive experience, a two-page resume can be acceptable.
3. Start with a Strong Summary
Begin your resume with a compelling summary that highlights your qualifications and career goals. This section should be concise (2-3 sentences) and tailored to the role. For example:
โDetail-oriented Data Scientist with 5+ years of experience in predictive modeling, data visualization, and machine learning. Proficient in Python, SQL, and Tableau, with a proven track record of driving data-driven decision-making in the e-commerce sector. Seeking to leverage analytical expertise to enhance business outcomes at XYZ Corporation.โ
4. Showcase Relevant Skills
The skills section should include technical and soft skills relevant to data science. Group similar skills to improve organization. Example categories include:
In the experience section, focus on achievements rather than responsibilities. Use the STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) method to provide context and demonstrate the impact of your contributions. Quantify your achievements wherever possible. For example:
Developed a machine learning model that increased customer retention by 15%, resulting in a $1M revenue boost.
Automated data cleaning processes, reducing analysis time by 30%.
Conducted A/B testing for a marketing campaign, increasing conversion rates by 10%.
6. Include Education and Certifications
List your educational background, starting with your highest degree. Include relevant coursework, honors, or projects if you are a recent graduate. Certifications in data science, machine learning, or specific tools add credibility. Examples include:
Master of Science in Data Science โ University of XYZ
Highlighting personal or academic projects is essential, especially for candidates with limited work experience. Describe each project briefly, emphasizing your role, the tools you used, and the results. For instance:
Built a predictive analytics model using Python to forecast sales, achieving 95% accuracy.
Designed an interactive dashboard in Tableau to monitor key performance indicators for a non-profit organization.
Analyzed social media trends using sentiment analysis and NLP, generating actionable insights for brand strategy.
8. Tailor for Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS)
Most companies use ATS software to filter resumes before they reach hiring managers. Ensure your resume contains relevant keywords from the job description. Avoid complex formatting, as it can confuse the ATS.
9. Add a Professional Touch
Include links to your professional profiles, such as LinkedIn, GitHub, or a personal portfolio website. This demonstrates transparency and allows recruiters to explore your work further. Ensure these profiles are up-to-date and showcase your skills effectively.
10. Proofread and Edit
Errors in your resume can leave a negative impression. Proofread multiple times or seek feedback from peers. Consider using tools like Grammarly to catch typos and grammatical issues.
Final Thoughts
Creating the perfect data science resume in 2025 requires a blend of technical expertise, strategic presentation, and attention to detail. By aligning your resume with the job requirements, showcasing measurable achievements, and ensuring clarity, you can position yourself as a top candidate. Remember, your resume is your first impressionโmake it count.
Structured Query Language (SQL) is an indispensable tool for data scientists. It provides the means to manage, manipulate, and analyze data stored in relational databases. Mastering SQL not only enhances efficiency in handling large datasets but also equips you to extract actionable insights. Here, weโll discuss some of the best SQL statements to streamline common data science tasks, from data extraction to aggregation and transformation.
1. SELECT: Data Extraction Made Simple
The SELECT statement is foundational for querying data from a database. With its versatility, you can retrieve specific columns, apply filters, and sort results.
This statement allows you to filter data using the WHERE clause and arrange it with ORDER BY. For example, selecting sales data for a specific year can be achieved with this straightforward syntax.
2. GROUP BY and Aggregations: Summarizing Data
Data aggregation is central to many data science tasks. The GROUP BY clause, combined with aggregate functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX, is essential for summarizing data.
This query can help compute metrics like average sales per region or the number of customers per category.
3. JOIN: Combining Data from Multiple Tables
Data often resides in multiple tables, necessitating joins. SQL provides various join types (INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN) to merge datasets.
Using joins, you can connect tables to enrich your data, such as merging customer details with purchase histories.
4. CASE: Conditional Logic in Queries
The CASE statement introduces conditional logic, enabling the creation of new derived columns based on existing data.
This is particularly useful for creating classifications or labels directly in the query.
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5. CTEs and Subqueries: Structuring Complex Queries
Common Table Expressions (CTEs) and subqueries simplify complex SQL tasks by breaking them into manageable parts.
Using a CTE:
CTEs improve readability and allow the reuse of intermediate results in the main query.
6. WINDOW Functions: Advanced Analytics
Window functions are powerful for performing calculations across rows related to the current row, such as rankings or running totals.
These are ideal for scenarios like identifying the top-performing products in each category.
7. INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE: Data Manipulation
For modifying data, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements are invaluable.
Insert new data:
Update existing records:
Delete unwanted rows:
These commands maintain database integrity and keep the dataset relevant for analysis.
8. UNION and UNION ALL: Combining Results
When working with multiple queries, UNION combines results into a single output, ensuring uniqueness, while UNION ALL includes duplicates.
This is helpful for consolidating data from different sources.
9. PIVOT and UNPIVOT: Reshaping Data
SQL allows for reshaping data with PIVOT and UNPIVOT, converting rows into columns or vice versa for easier analysis.
This approach is useful for creating summary tables for reporting.
10. EXPLAIN and Performance Optimization
Lastly, the EXPLAIN statement helps optimize query performance by revealing execution plans.
This ensures your queries are efficient and scalable for large datasets.
Conclusion
SQLโs robustness and versatility make it a cornerstone of data science workflows. By mastering these key statements, data scientists can efficiently manage data extraction, transformation, and analysis tasks. Whether handling large-scale databases or generating quick insights, SQL remains an invaluable ally in the data-driven world.
Python has been a dominant force in the field of data science for over a decade. Known for its simplicity, readability, and a vast ecosystem of libraries, Python has established itself as the go-to language for data scientists worldwide. However, the landscape of data science is constantly evolving, with new tools and technologies emerging. This raises an important question: Is Python still the reigning king of data science?
Pythonโs Dominance in Data Science:
Python’s popularity in data science is largely attributed to its rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks. Libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib provide powerful tools for data manipulation, analysis, and visualization. Additionally, Pythonโs machine learning libraries, such as scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch, have revolutionized how data scientists build and deploy predictive models.
Another key factor in Python’s dominance is its versatility. Python is not only used for data science but also for web development, automation, and scripting. This versatility has made it an attractive choice for individuals and organizations looking to consolidate their tech stack. Its user-friendly syntax also lowers the barrier to entry for beginners, making it a favorite for those new to programming.
Challenges to Pythonโs Reign:
While Python remains a powerful tool, it faces increasing competition. R, a language developed specifically for statistical computing, is still preferred in academia and industries that require advanced statistical analysis. R offers packages like ggplot2 and dplyr that rival Pythonโs capabilities.
Additionally, the rise of languages like Julia and tools like SQL and Tableau has introduced alternatives that are often faster or more specialized. Julia, for instance, is gaining traction for its speed and efficiency in numerical computations, which can be a limitation for Python in certain scenarios.
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Moreover, the field of data science is seeing a shift towards low-code and no-code platforms like Alteryx and DataRobot, which aim to make data science more accessible to non-programmers. These platforms can handle many tasks traditionally performed using Python, potentially reducing its ubiquity.
Emerging Trends in Data Science:
The future of Python in data science also depends on its ability to adapt to emerging trends. For instance, the integration of artificial intelligence and deep learning has created demand for even more specialized tools and frameworks. While Pythonโs TensorFlow and PyTorch dominate this space, competition from platforms like Googleโs JAX and Facebookโs ONNX is growing.
Python also faces challenges in big data environments, where tools like Apache Spark and languages like Scala or Rust are often more efficient. However, Pythonโs adaptability is evident in the development of libraries like PySpark, which bridges the gap between Python and Spark.
Conclusion
While Python faces growing competition, it remains the king of data science due to its extensive library support, versatility, and a large, active community. However, its continued dominance is not guaranteed. As the field evolves, Python must keep pace with new challenges and trends to maintain its position. For now, Pythonโs reign remains strong, but the future of data science may see a more diverse set of tools sharing the throne.
Data science remains one of the most dynamic and in-demand career paths in 2024, offering opportunities to work at the intersection of technology, business, and innovation. However, switching to a career in data science requires more than just enthusiasm; it demands strategic planning, skill acquisition, and a clear understanding of the field’s expectations.
Hereโs a detailed guide on what you need to know before making this significant career change, illustrated with examples to provide clarity.
1. Understand What Data Science Entails
Data science involves extracting insights and actionable knowledge from structured and unstructured data using tools, algorithms, and statistical methods. It encompasses roles such as data analysts, machine learning engineers, and data engineers. Before diving in, ensure you have a clear understanding of the specific domain or role that aligns with your interests.
Example: If youโre transitioning from a marketing background, you might find data analytics or business intelligence more aligned with your expertise, focusing on customer segmentation or campaign performance.
2. Acquire the Necessary Skills
Success in data science hinges on technical and analytical skills. Core competencies include:
Programming Languages: Proficiency in Python, R, or SQL.
Mathematics and Statistics: Understanding probability, linear algebra, and hypothesis testing.
Machine Learning: Familiarity with algorithms like linear regression, decision trees, and neural networks.
Data Visualization: Expertise in tools like Tableau, Power BI, or Matplotlib.
Big Data Tools: Knowledge of Hadoop, Spark, or similar technologies.
Illustrative Example: Consider someone switching from HR to data science. They might focus on Python for data manipulation, Tableau for employee performance dashboards, and predictive modeling for attrition rates.
3. Build Practical Experience
Hands-on experience is essential to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application. Begin with projects or internships that simulate industry challenges.
Example: Suppose youโre coming from a finance background. You can build a portfolio project analyzing stock market trends using Python and machine learning models. This project could demonstrate your ability to predict stock prices and identify market anomalies.
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4. Leverage Your Domain Knowledge
One of the advantages of transitioning to data science is leveraging expertise from your previous field. Data science applications span industries like healthcare, retail, banking, and entertainment. Your prior experience can set you apart.
Example: An architect transitioning to data science might specialize in urban planning by analyzing spatial data to optimize city layouts or building designs.
5. Learn to Communicate Insights
Data science is not just about crunching numbers; itโs about translating data into actionable insights. Developing storytelling skills through data visualization and presentations is crucial for making your findings accessible to non-technical stakeholders.
Illustrative Scenario: A former journalist moving into data science could excel in creating compelling narratives around consumer behavior trends using data visualizations, making them valuable in media analytics or advertising.
6. Understand the Job Market
Before transitioning, research the job market and identify roles that match your skillset. In 2024, companies are increasingly seeking specialists rather than generalists. Specializations in areas like natural language processing, deep learning, or cloud-based data engineering are highly sought after.
Example: If your current role involves IT systems, transitioning into a cloud data engineering position might be a logical step, given your familiarity with cloud platforms like AWS or Azure.
7. Be Ready for a Learning Curve
Switching to data science is not without challenges. The learning curve can be steep, particularly if your background is not technical. Patience and continuous learning are essential.
Example: Someone from a customer service background might find it challenging to grasp machine learning initially but could ease into data science by focusing on customer behavior analytics.
8. Invest in Networking and Mentorship
Networking is crucial to understanding the nuances of the industry and securing opportunities. Joining data science communities, attending workshops, or seeking mentors can provide guidance and open doors.
Illustrative Example: A lawyer interested in legal tech data science might connect with professionals who work on legal analytics platforms, gaining insights into how machine learning is applied to case law prediction.
Conclusion
Switching to a data science career in 2024 offers immense opportunities but requires thorough preparation. By undserstanding the field, acquiring relevant skills, building practical experience, and leveraging domain expertise, you can position yourself for success. Remember, every step of the transition is an investment in a future-proof career that combines analytical rigor with problem-solving creativity.
In an era dominated by digital tools, productivity apps are essential for individuals and businesses alike. These apps streamline tasks, enhance focus, and help achieve goals efficiently. In 2024, several productivity apps stand out, offering unique features that cater to diverse needs. Here’s a look at the best apps for productivity this year.
1. Notion: The Ultimate All-in-One Workspace
Notion continues to lead the productivity app market by offering an unparalleled all-in-one workspace. Combining note-taking, task management, and collaboration tools, itโs ideal for personal use and team projects. In 2024, Notion has introduced AI-powered enhancements, such as automated task prioritization and content generation, making it indispensable for professionals juggling multiple responsibilities.
2. Microsoft To Do: Simplifying Task Management
Microsoft To Do excels as a straightforward, user-friendly app for organizing tasks. With seamless integration into Microsoft 365, users can sync their tasks across devices and applications, including Outlook and Teams. Its clean interface and new focus timer feature make it perfect for individuals looking to stay organized without feeling overwhelmed.
3. Trello: Visual Task Management
Trello remains a favorite for teams and individuals who prefer a visual approach to task management. The app’s card-based system allows for easy organization of projects, and its updated automation features in 2024 enable repetitive tasks to be completed effortlessly. With integrations for tools like Slack and Google Drive, Trello continues to be a go-to choice for collaboration.
4. Evernote: The Classic Note-Taking App
Evernote has reinvented itself in 2024 with a suite of new features, including AI-powered search and handwriting recognition. Itโs the ideal app for users who want a comprehensive platform to capture ideas, organize notes, and manage documents. The updated interface ensures better usability, keeping Evernote relevant in a competitive market.
5. Focus@Will: Enhancing Concentration with Music
For those who struggle with distractions, Focus@Will is a lifesaver. This app uses scientifically designed music to improve focus and productivity. In 2024, it offers customizable playlists based on personality types and specific tasks, ensuring a distraction-free environment.
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6. Slack: Communication for Teams
Slack is more than just a messaging app; itโs a hub for team collaboration. In 2024, Slack has introduced new AI-driven features, including real-time meeting summaries and task generation from chat discussions. With its ability to integrate with tools like Google Workspace, Trello, and Salesforce, Slack enhances productivity for businesses of all sizes.
7. Todoist: Comprehensive Task Management
Todoist is a powerful app for tracking tasks and setting goals. Its intuitive design and gamification features, like productivity streaks, motivate users to stay consistent. In 2024, Todoistโs new priority ranking system helps users tackle urgent tasks effectively, making it a favorite among busy professionals.
8. RescueTime: Tracking and Improving Productivity
RescueTime is the go-to app for those seeking to understand and optimize how they spend their time. With real-time productivity tracking and detailed analytics, it identifies unproductive habits. The 2024 version includes an improved focus mode that temporarily blocks distracting apps and websites, ensuring uninterrupted work.
9. Zapier: Automating Workflows
Zapier simplifies productivity by automating repetitive tasks across different apps. In 2024, Zapier has expanded its compatibility to over 5,000 apps and introduced AI-based workflow suggestions. This allows users to save time and focus on high-value tasks without worrying about mundane processes.
10. Google Workspace: Collaborative Suite
Google Workspace remains an essential productivity tool, offering apps like Google Docs, Sheets, and Drive. In 2024, enhanced AI-powered features, such as smart suggestions and automated data analysis in Sheets, make this suite indispensable for businesses and students. Its cloud-based nature ensures easy collaboration and accessibility.
Conclusion
The best productivity apps in 2024 combine powerful features with ease of use, ensuring individuals and teams can work smarter, not harder. Whether itโs managing tasks, enhancing focus, or automating workflows, these tools cater to various productivity needs. Adopting the right apps can make a significant difference, empowering users to achieve their goals more efficiently.
In the realm of software development, Python stands out as a versatile and widely adopted programming language. Its simplicity and readability make it a favorite among both beginners and experienced developers. However, when it comes to senior-level Python interview questions, the expectations are much higher. Interviewers often craft challenging problems that test not only a candidate’s coding skills but also their deep understanding of the language’s internals, design principles, and problem-solving strategies. One such question has reportedly stumped many seasoned developers, showcasing the complexity of advanced Python concepts.
The Question: A Tricky Problem in Python
Imagine you are presented with the following problem during an interview:
Write a function to identify duplicate integers in a list, returning them in the order they first appear. The function should be efficient in terms of time and space complexity.
For example:
On the surface, the problem seems straightforward. However, achieving the optimal balance between correctness and efficiency is where most candidates struggle.
Common Pitfalls
Inefficient Solutions Many developers jump into the solution by iterating through the list multiple times, using nested loops or structures like list.count().While these approaches yield correct results, they are computationally expensive, leading to a time complexity of O(n2).
Overlooking Order Another frequent mistake is using a set to track duplicates, as sets do not maintain order in Python versions prior to 3.7. While this ensures duplicates are identified, it violates the requirement to preserve the order of first appearance.
Mismanaging Space Complexity Candidates often use additional data structures unnecessarily, leading to bloated space complexity. Efficient senior-level solutions must strike a balance between time and space usage.
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The Optimal Solution
The optimal approach combines a set and a list to efficiently track duplicates while preserving their order:
Explanation:
A set called seen keeps track of all numbers encountered so far.
A list called duplicates ensures the order of first appearance.
The loop checks each number, adding it to duplicates only if it is not already present in that list.
Time Complexity:O(n) โ The loop processes each element exactly once. Space Complexity:O(n) โ The set and list grow with the input size.
Why Many Fail
Overthinking the Problem Senior developers often anticipate hidden traps and over-engineer their solutions, leading to convoluted, error-prone code.
Lack of Familiarity with Python Internals Understanding how set operations and list indexing work is crucial. Developers who lack this knowledge struggle to design optimal solutions.
Pressure in Interviews The stress of performing under time constraints often leads to hasty decisions and overlooked requirements.
Lessons Learned
This deceptively simple question highlights key principles for success in senior-level Python roles:
Master the Basics: A deep understanding of fundamental data structures like sets, lists, and dictionaries is crucial.
Practice Problem-Solving: Regularly tackling algorithmic problems sharpens the ability to write efficient, clean code.
Focus on Clarity: In interviews, clear and concise solutions are as important as correctness.
Failing this question does not reflect a developer’s inadequacy but rather underscores areas for growth. Embracing challenges like this helps developers refine their skills and advance their careers.
Senior-level Python questions like this one reveal the beauty and complexity of the language. Mastering them not only showcases expertise but also builds confidence in tackling real-world problems.
In an age where artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving and becoming more integrated into our daily lives, tools like ChatGPT have emerged as powerful resources for information, creativity, and problem-solving. However, many users are not leveraging this tool to its fullest potential, often due to a common mistake: a lack of specificity in their queries.
The Importance of Specificity
The #1 mistake that 99% of users make when using ChatGPT is asking vague or overly general questions. This lack of clarity can lead to responses that are equally ambiguous, failing to address the user’s actual needs. AI models thrive on context, and the more information you provide, the better the results you will receive. For instance, asking “Tell me about history” will yield a broad, unfocused response, while asking “Can you summarize the causes of World War II?” directs the model to provide a concise and relevant answer.
How Specific Queries Enhance Responses
When users articulate their questions with specific details, they set the stage for more tailored and useful answers. This specificity acts as a guide, enabling the AI to understand the user’s intent and the context of their inquiry. For example, if a user wants to write an essay on climate change, specifying the aspects they want to focus onโsuch as its effects on agriculture or policy responsesโcan lead to a far more engaging and informative interaction.
Moreover, specific queries can help users achieve their goals more effectively. Whether seeking assistance with creative writing, troubleshooting technical issues, or gathering research for a project, providing detailed background information or context can significantly enhance the quality of the output.
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Examples of Effective Questions
To illustrate the impact of specificity, letโs compare a few examples:
Vague Query: “What can you tell me about technology?”
Specific Query: “What are the key technological advancements in renewable energy over the past decade?”
Vague Query: “Give me tips on writing.”
Specific Query: “What are some effective strategies for writing a compelling personal statement for college applications?”
Vague Query: “Explain artificial intelligence.”
Specific Query: “Can you explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning in artificial intelligence?”
In each specific query, the user provides clear context, allowing ChatGPT to generate focused and informative responses that directly address the inquiry.
Conclusion
As we continue to explore the capabilities of AI tools like ChatGPT, it is crucial for users to recognize and avoid the common pitfall of vagueness. By asking specific, detailed questions, users can unlock the full potential of this technology, ensuring that they receive the most relevant and useful information possible. The next time you interact with ChatGPT, remember that specificity is keyโby refining your questions, youโll enhance your experience and make the most of this powerful tool.
In today’s data-driven world, the demand for data scientists has surged. Companies across industries seek professionals who can analyze vast amounts of data to extract meaningful insights, drive decision-making, and foster innovation. With the advent of advanced tools like ChatGPT, aspiring data scientists can harness artificial intelligence to accelerate their learning journey. This comprehensive guide explores how to become a data scientist using ChatGPT, outlining essential skills, resources, and practical steps to achieve success in this field.
1. Understanding the Role of a Data Scientist
Before embarking on the path to becoming a data scientist, itโs crucial to understand the role’s core responsibilities. Data scientists combine statistical analysis, programming, and domain expertise to interpret complex data sets. Their work involves data collection, cleaning, visualization, and applying machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models. Strong communication skills are also essential, as data scientists must convey their findings to non-technical stakeholders.
2. Essential Skills for Data Scientists
To thrive as a data scientist, one must develop a blend of technical and soft skills:
Programming Languages: Proficiency in programming languages such as Python and R is fundamental for data manipulation and analysis. ChatGPT can assist by providing coding examples, explaining syntax, and troubleshooting common programming issues.
Statistical Analysis: Understanding statistical concepts and methodologies is crucial for interpreting data accurately. Using ChatGPT, learners can explore statistical theories, ask for clarifications, and practice problem-solving.
Data Visualization: Data scientists must be adept at visualizing data to communicate insights effectively. Tools like Matplotlib, Seaborn, or Tableau are essential. ChatGPT can recommend visualization techniques and help users understand how to implement them.
Machine Learning: Familiarity with machine learning algorithms, their applications, and limitations is vital. ChatGPT can explain various algorithms, guide users through the implementation process, and suggest resources for deeper learning.
Domain Knowledge: Having domain-specific knowledge allows data scientists to contextualize their findings. ChatGPT can assist users in researching specific industries, trends, and challenges.
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3. Learning Resources
To become a proficient data scientist, leveraging online resources is essential. Hereโs how ChatGPT can enhance the learning experience:
Online Courses: Platforms like Coursera, edX, and Udacity offer specialized courses in data science. ChatGPT can help users choose courses based on their current skill levels and learning goals.
Books and Articles: Reading foundational texts such as โAn Introduction to Statistical Learningโ or โPython for Data Analysisโ provides in-depth knowledge. ChatGPT can summarize concepts or discuss key points from these resources.
Interactive Learning: Websites like Kaggle offer hands-on data science projects. Users can ask ChatGPT for project ideas, guidance on data sets, and tips for competition participation.
Communities and Forums: Engaging with online communities, such as Stack Overflow or Reddit’s data science threads, is invaluable for networking and problem-solving. ChatGPT can help users navigate these platforms and formulate questions for discussions.
4. Practical Steps to Build Experience
Gaining practical experience is crucial in the journey to becoming a data scientist. Hereโs how to leverage ChatGPT for this purpose:
Personal Projects: Starting personal projects allows users to apply their skills and create a portfolio. ChatGPT can suggest project ideas based on interests and help users outline project plans.
Collaborative Work: Collaborating with peers on data science projects fosters teamwork and broadens perspectives. ChatGPT can assist in forming project groups and facilitating communication.
Internships and Job Opportunities: Seeking internships or entry-level positions provides real-world experience. ChatGPT can guide users on how to craft impactful resumes, prepare for interviews, and network effectively.
5. Continuous Learning and Adaptation
Data science is an ever-evolving field. Continuous learning is vital to stay current with the latest trends and technologies. ChatGPT can support users in various ways:
Stay Updated: Following industry news and advancements is essential. ChatGPT can summarize articles, suggest relevant blogs, and recommend thought leaders to follow.
Advanced Topics: Exploring advanced topics like deep learning, natural language processing, and big data analytics can set users apart. ChatGPT can recommend advanced courses and resources to dive deeper into these subjects.
Feedback and Improvement: Seeking feedback on projects and analyses is crucial for growth. ChatGPT can provide constructive feedback on data visualizations and models based on user inputs.
Conclusion
Becoming a data scientist is a rewarding journey filled with opportunities for growth and innovation. By harnessing the power of ChatGPT, aspiring data scientists can streamline their learning process, gain practical experience, and develop the skills necessary to excel in this dynamic field. With dedication, continuous learning, and the right resources, anyone can embark on a successful career in data science and contribute to the ever-expanding world of data-driven decision-making.
Spotify is among the worldโs top streaming platforms, with data science playing a critical role in personalizing user experiences, optimizing recommendations, and driving business decisions. Spotifyโs data scientists must analyze large datasets, recognize patterns, and draw meaningful insights. Hereโs a five-step guide to the essential skills and processes involved in the role of a Spotify data scientist, including data gathering, data cleaning, exploratory analysis, model building, and visualization.
Step 1: Data Gathering โ Collecting and Understanding the Data
The first and most crucial step in any data science process is gathering relevant data. At Spotify, data scientists work with various data types such as user listening history, song metadata, and platform interactions. The data is collected from multiple sources including user interaction logs, music track metadata, and external APIs. Spotify data scientists use platforms like Hadoop and Spark to handle and store data efficiently due to its large volume and need for scalability.
Key Techniques and Tools
Hadoop and Spark: To handle massive data streams.
SQL: For querying databases and performing data extraction.
Python: For managing datasets and preliminary analysis.
Step 2: Data Cleaning โ Preparing the Data for Analysis
Raw data is rarely ready for analysis right off the bat. Data cleaning is a crucial phase that involves filtering out incomplete, incorrect, or irrelevant data to ensure accuracy. For example, Spotify data scientists may remove duplicate songs, clean incomplete user profiles, or format timestamps.
Key Techniques and Tools
Python libraries (e.g., Pandas): For cleaning, filtering, and organizing data.
Regular Expressions (Regex): For text data cleaning.
Handling Missing Values: By techniques like interpolation or mean imputation.
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Step 3: Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) โ Identifying Patterns and Trends
EDA is essential for understanding the dataโs structure and identifying any underlying trends. Spotify data scientists might analyze user behavior by examining listening habits, peak streaming times, or song genre preferences. This phase helps generate hypotheses and prepare the dataset for model building.
Key Techniques and Tools
Matplotlib and Seaborn: For creating visualizations like histograms and scatter plots.
Feature Engineering: Generating new variables that capture significant patterns in data.
Statistical Analysis: Using basic statistics to detect outliers and establish relationships.
Step 4: Model Building โ Creating Algorithms to Make Predictions
The core of Spotifyโs personalized recommendations lies in machine learning models that predict user preferences. Spotify data scientists utilize collaborative filtering, natural language processing (NLP), and neural networks to build recommendation systems. A/B testing is also often employed to evaluate different model configurations.
Key Techniques and Tools
Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow: For building machine learning models.
Collaborative Filtering: To find patterns in user preferences based on listening history.
NLP: For processing song lyrics and generating playlists that fit user tastes.
Step 5: Visualization and Reporting โ Communicating Insights
After building and fine-tuning models, data scientists at Spotify present their findings to various stakeholders. Visualization tools are crucial in making the results understandable and actionable. Spotify data scientists use dashboards and visual reports to display trends, model accuracy, and recommendations.
Key Techniques and Tools
Tableau and PowerBI: For interactive dashboards and reports.
Presentation Skills: To communicate findings effectively to non-technical audiences.
Visualization Techniques: Like heatmaps, line charts, and bar charts.
Conclusion
A Spotify data scientistโs role is both challenging and rewarding, with each of the five steps being integral to the entire data science workflow. Mastering each step helps data scientists provide Spotify users with personalized recommendations and the best possible experience. By developing skills in data gathering, cleaning, EDA, model building, and visualization, aspiring data scientists can make an impactful contribution to music streaming innovation at Spotify.
In todayโs fast-paced world, AI tools like ChatGPT have become essential for streamlining daily tasks, solving problems, and enhancing creativity. One of the most valuable features of ChatGPT is its ability to iterate โ meaning you can refine and adjust prompts to get the most useful response. This essay explores ten iterative ChatGPT prompts that I use every day, highlighting their flexibility and practicality in various contexts, from work productivity to personal growth.
1. Task Prioritization
A daily iterative prompt I use is: “Help me organize my to-do list for today.”
Initially, ChatGPT provides a simple task list. However, by iterating the prompt โ for instance, asking it to prioritize based on deadlines, effort, or urgency โ I can refine the list and have the most pressing tasks at the top. This iterative process ensures Iโm focusing on what matters most throughout the day.
2. Content Brainstorming
When brainstorming for new ideas, I might begin with: “Give me 10 ideas for my next blog post on web design.”
After reviewing the suggestions, I iterate by adding constraints like: “Focus on trending web design techniques for 2024.” This refinement narrows the focus to relevant, timely topics, improving the quality of the suggestions as they evolve with each iteration.
3. Coding Assistance
One of the prompts I regularly use is: “How can I fix this Python error?”
When ChatGPT provides a general solution, I iterate by refining my request: “What if Iโm using a different library, like pandas?” This iterative approach helps me get to a more precise solution tailored to my coding environment, saving me time on troubleshooting.
4. Writing Enhancement
For writing improvement, I start with: “Help me improve this paragraph.”
ChatGPTโs initial suggestions might be broad, so I iterate by asking: “Can you make it sound more formal or academic?” The step-by-step refinements ensure the text meets the tone, clarity, and style I need, especially for professional or creative writing.
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5. Learning New Concepts
To learn new topics, I often begin with a general prompt: “Explain the basics of machine learning.”
Afterward, I refine it by asking: “Can you explain it in simpler terms, like I’m a beginner?” This iterative prompting adjusts the complexity of the explanation based on my understanding, making it easier to grasp difficult concepts.
6. Language Translation and Localization
When dealing with international clients, I might prompt: “Translate this sentence into French.”
If I need to localize it for a specific region, Iโll iterate: “Can you make it sound natural for a French audience from Paris?” This helps ensure the translation feels authentic and contextually appropriate.
7. Personal Growth and Reflection
A common daily prompt is: “What are three things I can do to improve my productivity?”
After seeing general suggestions, I iterate by adding context: “What can I do to improve productivity while working from home?” The personalization makes the advice more actionable and relevant to my current situation.
8. Social Media Strategy
For digital marketing, I often use: “Suggest content ideas for my Instagram business page.”
As I iterate by specifying target audience or industry: “Focus on content for a web design company targeting startups,” the responses become more tailored, helping me craft an effective content strategy.
Conclusion
Using iterative prompts with ChatGPT allows me to tap into its vast capabilities more effectively, making everyday tasks smoother and more efficient. From personal productivity to complex decision-making, these prompts become more refined with each iteration, ensuring the AIโs responses are not only relevant but also actionable. The key to maximizing ChatGPTโs potential lies in constant refinement โ an iterative dialogue that leads to better outcomes over time.
Data science has emerged as one of the most sought-after fields in recent years, and Python has become its most popular programming language. Pythonโs versatility, simplicity, and a vast library ecosystem have made it the go-to language for data analysis, machine learning, and automation. However, mastering Python is not just about knowing syntax or using basic libraries. To truly excel, data scientists must be adept in certain key Python functions. These functions enable efficient data handling, manipulation, and analysis, helping professionals extract meaningful insights from vast datasets. Without mastering these core functions, data scientists risk falling behind in a fast-paced, data-driven world.
1. The map(), filter(), and reduce() Trio
A strong understanding of Python’s functional programming functionsโmap(), filter(), and reduce()โis essential for any data scientist. These functions allow efficient manipulation of data in a clear and concise manner.
map() applies a function to every element in a sequence, making it extremely useful when transforming datasets. Instead of using loops, map() streamlines the code, improving readability and performance.
filter() selects elements from a dataset based on a specified condition, making it a powerful tool for cleaning data by removing unwanted entries without needing verbose loop structures.
reduce() applies a rolling computation to sequential pairs in a dataset, which is vital in scenarios like calculating cumulative statistics or combining results from multiple sources.
While some may think of these functions as โadvanced,โ mastering them is a mark of efficiency and proficiency in data manipulationโan everyday task for a data scientist.
2. pandas Core Functions: apply(), groupby(), and merge()
Data manipulation is one of the most critical aspects of a data scientist’s role, and Pythonโs pandas library is at the heart of this task. Among the various functions in pandas, three stand out as indispensable: apply(), groupby(), and merge().
apply() allows for custom function applications across DataFrame rows or columns, granting tremendous flexibility. It is an essential tool when data scientists need to implement more complex transformations that go beyond simple arithmetic operations.
groupby() enables data aggregation and summarization by grouping datasets based on certain criteria. This function is invaluable for statistical analysis, giving data scientists the power to uncover trends and patterns in datasets, such as sales grouped by region or average purchase value segmented by customer demographics.
merge() is vital for combining datasets, which is common when working with multiple data sources. It allows for seamless data integration, enabling large datasets to be merged, concatenated, or joined based on matching keys. Mastery of this function is crucial for building complex datasets necessary for thorough analysis.
3. numpy Functions: reshape(), arange(), and linspace()
The numpy library, central to scientific computing in Python, provides data scientists with powerful tools for numerical operations. Three functionsโreshape(), arange(), and linspace()โare particularly crucial when dealing with arrays and matrices.
reshape() allows data scientists to change the shape of arrays without altering their data, a common requirement when working with multidimensional data structures. This function is essential for preparing data for machine learning models, where input formats must often conform to specific dimensions.
arange() generates arrays of evenly spaced values, providing a flexible way to create sequences of numbers without loops. It simplifies the process of generating datasets for testing algorithms, such as creating a series of timestamps or equally spaced intervals.
linspace() also generates evenly spaced numbers but allows for greater control over the number of intervals within a specified range. This function is frequently used in mathematical simulations and modeling, enabling data scientists to fine-tune their analyses or visualize results with precision.
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4. matplotlib Functions: plot(), scatter(), and hist()
Data visualization is an integral part of a data scientist’s job, and matplotlib is one of the most commonly used libraries for this task. Three core functions that data scientists must master are plot(), scatter(), and hist().
plot() is the foundation for creating line graphs, which are often used to show trends or compare data over time. Itโs a must-have tool for any data scientist looking to communicate insights effectively.
scatter() is essential for plotting relationships between two variables. Understanding how to use this function is vital for visualizing correlations, which can be the first step in building predictive models.
hist() generates histograms, which are key to understanding the distribution of a dataset. This function is particularly important in exploratory data analysis (EDA), where understanding the underlying structure of data can inform subsequent modeling approaches.
5. itertools Functions: product(), combinations(), and permutations()
The itertools library in Python is a lesser-known but highly powerful toolset for data scientists, especially in scenarios that require combinatorial calculations.
product() computes the Cartesian product of input iterables, making it useful for generating combinations of features, configurations, or hyperparameters in machine learning workflows.
combinations() and permutations() are fundamental for solving problems where the arrangement or selection of elements is important, such as in optimization tasks or feature selection during model development.
Mastering these functions significantly reduces the complexity of code needed to explore multiple possible configurations or selections of data, providing data scientists with deeper flexibility in problem-solving.
Conclusion
The field of data science requires not only an understanding of statistical principles and machine learning techniques but also mastery over the programming tools that make this analysis possible. Python’s built-in functions and libraries are essential for any data scientistโs toolbox, and learning to use them effectively is non-negotiable for success. From the efficiency of map() and filter() to the powerful data manipulation capabilities of pandas, these functions allow data scientists to perform their job faster and more effectively. By mastering these functions, data scientists can ensure they remain competitive and excel in their careers, ready to tackle increasingly complex data challenges.
In the world of large-scale data infrastructure, Netflix has consistently pioneered innovations to meet its vast global audience’s demands. One of its most recent undertakings involves the introduction of a key-value data abstraction layer, a significant milestone in how the company handles the staggering amount of data its platform processes daily. This layer is not merely an optimizationโit represents a fundamental rethinking of how Netflix organizes, accesses, and scales its data.
At its core, Netflixโs key-value data abstraction layer is designed to address the complexities of storing and retrieving data across a distributed environment. The idea behind this abstraction is simple but powerful: it allows various applications and services within Netflix to interact with data in a uniform way, without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. Developers donโt need to concern themselves with which specific database or storage system their data is being written to or read from. Instead, they interact with a high-level API that abstracts these details away, allowing for greater flexibility and scalability.
To understand why Netflix needed to build this abstraction layer, itโs essential to grasp the challenges they face in managing data at scale. Netflix operates in over 190 countries and streams billions of hours of content to millions of users every day. This means that their databases must handle an extraordinary volume of requests and data updates in real time. Moreover, the company uses multiple storage technologiesโeverything from relational databases to NoSQL systems to object storage solutionsโeach suited to specific tasks. Coordinating data across these disparate systems, ensuring consistency, and scaling seamlessly as the number of users grows are formidable challenges.
Traditionally, different teams at Netflix would pick the database technology that best fit their use case. While this approach works well for ensuring performance for specific tasks, it leads to a fragmented system where each service or application must be tightly coupled with its data store. This fragmentation complicates the work of developers, who must become experts in the intricacies of multiple database systems, and of operations teams, who must maintain and optimize a diverse and sprawling infrastructure.
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The key-value data abstraction layer was conceived as a solution to this fragmentation. By abstracting away the specifics of the underlying data stores, Netflix can centralize control over how data is stored and retrieved while still offering the flexibility that individual services require. Developers can request or store data by using simple key-value pairs, and the abstraction layer ensures that these requests are directed to the appropriate storage system. Whether the data resides in a high-speed in-memory cache, a traditional relational database, or a distributed NoSQL system, the abstraction layer seamlessly bridges the gap.
The abstraction layer also plays a critical role in enhancing the resilience of Netflixโs systems. By decoupling services from specific data stores, Netflix can shift data around in the background without affecting the user experience. For example, if a particular database is experiencing high traffic or failures, the abstraction layer can reroute requests to another storage system or a backup replica. This flexibility is vital in a service that demands near-perfect uptimeโusers expect to stream their favorite shows or movies without delay, regardless of whatโs happening behind the scenes.
In addition to improving reliability and scalability, Netflixโs key-value data abstraction layer also optimizes data locality. With a global user base, Netflix needs to ensure that users can access data as quickly as possible, no matter where they are in the world. The abstraction layer supports dynamic routing of data requests, ensuring that data is served from geographically appropriate storage locations. This minimizes latency and improves the overall quality of the streaming experience.
A crucial part of the development process for this system involved extensive collaboration across teams. Engineers needed to ensure that the abstraction layer could work across Netflixโs vast array of services without introducing performance bottlenecks. Achieving this required close coordination between Netflixโs data infrastructure teams, who maintain the backend systems, and the developers working on consumer-facing features. Moreover, Netflixโs culture of innovation meant that the system had to be designed with flexibility in mindโit needed to accommodate future changes in technology and infrastructure without requiring a complete overhaul.
As Netflix continues to grow and innovate, the key-value data abstraction layer stands as a testament to the companyโs forward-thinking approach to data management. It allows Netflix to keep pace with increasing demand while maintaining a seamless, high-performance experience for users. It simplifies the work of developers, who can now build applications without worrying about the complexities of database management. And it enhances the overall reliability of Netflixโs service by providing the flexibility to adapt to any challenges that arise in the future.
Conclusion
This key-value data abstraction layer may not be visible to the average Netflix user, but it is a critical piece of the platformโs ability to scale and innovate. By decoupling services from specific databases and abstracting the complexity of data storage, Netflix has built a robust, flexible system that will serve it well as it continues to push the boundaries of online streaming technology.
Data dashboards are indispensable tools in todayโs data-driven world. They allow users to visualize, interact with, and make sense of large volumes of information quickly. However, creating a great dashboard is more than just compiling graphs and charts. A well-crafted dashboard tells a compelling story through clear, concise, and insightful data representations.
In this article, we will explore how to elevate your dashboard design from good to unmissable, with practical tips and essential principles.
1. Understanding the Purpose
Before designing a dashboard, it’s crucial to ask yourself two important questions:
Who is the audience?
What is the primary purpose of the dashboard?
A dashboard meant for executives, for instance, should focus on high-level KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) that provide a quick overview of business performance, while a dashboard for data analysts might need more granular and interactive data.
2. Data Prioritization and Structure
To avoid overwhelming users with too much information, the data should be organized into a hierarchy of importance. Start with the most crucial insights at the top of the dashboard and include more detailed data further down or as interactive elements. This structure not only keeps the dashboard clean but also ensures users can quickly find what they need.
Best practices:
Top-left positioning: Place critical data in the top-left area, as itโs typically the first place the eye goes.
Progressive disclosure: Show high-level data first, and allow users to drill down into the details if necessary.
3. Choose the Right Visualizations
Choosing the right type of chart or graph is essential to conveying your data accurately and efficiently. Each type of visualization has its strengths and weaknesses, and selecting the wrong one can lead to confusion or misinterpretation of the data.
Visualization Options:
Line charts: Ideal for showing trends over time.
Bar charts: Great for comparing quantities.
Pie charts: Best used for showing proportions (but avoid overuse).
Heat maps: Excellent for showing intensity and variations in large datasets.
Gauges and KPIs: Suitable for tracking performance against targets.
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4. Keep It Simple and Minimalist
Simplicity is the key to great design. A cluttered dashboard can overwhelm the user and obscure key insights. Stick to minimalist principles and ensure every element on the dashboard serves a purpose. Use whitespace effectively to create balance and focus attention on the most important data.
Design tips:
Limit the number of colors: Stick to a consistent color palette, using colors only to highlight important data or categories.
Avoid excessive text: Use concise labels and tooltips for added clarity without overwhelming the visual space.
Interactive elements: Allow users to interact with the dashboard to reveal more details rather than showing everything at once.
5. Interactivity Enhances User Engagement
Interactivity allows users to explore data dynamically rather than passively consuming static visuals. Adding filters, drill-downs, and hover-over effects helps users engage with the data at a deeper level, enabling them to find the insights most relevant to their specific needs.
Interactive elements to consider:
Drill-downs: Clicking on a metric or graph should reveal more detailed data.
Filters: Allow users to filter data by date, category, or other variables.
Hover-over tooltips: Provide additional information without cluttering the dashboard.
6. Maintain Consistency and Brand Identity
A dashboard that aligns with the companyโs branding and design language not only looks professional but also enhances the user experience. Use consistent fonts, colors, and style elements across all charts, graphs, and labels. This reduces cognitive load, making it easier for users to navigate and understand the data.
Branding tips:
Use company colors for graphs and visual elements.
Custom fonts: Use fonts that are in line with the brand guidelines.
Logos and Icons: Incorporate company logos or icons subtly in the header or footer of the dashboard.
7. Test and Iterate
Even the best-designed dashboards may require tweaking once they are in the hands of users. Collect feedback, observe how users interact with your dashboard, and iterate based on their experiences. Usability testing is essential to identify any pain points or areas where the design can be improved for clarity and efficiency.
Testing methods:
User feedback: Conduct interviews or surveys with your users.
Usage analytics: Track how users interact with the dashboard, identifying popular sections and drop-off points.
A/B testing: Compare different versions of a dashboard to see which performs better in terms of user engagement.
Conclusion
Mastering dashboard design requires a blend of understanding user needs, prioritizing key data, choosing appropriate visualizations, and adhering to design principles like simplicity, consistency, and interactivity. By following these best practices, you can elevate your dashboards from functional to unmissable, delivering not only data but actionable insights that drive decision-making.
As data science continues to be a critical driver of innovation and decision-making in organizations, the need for structured, scalable, and effective management of data science talent is more important than ever. One tool that organizations can use to ensure that data science teams are aligned with business goals and equipped with the right skills is a competency framework.
A competency framework outlines the knowledge, skills, behaviors, and proficiencies required for individuals to succeed in their roles within an organization. In the context of a data science team, it serves as a roadmap for talent development, performance evaluation, and hiring practices. Hereโs a step-by-step guide to building an effective competency framework for your data science teams.
1. Understand the Business Needs
Before diving into the technical competencies, itโs essential to start with a clear understanding of the business objectives that your data science team supports. Consider the following questions:
What are the strategic priorities of your organization?
How does the data science team contribute to these priorities?
What future projects or initiatives will the team be expected to tackle?
Understanding these elements will help you align the competencies with organizational goals and ensure that your data science team is capable of driving meaningful outcomes.
2. Define Core Competencies
Data science is a multidisciplinary field, so your competency framework must capture various skill sets. The competencies can be divided into technical skills, business acumen, and soft skills.
Technical Skills
These are the foundational skills that every data scientist must have.
Common technical competencies include:
ProgrammingLanguages: Proficiency in languages like Python, R, and SQL is essential.
Statistical Analysis: Understanding of probability, distributions, and hypothesis testing.
Machine Learning: Knowledge of algorithms such as regression, clustering, classification, and deep learning.
Data Wrangling: Skills in cleaning, transforming, and organizing data for analysis.
Data Visualization: Ability to create impactful visualizations using tools like Tableau, Power BI, or Matplotlib.
Business Acumen
The ability to understand how data insights align with business goals is crucial.
Key competencies include:
Domain Knowledge: Understanding the industry and specific business processes the organization operates within.
Problem-Solving: Framing data problems in a way that is relevant to business objectives.
Communication: Translating technical insights into clear and actionable business recommendations.
Soft Skills
While technical and business skills are key, soft skills ensure team collaboration and leadership. Key areas include:
Collaboration: Working effectively with cross-functional teams.
Leadership: Leading projects, mentoring junior data scientists, and setting the technical direction.
Adaptability: Ability to work in a fast-paced, constantly evolving data landscape.
3. Establish Proficiency Levels
Once the core competencies are defined, the next step is to establish proficiency levels for each competency. Proficiency levels help assess team membersโ growth and provide a framework for career progression. Typical levels may include:
Beginner: Has a basic understanding of the skill but requires supervision and mentorship.
Intermediate: Can apply the skill independently in a variety of contexts.
Advanced: Demonstrates expertise in the skill and can mentor others.
Expert: Recognized authority in the field; can drive innovation and create best practices.
These levels should be clearly defined so that each team member knows what is expected at each stage of their career.
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4. Conduct Skills Assessment
After defining competencies and proficiency levels, it’s important to assess your team’s current capabilities. This can be done through self-assessments, manager evaluations, or more formal performance assessments.
The key is to identify skill gaps both at the individual and team level. This will provide valuable insights into the areas where further development is required, helping to tailor professional development plans and optimize hiring strategies.
5. Create Development Plans
A competency framework should serve as more than just a tool for performance evaluation; it should also be a basis for career development. Based on the skills assessment, create individualized development plans that:
Identify key areas for improvement.
Offer relevant training or learning opportunities (e.g., online courses, certifications, mentorship).
Establish clear career paths that align individual ambitions with team goals.
In addition to focusing on the technical side, development plans should also encourage the cultivation of leadership, communication, and other critical soft skills.
6. Integrate the Framework into Hiring and Performance Management
Once the competency framework is developed, it can be integrated into hiring and performance management processes. Use the defined competencies and proficiency levels to:
Guide Hiring: Develop interview questions and assessments that are aligned with your competency framework. This ensures that new hires possess the necessary skills to be successful in their roles.
Set Performance Metrics: Define clear performance metrics that are based on the competencies and proficiency levels. This will help ensure that performance reviews are objective and aligned with both individual and team goals.
Career Advancement: Use the framework to outline clear career paths and promotions based on proficiency levels in key competencies.
7. Review and Iterate the Framework
Finally, a competency framework is not a static tool. The field of data science evolves rapidly, and so too should your framework. Regularly review and update the competencies, incorporating new technologies, methodologies, and business needs.
AnnualReviews: Conduct an annual review of the framework to ensure it still aligns with organizational goals.
StakeholderFeedback: Gather feedback from team members, managers, and business leaders to continually refine the framework.
Stay Current: Keep pace with industry trends, such as advancements in AI, machine learning, and data engineering, to ensure your team remains competitive.
Conclusion
Building a competency framework for data science teams provides clarity around expectations, drives professional development, and ensures alignment with business goals. By identifying the right mix of technical skills, business knowledge, and soft skills, and continuously updating the framework, you can cultivate a high-performing data science team that is equipped to meet the challenges of todayโs data-driven world.
In the fields of data science and machine learning, understanding and working with data is crucial. Data structures are the foundation of how we store, organize, and manipulate data. Whether you’re working on a simple machine learning model or a large-scale data pipeline, choosing the right data structure can impact the performance, efficiency, and scalability of your solution. Below are the key data structures that every data scientist and machine learning engineer should know.
1. Arrays
Arrays are one of the most basic and commonly used data structures. They store elements of the same data type in contiguous memory locations. In machine learning, arrays are often used to store data points, feature vectors, or image pixel values. NumPy arrays (ndarrays) are particularly important for scientific computing in Python due to their efficiency and ease of use.
Key features:
Fixed size
Direct access via index
Efficient memory usage
Support for mathematical operations with libraries like NumPy
Use cases in ML/DS:
Storing input data for machine learning models
Efficient numerical computations
Operations on multi-dimensional data like images and matrices
2. Lists
Pythonโs built-in list data structure is dynamic and can store elements of different types. Lists are versatile and support various operations like insertion, deletion, and concatenation.
Key features:
Dynamic size (can grow or shrink)
Can store elements of different types
Efficient for sequential access
Use cases in ML/DS:
Storing sequences of variable-length data (e.g., sentences in NLP)
Maintaining collections of data points during exploratory data analysis
Buffering batches of data for training
3. Stacks and Queues
Stacks and queues are linear data structures that organize elements based on specific order principles. Stacks follow the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle, while queues follow FIFO (First In, First Out).
Stacks are used in algorithms like depth-first search (DFS) and backtracking. Queues are important for tasks requiring first-come-first-serve processing, like breadth-first search (BFS) or implementing pipelines for data streaming.
Key features:
Stack: LIFO, useful for recursion and undo functionality
Queue: FIFO, useful for sequential task execution
Use cases in ML/DS:
DFS/BFS in graph traversal algorithms
Managing tasks in processing pipelines (e.g., loading data in batches)
Backtracking algorithms used in optimization problems
4. Hash Tables (Dictionaries)
Hash tables store key-value pairs and offer constant-time average complexity for lookups, insertions, and deletions. In Python, dictionaries are the most common implementation of hash tables.
Key features:
Fast access via keys
No fixed size, grows dynamically
Allows for quick lookups, making it ideal for caching
Use cases in ML/DS:
Storing feature-to-index mappings in NLP tasks (word embeddings, one-hot encoding)
Caching intermediate results in dynamic programming solutions
Counting occurrences of data points (e.g., word frequencies in text analysis)
5. Sets
A set is an unordered collection of unique elements, which allows for fast membership checking, insertions, and deletions. Sets are useful when you need to enforce uniqueness or compare different groups of data.
Key features:
Only stores unique elements
Fast membership checking
Unordered, with no duplicate entries
Use cases in ML/DS:
Removing duplicates from datasets
Identifying unique values in a column
Performing set operations like unions and intersections (useful in recommender systems)
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6. Graphs
Graphs represent relationships between entities (nodes/vertices) and are especially useful in scenarios where data points are interconnected, like social networks, web pages, or transportation systems. Graphs can be directed or undirected and weighted or unweighted, depending on the relationships they model.
Key features:
Consists of nodes (vertices) and edges (connections)
Can represent complex relationships
Efficient traversal using algorithms like DFS and BFS
Use cases in ML/DS:
Modeling relationships in social network analysis
Representing decision-making processes in algorithms
Graph neural networks (GNNs) for deep learning on graph-structured data
Route optimization and recommendation systems
7. Heaps (Priority Queues)
Heaps are specialized tree-based data structures that efficiently support priority-based element retrieval. A heap maintains the smallest (min-heap) or largest (max-heap) element at the top of the tree, making it easy to extract the highest or lowest priority item.
Key features:
Allows quick retrieval of the maximum or minimum element
Efficient insertions and deletions while maintaining order
Use cases in ML/DS:
Implementing priority-based algorithms (e.g., Dijkstra’s algorithm for shortest paths)
Managing queues in real-time systems and simulations
Extracting the top-k elements from a dataset
8. Trees
Trees are hierarchical data structures made up of nodes connected by edges. Binary trees, binary search trees (BSTs), and decision trees are some of the commonly used variations in machine learning.
Key features:
Nodes with parent-child relationships
Supports efficient searching, insertion, and deletion
Binary search trees allow for ordered data access
Use cases in ML/DS:
Decision trees and random forests for classification and regression
Storing hierarchical data (e.g., folder structures, taxonomies)
Optimizing search tasks using BSTs
9. Matrices
Matrices are a specific type of 2D array that is crucial for handling mathematical operations in machine learning and data science. Matrix operations, such as multiplication, addition, and inversion, are central to many algorithms, including linear regression, neural networks, and PCA.
Key features:
Efficient for representing and manipulating multi-dimensional data
Supports algebraic operations like matrix multiplication and inversion
Use cases in ML/DS:
Storing and manipulating input data for machine learning models
Representing and transforming data in linear algebra-based algorithms
Performing operations like dot products and vector transformations
10. Tensors
Tensors are multi-dimensional arrays, and they are generalizations of matrices to higher dimensions. In deep learning, tensors are essential as they represent inputs, weights, and intermediate calculations in neural networks.
Key features:
Generalization of matrices to n-dimensions
Highly efficient in storing and manipulating multi-dimensional data
Supported by libraries like TensorFlow and PyTorch
Use cases in ML/DS:
Representing data in deep learning models
Storing and updating neural network weights
Performing backpropagation in gradient-based optimization methods
Conclusion
Understanding these data structures and their use cases can greatly enhance a data scientistโs or machine learning engineerโs ability to develop efficient, scalable solutions. Selecting the appropriate data structure for a given task ensures that algorithms perform optimally, both in terms of time complexity and memory usage. For anyone serious about working in data science and machine learning, building a strong foundation in these data structures is essential.
In today’s data-driven world, businesses are constantly generating vast amounts of data. However, much of this data is disorderlyโunstructured, noisy, and difficult to analyze. Traditional data analysis techniques often struggle with such messy data. Enter Generative AI, an innovative approach capable of transforming disorderly data into actionable insights. This article delves into how generative AI is revolutionizing the field of data analytics, making sense of complex datasets that were previously challenging to work with.
1. Understanding Disorderly Data
Disorderly data, also known as unstructured data, includes information that doesnโt fit neatly into databases. Examples include text documents, images, social media posts, and even audio or video files. Unlike structured data (such as spreadsheets), disorderly data lacks a predefined format, making it harder to process using traditional algorithms.
2. Challenges in Extracting Insights from Disorderly Data
Disorderly data poses several challenges:
Volume and Variety: The sheer volume and variety of disorderly data make it overwhelming for traditional analysis tools.
Ambiguity and Redundancy: Disorderly data often includes irrelevant or redundant information that complicates analysis.
Contextual Understanding: Extracting meaningful insights from disorderly data requires understanding context, a task that can be challenging for conventional algorithms.
This is where Generative AI comes into play, offering an efficient way to process and make sense of such data.
3. How Generative AI Handles Disorderly Data
Generative AI, powered by advanced algorithms like transformers and neural networks, excels in processing and understanding unstructured data. Here’s how it works:
Pattern Recognition: Generative AI models identify patterns in noisy data that might not be immediately apparent to human analysts.
Data Synthesis: It can generate new data based on learned patterns, filling in gaps, and offering deeper insights into hidden relationships.
Contextual Understanding: With natural language processing (NLP) and other capabilities, Generative AI can understand context in a more human-like manner.
Example Use Case: A retail company wants to analyze customer reviews (text data) to improve its product. Traditional analytics may struggle with the unstructured nature of reviews, but Generative AI can extract common sentiments, identify trends, and even predict future customer preferences.
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4. Key Techniques in Generative AI for Disorderly Data
Natural Language Processing (NLP): Used for extracting meaning from text-based disorderly data, NLP enables AI to process human language and extract key themes.
Image and Video Analysis: Generative models can analyze disorderly visual data, such as images and videos, to find hidden patterns and insights.
Reinforcement Learning: This technique allows generative AI to learn and adapt, refining its analysis of disorderly data over time.
5. Benefits of Using Generative AI for Disorderly Data
Faster Insights: Generative AI can process vast amounts of data quickly, turning disorderly datasets into usable insights within minutes or hours.
Scalability: Whether the dataset is small or massive, generative AI scales effortlessly, handling complex data scenarios that would overwhelm traditional systems.
Reduced Human Effort: By automating data analysis, businesses can reduce the need for extensive human intervention, freeing up resources for other critical tasks.
6. Future Implications of Generative AI in Data Analytics
As generative AI continues to evolve, its application in data analytics will become even more transformative. We can expect advances in the following areas:
Improved Data Augmentation: AI models will be able to generate synthetic data that complements existing disorderly datasets, enriching analysis.
Real-Time Insights: Generative AI will enable real-time insights from streaming data, such as live social media feeds or sensor data.
Greater Predictive Capabilities: By learning from disorderly data, generative AI will enhance its ability to predict trends and behaviors across industries.
Conclusion
Disorderly data, once seen as a challenge, is now a rich resource for actionable insights thanks to Generative AI. By leveraging advanced techniques such as NLP, pattern recognition, and data synthesis, businesses can now harness the power of unstructured data to gain a competitive edge. The future of data analytics lies in generative models that continue to evolve and adapt to the complexities of real-world data.
Generative AI not only makes sense of disorderly data but also unlocks its full potential, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation and growth.
Creating content is only part of the challenge when it comes to writing articles. If no one reads your work, all the effort feels wasted. Many writers make simple but crucial mistakes that prevent their articles from reaching the audience they deserve. Here are the eight most common mistakes that might be keeping your articles unnoticed:
1. Weak Headlines
The headline is the first thing readers see, and if it’s weak, they wonโt bother clicking. Your headline needs to be compelling, clear, and intriguing. Avoid vague or generic titles like โSome Thoughts on Productivityโ and opt for something more engaging like โ10 Powerful Hacks to Boost Your Productivity in One Day.โ
2. Ignoring SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
Even if your content is excellent, failing to optimize it for search engines means that it wonโt appear when people search for related topics. Without proper keywords, meta descriptions, and appropriate use of headers (H1, H2, etc.), search engines might overlook your article, keeping it from potential readers. Doing keyword research and strategically placing them throughout your article is essential.
3. Poor Structure and Formatting
Readers on the web skim articles before diving in. If your content is a large, unbroken block of text, it will intimidate and overwhelm them. Break your content into digestible sections with subheadings, bullet points, and short paragraphs. Adding visuals or relevant images can also make your article more inviting.
4. Not Writing for Your Audience
Understanding your target audience is crucial. If you donโt write in a way that addresses their specific interests, needs, or problems, they wonโt feel connected to your article. Tailor your language, tone, and examples to suit the preferences of your readers. What might work for a tech-savvy audience may not appeal to a more casual reader base.
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5. No Value or Originality
If your article doesnโt offer new insights or actionable advice, itโs likely to get lost among the countless similar pieces online. Readers are always looking for valueโwhether itโs practical tips, a fresh perspective, or in-depth knowledge. Avoid regurgitating common information, and strive to provide something unique or better than what’s already out there.
6. Failing to Promote Your Content
Publishing an article is just the first step. Many writers assume people will automatically find their work, but thatโs rarely the case. Without proper promotion on social media, newsletters, and other platforms, your article will likely stay unnoticed. Make a habit of sharing your content multiple times and across different channels to increase visibility.
7. Overlooking Readability and Engagement
Complex or technical language can turn off readers, especially if the topic doesnโt demand it. Likewise, long, meandering sentences can make your article a chore to read. Keep your writing clear, concise, and conversational. Use engaging language that invites the reader to keep going. Asking questions or using storytelling techniques can also help.
8. Not Updating Old Content
Once an article is published, itโs easy to forget about it. But evergreen contentโarticles that remain relevantโcan drive traffic long after theyโre first published. If you neglect updating your content with the latest information, stats, or trends, readers might overlook it in favor of fresher resources. Regularly reviewing and updating your articles can help them stay visible and valuable.
Conclusion
Avoiding these common mistakes can significantly boost the visibility of your articles. Focus on strong headlines, SEO optimization, audience targeting, and promotion. Donโt forget to structure your articles for readability and keep offering value with unique insights. With a bit of strategy, your content can stand out in the crowded digital space!
Imagine getting paid to do something you love: reading books! While it may sound like a dream, there are legitimate websites and platforms offering substantial rewards for reading and reviewing books, sometimes paying over $500 per read. Here’s a closer look at how you can monetize your passion for books and turn it into a profitable side hustle or even a full-time gig.
1. Kirkus Media
Kirkus Reviews is well-known for its book reviews, especially for indie and self-published authors. They frequently seek talented readers to review unpublished manuscripts, and experienced reviewers can earn around $50-$500 per review depending on the length and complexity. Their demand for unbiased, critical reviews means they expect high-quality feedback.
How to Apply: Submit a resume, writing samples, and a cover letter to Kirkus Media.
Pay: $50-$500 depending on the book and review length.
2. The U.S. Review of Books
The U.S. Review of Books pays freelancers to write detailed book reviews. They accept applications from experienced writers and literary enthusiasts alike. Reviews are typically 250-300 words, and while not every book will yield $500, multiple reviews per month can add up to a significant side income.
How to Apply: Submit a sample review and resume.
Pay: Varies based on assignment; high-demand books can net you substantial pay.
3. Reedsy Discovery
Reedsy Discovery is a platform where reviewers can read and review upcoming books before theyโre released. While the pay structure depends on tips from readers, popular reviewers on the platform can receive over $500 monthly, especially if they build a strong following and review frequently. Reviewers are given free access to advance copies of books.
How to Apply: Create a profile on Reedsy and submit sample reviews.
Pay: Based on tips and reputation, can exceed $500 per month.
4. Online Book Club
Online Book Club offers book lovers the chance to earn while reading and reviewing books. While the first few reviews may be unpaid, experienced members who provide high-quality feedback can earn significantly, with the potential for $60-$100 per review. Over time, consistent work can allow you to make more than $500.
How to Apply: Sign up on their platform, and begin reviewing books.
Pay: Up to $100 per review, depending on your experience and engagement.
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5. BookBrowse
BookBrowse looks for in-depth reviews of fiction and non-fiction books. They are selective with their reviewers, focusing on quality. Though their rates may start lower, experienced reviewers can earn over $500 if they establish a solid reputation and regularly contribute high-quality reviews.
How to Apply: Join their team by submitting a resume and a sample of your writing.
Pay: Varies with potential for significant earnings over time.
6. NetGalley
NetGalley connects reviewers with publishers, giving them access to books before their release. Although NetGalley itself doesnโt pay for reviews, many freelance reviewers utilize the books they receive to review on platforms like Medium, personal blogs, or even self-publish their reviews. Combining these strategies can lead to substantial earnings, well over $500 if you publish consistently.
How to Apply: Sign up as a reviewer.
Pay: Indirect, depends on where you publish reviews.
7. WordsRated
WordsRated offers a unique way to get paid for reading. They are a research data organization that pays people to read books and track various details, such as character development and theme progression. While itโs more data collection than book reviewing, itโs a fascinating option for people who love reading and analyzing books.
How to Apply: Submit an application on their website.
Pay: Can range from $200 to over $500 depending on the project.
8. Booklist Online
Booklist, the review publication of the American Library Association, is constantly on the lookout for freelance book reviewers. Writers who produce detailed, thoughtful, and concise reviews can earn a decent amount for their efforts, with seasoned reviewers capable of making over $500 a month through consistent work.
How to Apply: Contact the editor and submit a sample of your work.
Pay: Varies with potential for steady earnings over time.
9. Womenโs Review of Books
A publication focusing on books by and about women, this outlet pays freelance reviewers to read and critique books. Writers with experience in literary criticism, academia, or the publishing industry are especially in demand.
How to Apply: Submit your application along with samples of previous reviews.
Pay: Can reach up to $500 for high-demand assignments.
Tips to Maximize Your Earnings:
Consistency is Key: The more books you review, the more you can earn. Focus on building a portfolio of quality reviews.
Diversify Platforms: Write for multiple websites and platforms to increase your income streams.
Promote Your Reviews: Platforms like Reedsy and Online Book Club allow reviewers to earn tips. Engage with your audience to maximize your earnings.
Conclusion
If you’re passionate about reading and want to turn that passion into a profitable endeavor, these platforms offer exciting opportunities to get paid for reading books. While it might take some time to build up to earning $500 per book, with dedication and the right strategy, you can definitely turn reading into a lucrative side hustle.
In todayโs data-driven world, networking is essential for data scientists looking to grow their careers. Whether you’re just starting out or already an experienced professional, building a strong network can open doors to new opportunities, collaborations, and insights. Here are some strategies to effectively network as a data scientist.
1. Join Data Science Communities and Forums
Becoming an active member of data science communities is one of the best ways to meet like-minded professionals. Online platforms such as Kaggle, Redditโs data science community, or Stack Overflow allow you to share your work, ask for advice, and participate in discussions. These forums can also serve as a platform to showcase your expertise.
Suggestions:
Participate in Kaggle competitions.
Answer questions on Stack Overflow.
Engage in Reddit threads focused on data science topics.
2. Attend Data Science Meetups and Conferences
Attending meetups, webinars, and conferences can put you face-to-face with industry experts, recruiters, and other professionals. These events provide opportunities to exchange ideas, learn about new trends, and gain insights into how others are tackling challenges in the field. Major conferences like Strata Data Conference, KDD, or PyData are great places to start.
Tips:
Prepare a short introduction about yourself, highlighting your skills and interests.
Have a few questions ready for speakers and attendees to facilitate meaningful conversations.
Follow up with people you meet through LinkedIn or email.
3. Leverage LinkedIn
LinkedIn remains one of the most powerful platforms for professional networking. As a data scientist, keeping your profile updated with your latest projects, publications, and skills can attract recruiters, potential collaborators, or mentors. Joining data science groups and actively participating in discussions also helps build visibility.
Actionable Steps:
Post regularly about your projects, industry trends, or data science news.
Connect with other professionals, and personalize your connection requests with a short note.
Engage with content shared by others in the industry by liking, commenting, or sharing.
4. Contribute to Open-Source Projects
One of the most effective ways to build a network is through contributions to open-source projects. Contributing to libraries like TensorFlow, PyTorch, or pandas showcases your expertise while providing the chance to collaborate with experienced developers and data scientists.
How to Start:
Explore repositories on GitHub that interest you.
Start by fixing bugs, writing documentation, or adding new features.
Engage with the community of contributors and ask questions.
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5. Collaborate on Projects
Collaborating with others on data science projects not only helps you build your portfolio but also expands your professional network. You can team up with other data scientists from online communities, boot camps, or meetups to work on real-world problems or open-source projects.
Where to Find Collaborators:
Join hackathons or data science competitions (e.g., Kaggle).
Reach out to peers in online forums, such as LinkedIn or GitHub, for project collaboration.
Participate in collaborative events like Datathons or sprints.
6. Engage with Thought Leaders
Following and engaging with thought leaders in the data science community is a great way to stay informed about the latest trends and advancements. Many influential data scientists share valuable content through blogs, podcasts, YouTube channels, and social media platforms. Commenting on their content or asking insightful questions can initiate meaningful exchanges.
Key Thought Leaders to Follow:
Andrew Ng (Coursera, AI pioneer)
Hilary Mason (Cloudera Fast Forward Labs)
Hadley Wickham (RStudio, tidyverse)
Ben Lorica (OโReilly Media)
Engage with them on platforms like Twitter or by attending their webinars and talks.
7. Offer to Help or Mentor Others
Networking is a two-way street, and helping others is a great way to build long-lasting relationships. As you gain more experience, consider offering mentorship to newcomers or providing assistance in areas where others might struggle. Not only does this strengthen your network, but it also builds goodwill within the community.
Ways to Contribute:
Offer to review someoneโs code or provide feedback on their portfolio.
Share resources that helped you learn or overcome challenges.
Provide mentorship through programs or boot camps.
Conclusion
Networking as a data scientist involves more than just attending events and collecting contacts. It’s about building meaningful, mutually beneficial relationships that can help you stay informed, find collaborators, and advance your career. By engaging with communities, contributing to open-source projects, and consistently interacting with professionals in the field, you can develop a strong network that will support your growth in the rapidly evolving world of data science.
In recent years, the path to a career in data science has become more flexible. Large tech companies, including Meta (formerly Facebook), increasingly recognize that skills, experience, and demonstrated expertise are just as importantโif not moreโthan formal education. Hereโs a guide on how you can land a data scientist position at Meta, even if you donโt have a traditional degree.
1. Develop Strong Foundations in Mathematics and Statistics
At the core of data science is mathematics, especially statistics and probability. These are essential for understanding data distributions, performing hypothesis testing, and building predictive models.
Self-study: Use free or affordable online resources, like Khan Academy or Coursera, to learn key mathematical concepts.
Practice problem-solving: Engage with platforms like Brilliant.org, which can help deepen your understanding of mathematical principles through interactive exercises.
2. Master Programming Skills
A data scientistโs primary tool is code, and Python and SQL are two languages you must master. Python is essential for data manipulation, analysis, and machine learning, while SQL is used for querying databases.
Python: Focus on libraries such as pandas (for data manipulation), NumPy (for numerical computing), and matplotlib or seaborn (for visualization). Scikit-learn is key for machine learning tasks.
SQL: Learn how to write complex queries and optimize them for performance.
R (Optional): While Meta primarily uses Python, R is another popular language in the data science community for statistical analysis.
Many resources are available, such as:
Codecademy and DataCamp offer interactive courses for both Python and SQL.
LeetCode and HackerRank provide coding challenges that will help you strengthen your problem-solving skills.
3. Gain Proficiency in Data Science Tools
In addition to programming, youโll need hands-on experience with tools that data scientists use daily. These include:
Jupyter Notebooks: Essential for writing, testing, and sharing code in a readable format.
Tableau or Power BI: Visualization tools that allow you to turn raw data into easily digestible insights.
GitHub: For version control and collaborative coding. Create projects and contribute to open-source initiatives to showcase your work.
AWS, GCP, or Azure: Familiarity with cloud services is crucial, as many companies run large-scale data operations on cloud platforms.
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4. Build a Strong Portfolio
Your portfolio will be your most powerful tool when applying for a data science job without a degree. Use it to showcase projects that demonstrate your skills, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. Key projects to consider include:
Predictive models: Create machine learning models that solve real-world problems. Examples include predictive analytics for financial markets, customer behavior, or recommendation systems.
Data visualizations: Use tools like Tableau or Plotly to turn complex datasets into easy-to-understand visual representations.
Kaggle Competitions: Participating in Kaggle data science competitions allows you to solve real-world data problems and gain recognition. Winning or ranking highly in these competitions can help you stand out.
Open-source contributions: Contribute to or build open-source projects related to data science.
5. Network and Build Connections
While skills and experience matter, networking plays an essential role in getting hired. Hereโs how you can build connections:
Attend industry conferences and meetups: Events like PyData, Strata Data Conference, or Meetups focused on data science are great for networking.
LinkedIn: Follow Metaโs employees and recruiters on LinkedIn. Engage with their posts, share your projects, and reach out for informational interviews.
GitHub and Kaggle communities: Collaborating on open-source projects or Kaggle competitions can help you make connections in the industry.
Mentorship: Look for mentors in the data science field who can provide guidance, feedback on your portfolio, and career advice.
6. Learn Metaโs Specific Requirements
Metaโs data scientist role is unique because it emphasizes both technical and analytical skills. Meta typically looks for candidates who are:
Product-focused: You should understand how data science can impact products and user experience.
Curious and independent thinkers: Meta values individuals who can identify problems, propose solutions, and work independently.
Great communicators: You need to translate complex data insights into actionable business strategies that non-technical stakeholders can understand.
7. Prepare for Metaโs Interview Process
Once you land an interview, youโll need to pass Metaโs rigorous technical and behavioral assessments. Here are the steps:
Technical interviews: Expect questions focused on SQL, Python, and statistical problem-solving. You may also face case studies that test your ability to analyze and interpret data.
Behavioral interviews: These focus on Metaโs core values and your ability to work in teams. Expect questions about challenges youโve faced, how you approach problem-solving, and how youโve used data to make product decisions in the past.
To prepare:
Use LeetCode for SQL and Python challenges.
Review statistics and probability concepts thoroughly.
Practice case study interviews through platforms like Interview Query.
8. Showcase Soft Skills
Finally, success at Meta isnโt just about technical know-how. They value soft skills like:
Problem-solving: Show that you can approach complex problems with a structured mindset and logical thinking.
Collaboration: Data scientists often work cross-functionally. Highlight your experience working with teams from different disciplines, such as engineers or product managers.
Communication: Be prepared to explain technical details to non-technical stakeholders. This is crucial in demonstrating your business acumen and value.
Final Thoughts
While a degree can open doors, it is by no means the only path to becoming a data scientist at Meta. By focusing on building practical skills, developing a strong portfolio, and networking effectively, you can stand out to hiring managersโeven without formal academic credentials. Meta and other tech giants are increasingly focused on hiring the best talent, regardless of educational background, making this an exciting time to enter the field of data science.
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened up numerous opportunities for generating income. With just one AI tool, you can tap into various income streams depending on your skill set and goals. Here are several ways to generate income using an AI tool:
1. Content Creation and Writing
AI-powered writing assistants (like GPT-4 or Jasper AI) can help you create content quickly and efficiently. You can offer content writing services such as:
Blog writing: AI can assist in writing SEO-friendly blog posts that attract traffic and drive engagement.
Copywriting: Use AI to generate marketing copy, product descriptions, or landing page content for businesses.
Social media management: Create engaging posts, captions, and ads for clients using AI to save time and boost productivity.
Income Potential: Freelance writing or content creation can bring in anywhere from $500 to $5000 per month, depending on the client base and project size.
2. AI-Powered Design and Video Editing
AI tools like Canva AI and Runway ML allow users to create graphic designs, edit videos, or generate animations with minimal expertise. You can offer:
Logo and brand design: Leverage AI tools to create custom logos, banners, and visual assets for businesses.
Video creation and editing: AI-based video editors allow you to produce marketing videos, YouTube content, or social media clips with minimal effort.
Income Potential: Designers and video editors can earn anywhere from $1,000 to $10,000 per month depending on project scope and complexity.
3. AI-Driven SEO Services
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) tools like Surfer SEO or SEMrush offer AI-powered insights to improve website ranking. By providing AI-enhanced SEO services, you can:
Offer keyword research: Use AI tools to uncover high-volume, low-competition keywords to drive organic traffic for clients.
Optimize web pages: AI tools can suggest improvements to content, headings, and meta descriptions for better search performance.
Generate backlinks: Use AI to analyze competitors and identify backlink opportunities.
Income Potential: SEO specialists often charge between $500 to $5000 per client each month.
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4. AI-Based Chatbots and Customer Support
AI tools like ChatGPT, ManyChat, and Tars allow you to create intelligent chatbots for businesses to automate their customer service and sales processes. You can:
Build chatbots for websites: Create bots that handle customer inquiries, bookings, or lead generation.
Automate social media responses: Set up bots to manage customer interactions on platforms like Facebook or Instagram.
Income Potential: Developing and maintaining chatbots can generate between $500 to $2,500 per bot per month, depending on complexity and functionality.
5. Online Tutoring and Course Creation
AI tools like ChatGPT can assist in creating comprehensive online courses and tutoring services. Whether you want to create educational materials or offer tutoring in specific subjects, AI can help you:
Develop course outlines and materials: Use AI to generate lesson plans, quizzes, and worksheets.
Offer personalized tutoring: Build personalized study plans for students based on their unique needs.
Income Potential: Online tutors and course creators can earn from $100 to $5,000 per month, depending on the number of students or course sales.
6. E-Commerce and Product Recommendations
AI tools like Shopify’s AI assistants or Amazon’s product recommendation algorithms can help streamline e-commerce businesses. You can:
Optimize product listings: Use AI to generate optimized descriptions and titles for better visibility.
Personalize customer experience: AI can recommend products based on customer behavior, increasing conversion rates.
Income Potential: Depending on the scale, e-commerce businesses utilizing AI tools can generate thousands to tens of thousands of dollars in monthly revenue.
Conclusion
With just one AI tool, you can access multiple streams of income. Whether it’s content creation, design, SEO, chatbot development, tutoring, or e-commerce, AI can amplify your productivity and revenue potential. The key is choosing the right AI tool for your skills and market needs. By mastering one tool, you can unlock opportunities that span across industries and client types.
In todayโs data-driven world, organizations are increasingly recognizing the value of data as a strategic asset. However, the way data is delivered and consumed can greatly impact its value. The concept of delivering data as a product, rather than as an application, is gaining traction as it focuses on making data accessible, reusable, and meaningful to a broad range of users. This approach empowers stakeholders to derive insights and make decisions without being constrained by the limitations of traditional applications. Let’s explore the key principles and benefits of treating data as a product.
1. Understanding Data as a Product
When we talk about data as a product, we refer to treating data sets as standalone offerings that users can interact with independently of any specific application. This means the data is curated, well-documented, and easily accessible, much like a well-packaged consumer product. For example, a company might provide a dataset on customer purchasing behavior, along with tools for accessing, filtering, and analyzing that data. The dataset is the product, and itโs delivered in a way that allows users to derive value from it without needing to use a specific application.
Example: Imagine an e-commerce company that collects data on customer interactions. Instead of embedding this data into a specific sales application, the company offers it as a product via an API. Developers, marketers, and analysts can access this data, integrate it into their tools, and use it to gain insights. The data product could include documentation, sample queries, and best practices for use, making it valuable across different teams.
2. Why Not Deliver Data as an Application?
Applications are typically designed for specific tasks or workflows. While they can provide data, they often do so in a way thatโs tightly coupled with the applicationโs functionality. This can limit how data is used. For instance, if customer data is only accessible through a customer relationship management (CRM) application, its use is confined to CRM-related tasks. Users canโt easily leverage the data for other purposes, such as market analysis or product development.
Delivering data as an application can also lead to silos, where different departments or teams only have access to the data through their specific applications, leading to fragmentation and inefficiencies.
Example: A healthcare provider may have patient data locked within an electronic health record (EHR) system. While the EHR is excellent for managing patient care, it might be challenging to extract data for research, population health management, or predictive analytics. If the data were delivered as a product, researchers could access it directly, apply their analytics tools, and derive new insights, unbound by the EHRโs interface or functionality.
3. Principles of Delivering Data as a Product
To successfully deliver data as a product, organizations should adhere to several key principles:
Data Accessibility: Ensure that data is easily accessible to all potential users, not just those using a specific application. This can be achieved through APIs, data warehouses, or cloud platforms that provide direct access to the data.
Documentation and Usability: Like any good product, data should come with comprehensive documentation. This includes details about the dataโs structure, how itโs collected, what it represents, and how it can be used. Usability features like sample queries, data dictionaries, and visual interfaces can make the product more user-friendly.
Interoperability: Data products should be designed to work across different systems and applications. This often means adhering to standards and ensuring that data can be easily integrated with other tools and platforms.
Scalability and Security: As with any product, data must be scalable to handle varying loads and secure to protect sensitive information. This involves implementing robust access controls and ensuring data integrity.
Example: A financial services company might deliver market data as a product through a cloud-based data platform. This platform could allow users to access real-time and historical market data via APIs, with documentation on how to integrate the data into their analytics tools or trading systems. The data product could be designed to scale based on the number of users and the volume of queries while ensuring that sensitive financial information is protected.
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4. Benefits of Data as a Product
Delivering data as a product offers numerous benefits:
Increased Data Utilization: By making data accessible and usable, organizations can increase the value derived from their data assets. Different teams can use the same data for various purposes, leading to more innovative uses.
Enhanced Collaboration: When data is treated as a product, it breaks down silos, allowing for greater collaboration across departments. Teams can access and use the same data, leading to more aligned and informed decision-making.
Flexibility and Innovation: Data products empower users to leverage data in ways that suit their specific needs. This flexibility can drive innovation, as users are not constrained by the limitations of a specific application.
Example: A retail chain could deliver its sales and inventory data as a product to its suppliers. By giving suppliers access to real-time sales data, they can better manage stock levels and anticipate demand, leading to a more efficient supply chain and reduced costs.
5. Challenges and Considerations
While the benefits are significant, there are challenges to delivering data as a product. These include ensuring data quality, managing data governance, and addressing privacy concerns. Organizations must also invest in the right infrastructure and tools to support data productization.
Example: A global corporation might face challenges in ensuring that data products are consistent across different regions with varying privacy laws and data standards. They would need to implement strict governance policies and invest in a scalable data infrastructure to manage this complexity.
Conclusion
Delivering data as a product rather than as an application represents a shift in how organizations think about and manage their data assets. By focusing on accessibility, usability, and flexibility, companies can unlock the full potential of their data, driving innovation, collaboration, and value creation across the organization. While challenges exist, the benefits of this approach make it a compelling strategy for organizations looking to stay competitive in a data-driven world.
YouTube has become a powerful platform for content creators to turn their passions into profitable ventures. When I first started, I never imagined that I could earn $150 per day just by sharing videos. But with time, strategy, and persistence, I made it happen. Hereโs how I did it:
1. Finding My Niche
The first step was to identify a niche that I was passionate about and that had an audience. Instead of going broad, I focused on a specific topic, This helped me build a dedicated audience who were genuinely interested in my content.
2. Creating High-Quality Content
Quality is key on YouTube. I invested time in learning video editing, improving my on-camera presence, and creating scripts that kept viewers engaged. High-quality content attracts more viewers, increases watch time, and encourages subscribers, all of which are critical for monetization.
3. Consistent Upload Schedule
Consistency is one of the most important factors in growing a YouTube channel. I set a schedule and stuck to it, whether it was uploading videos once a week or twice a month. This helped in building anticipation among my audience, who knew when to expect new content.
4. Optimizing for Search (SEO)
To ensure my videos reached as many people as possible, I learned about YouTubeโs search engine optimization (SEO). This involved using the right keywords in titles, descriptions, and tags. I also created custom thumbnails that stood out, which helped improve my click-through rate.
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5. Engaging with My Audience
Building a community was essential. I made it a point to reply to comments, ask for feedback, and even create content based on my audienceโs suggestions. This not only increased my viewer engagement but also encouraged loyalty and repeat viewership.
6. Monetization and Diversification
Once I hit the required threshold (1,000 subscribers and 4,000 watch hours), I applied for the YouTube Partner Program. This enabled me to earn money from ads. However, I didnโt stop there. I also explored affiliate marketing, brand deals, and even selling my own merchandise, which added multiple income streams.
7. Analyzing and Adapting
YouTube provides detailed analytics, which I used to understand what worked and what didnโt. I paid attention to metrics like watch time, audience retention, and traffic sources. This data guided my content strategy, helping me focus on what my audience loved the most.
8. Staying Patient and Persistent
Success on YouTube doesnโt happen overnight. It took months of hard work, learning, and adapting before I started seeing significant income. The key was to stay patient, keep creating content, and never give up, even when the views were low.
Conclusion
Earning $150 per day on YouTube is achievable, but it requires a combination of passion, strategy, and persistence. By focusing on quality content, optimizing for search, engaging with your audience, and exploring multiple revenue streams, you can turn your YouTube channel into a profitable venture. If I could do it, so can you!
Creating eye-catching thumbnails is crucial for the success of your YouTube channel. Thumbnails serve as the first impression for potential viewers and can significantly influence whether someone clicks on your video. Testing these thumbnails to ensure they effectively grab attention is just as important. While there are external tools available to assist with A/B testing and analytics, you can perform basic thumbnail testing directly within YouTube Studio without any third-party tools. Here’s how you can do it:
1. Use the ‘Custom Thumbnail’ Feature
YouTube allows you to upload custom thumbnails for your videos. To test different thumbnail options, follow these steps:
Go to YouTube Studio and click on “Content” in the sidebar.
Select the video you want to test.
Click on the current thumbnail to open the thumbnail selection menu.
Upload your new custom thumbnail and save the changes.
While this method doesn’t provide a direct A/B comparison, you can monitor the performance of each thumbnail over time.
2. Analyze Click-Through Rates (CTR)
The key metric to gauge thumbnail effectiveness is the Click-Through Rate (CTR). You can find this data within YouTube Studio:
Navigate to “Analytics” and select “Overview.”
Under “Reach,” you’ll see the CTR for your video.
Monitor the CTR after changing your thumbnail. A higher CTR indicates that your new thumbnail is more engaging.
Keep in mind that other factors, such as video title and metadata, also affect CTR. However, a noticeable change after updating the thumbnail can be a good indicator of its effectiveness.
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3. Observe Viewer Engagement
Another way to test your thumbnails is by analyzing viewer behavior:
Go to the “Engagement” tab in YouTube Studio Analytics.
Look at metrics like average view duration and audience retention.
If your updated thumbnail attracts more clicks, but viewers quickly leave, it might be drawing in the wrong audience. Ensure that your thumbnail accurately represents the content of your video to maintain engagement.
4. Use Traffic Source Data
Understanding where your viewers are coming from can also provide insights into your thumbnail’s effectiveness:
In the “Reach” tab, check the “Traffic source types” section.
If you see an increase in traffic from “YouTube Search” or “Browse features” after changing the thumbnail, itโs likely more appealing to viewers browsing or searching on YouTube.
5. Compare to Similar Videos
You can compare the performance of your thumbnail with those of similar videos on your channel:
In YouTube Studio, go to “Analytics” and then “Overview.”
Scroll down to see the “Top videos” section.
Compare the CTR and engagement metrics of your video against others in the same niche.
This comparison can help you understand if the new thumbnail aligns with the overall performance trends of your content.
Conclusion
While YouTube doesnโt offer built-in A/B testing tools for thumbnails, you can still effectively test and refine your thumbnails directly within YouTube Studio. By regularly updating your thumbnails and closely monitoring metrics like CTR, engagement, and traffic sources, you can optimize your videoโs first impression and boost its performance without needing any external tools. This process might require some manual effort, but the insights gained can be invaluable in growing your channel.
Data engineering is a rapidly growing field, and as demand for skilled professionals rises, finding the right job opportunities is crucial. Whether youโre an experienced data engineer or just starting your career, knowing where to search for job openings can make all the difference. Hereโs a roundup of the top 10 career websites for data engineers.
1. LinkedIn
LinkedIn is more than just a social network for professionalsโitโs a powerful job search tool, particularly for those in tech. The platform offers tailored job recommendations based on your profile, connections, and industry trends. LinkedIn also allows you to connect directly with recruiters and other professionals in your field, making it easier to tap into hidden job markets.
Key Features:
Extensive job listings tailored to your experience.
Networking opportunities with professionals and recruiters.
Company reviews and salary insights.
2. Indeed
Indeed is one of the largest job search engines globally, aggregating job postings from various sources, including company career pages and job boards. Its simple interface allows you to filter jobs by location, salary, experience level, and more, making it easy to find relevant positions in data engineering.
Key Features:
Wide range of job listings from multiple sources.
Advanced search filters for more precise job searches.
Company reviews and ratings to help you evaluate potential employers.
3. Glassdoor
Glassdoor is known for its comprehensive company reviews and salary information, making it a valuable resource for job seekers who want to research potential employers before applying. In addition to job listings, Glassdoor provides insights into company culture, interview processes, and employee satisfaction, helping you make informed decisions.
Key Features:
Job listings with company ratings and reviews.
Detailed salary reports specific to data engineering roles.
Insights into company culture and interview processes.
4. Hired
Hired is a unique platform that allows tech professionals, including data engineers, to be approached by companies rather than applying for jobs themselves. By creating a profile showcasing your skills and experience, you can receive interview requests from employers who are actively seeking candidates with your qualifications.
Key Features:
Employers reach out to you directly with interview requests.
Transparent salary offers before the interview stage.
Curated job matches based on your profile and preferences.
5. AngelList
AngelList is a go-to platform for those interested in working with startups, many of which are in the tech industry. The site allows you to apply directly to startup job postings and provides information on company funding, team size, and culture, making it easier to assess whether a startup is the right fit for you.
Key Features:
Focus on startup job opportunities, including remote roles.
Direct application process with hiring managers.
Insights into company size, funding, and culture.
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6. Stack Overflow Jobs
Stack Overflow, known for its Q&A community for developers, also offers a job board specifically tailored to tech professionals. The platform allows you to showcase your developer skills and participate in the community, which can lead to job offers from companies that value your expertise.
Key Features:
Job listings focused on tech roles, including data engineering.
Opportunities to demonstrate your skills through community participation.
Filtered search based on technology stack, location, and more.
7. GitHub Jobs
GitHub Jobs is a job board for developers and tech professionals hosted by GitHub, the popular platform for code hosting and version control. While the job board is smaller than some others, it offers high-quality listings from companies looking for skilled engineers, especially those familiar with GitHubโs ecosystem.
Key Features:
Job listings focused on tech and developer roles.
Direct connection with companies that value open-source contributions.
Opportunity to showcase your GitHub profile and projects.
8. Dice
Dice is a specialized job board for tech professionals, offering a wide range of listings in data engineering, software development, and IT. The platform also provides career advice, salary insights, and tech news to keep you informed about industry trends and job market conditions.
Key Features:
Tech-focused job listings, including many data engineering roles.
Industry news and career resources to stay updated on trends.
Salary information and job market insights.
9. SimplyHired
SimplyHired aggregates job listings from various sources, similar to Indeed, but with a simpler interface and a focus on filtering jobs to match your exact criteria. Itโs a great resource for finding data engineering jobs across different locations and experience levels.
Key Features:
Aggregated job listings from multiple sources.
Easy-to-use interface with advanced search filters.
Salary estimates and job trend data.
10. Kaggle Jobs
Kaggle, known for its data science competitions, also offers a job board where companies post openings for data engineering and data science roles. If youโve participated in Kaggle competitions, your profile can serve as a portfolio, showcasing your skills to potential employers.
Key Features:
Job listings focused on data roles, including engineering.
Ability to showcase your competition results as part of your profile.
Opportunities to connect with companies that value data-driven skills.
Conclusion
Finding the right job as a data engineer requires not just technical skills, but also knowing where to look. These top career websites offer a range of opportunities, from startups to established tech giants, and provide the tools you need to connect with the right employers. Whether youโre looking to make your next career move or just exploring the market, these platforms can help you land the job that aligns with your skills and aspirations.
The data industry is booming, and with it comes a multitude of career paths and opportunities. Whether youโre a data scientist, analyst, or engineer, deciding where to go next in your data career can be both exciting and daunting. Hereโs a guide to help you navigate the various options and figure out the best direction for your professional growth.
1. Deepening Your Technical Expertise
One natural step in your data career is to deepen your technical expertise. If youโre already proficient in tools like Python, R, SQL, or data visualization platforms like Tableau and Power BI, consider honing more advanced skills. Specializations such as machine learning, deep learning, or big data technologies (e.g., Hadoop, Spark) are highly sought after and can set you apart from the competition.
Action Steps:
Enroll in advanced courses or certifications in your area of interest.
Participate in hackathons or data science competitions like Kaggle.
Work on personal or open-source projects to apply new skills in a practical context.
2. Transitioning to Data Engineering
If you enjoy the technical side of data but want to focus on the infrastructure and architecture, transitioning to data engineering could be a rewarding move. Data engineers are responsible for building and maintaining the systems that store, process, and analyze data, ensuring that data pipelines are robust and scalable.
Action Steps:
Gain proficiency in programming languages like Python, Java, or Scala.
Learn about database systems, ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes, and cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.
Consider certifications like AWS Certified Data Analytics or Google Cloud Professional Data Engineer.
3. Moving Into Data Science Leadership
For those with a few years of experience under their belt, moving into leadership roles can be a significant next step. Data science managers, directors, or even Chief Data Officers (CDOs) are increasingly in demand as companies recognize the importance of data-driven decision-making.
Action Steps:
Develop strong communication and project management skills to effectively lead teams.
Understand the business side of data to align your teamโs efforts with company goals.
Seek mentorship from current leaders in the field and network within the industry.
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4. Specializing in a Niche Field
The data industry offers numerous niche areas where you can specialize, such as healthcare analytics, financial data analysis, or sports analytics. Focusing on a niche can make you an expert in that domain, opening up opportunities in specific industries.
Action Steps:
Identify a niche that aligns with your interests and the industry demand.
Take specialized courses or certifications tailored to that field.
Network with professionals in that niche to learn about emerging trends and opportunities.
5. Exploring AI and Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are among the fastest-growing areas in data science. If youโre intrigued by creating algorithms that can learn and make decisions, this could be the next frontier in your career.
Action Steps:
Learn foundational AI/ML concepts through online courses or advanced degrees.
Work on projects that involve natural language processing, computer vision, or predictive analytics.
Stay updated with the latest research and advancements in AI and ML by attending conferences or reading academic journals.
6. Becoming a Data Consultant
If you prefer a more dynamic and varied role, becoming a data consultant might be the path for you. Consultants work with different clients to solve specific data challenges, often bringing in fresh perspectives and innovative solutions.
Action Steps:
Build a strong portfolio showcasing your ability to deliver results.
Develop excellent communication and problem-solving skills to adapt to different industries and client needs.
Consider working for a consulting firm to gain experience before branching out on your own.
7. Entering Academia or Research
For those passionate about advancing the field of data science, entering academia or research can be a fulfilling option. This path allows you to contribute to the body of knowledge in data science while mentoring the next generation of professionals.
Action Steps:
Pursue advanced degrees (e.g., Ph.D.) in data science or related fields.
Focus on publishing research papers and presenting at conferences.
Engage in collaborations with academic institutions or research labs.
Conclusion
The direction you take in your data career depends on your interests, strengths, and the kind of impact you want to make. Whether you choose to deepen your technical skills, move into leadership, specialize in a niche, or explore new areas like AI and consulting, the key is continuous learning and adaptation. The data industry is constantly evolving, and by staying curious and proactive, you can carve out a rewarding and successful career path.
Data science continues to evolve rapidly, driven by advancements in technology, increasing volumes of data, and the growing demand for data-driven decision-making across various sectors. The year 2024 brings several notable developments in the field of data science, influencing how data is collected, processed, analyzed, and utilized. This article explores the key advancements and trends shaping data science in 2024.
1. Enhanced Machine Learning and AI
A. AutoML and Democratization of AI
AutoML Advancements: Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) tools have become more sophisticated, enabling non-experts to build complex machine learning models. These tools handle data preprocessing, feature selection, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning with minimal human intervention.
Democratization of AI: With the rise of user-friendly AI platforms, more organizations can leverage AI without needing extensive technical expertise. This democratization is making AI accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and even individual users.
B. Explainable AI (XAI)
Transparency in AI Models: Explainable AI has gained traction, addressing the black-box nature of many AI models. XAI techniques provide insights into how models make decisions, enhancing trust and enabling regulatory compliance.
Application in Critical Sectors: In healthcare, finance, and legal sectors, where transparency and accountability are paramount, XAI is crucial for adopting AI technologies.
2. Advanced Data Integration and Management
A. Data Fabric and Data Mesh
Data Fabric: This architecture integrates data across various environments, including on-premises, cloud, and hybrid systems. It enables seamless data access, management, and governance, breaking down data silos.
Data Mesh: A decentralized data architecture that promotes data ownership within business domains. It enhances scalability and agility by treating data as a product and emphasizing self-service data infrastructure.
B. Real-Time Data Processing
Stream Processing: Technologies like Apache Kafka, Apache Flink, and Amazon Kinesis have improved, facilitating real-time data ingestion, processing, and analysis. Real-time analytics are increasingly crucial for applications in finance, e-commerce, and IoT.
Edge Computing: With the proliferation of IoT devices, edge computing has become more prevalent. It allows data processing closer to the data source, reducing latency and bandwidth usage.
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3. Enhanced Data Privacy and Security
A. Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs)
Federated Learning: This technique enables model training across multiple decentralized devices or servers while keeping data localized. It enhances privacy by avoiding central data aggregation.
Differential Privacy: Differential privacy techniques are being integrated into data analysis workflows to ensure that individual data points cannot be re-identified from aggregate data sets.
B. Data Governance and Compliance
Regulatory Frameworks: Stricter data privacy regulations worldwide, such as GDPR, CCPA, and new regional laws, require organizations to implement robust data governance frameworks.
AI Ethics and Responsible AI: Organizations are increasingly focusing on ethical AI practices, ensuring that AI systems are fair, transparent, and accountable.
4. Improved Data Visualization and Interpretation
A. Augmented Analytics
AI-Driven Insights: Augmented analytics uses AI and machine learning to enhance data analytics processes. It automates data preparation, insight generation, and explanation, enabling users to uncover hidden patterns and trends quickly.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP capabilities in analytics platforms allow users to query data and generate reports using natural language, making data analysis more accessible.
B. Immersive Data Visualization
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): VR and AR are being used to create immersive data visualizations, providing new ways to interact with and understand complex data sets.
Interactive Dashboards: Enhanced interactive features in dashboards allow users to explore data dynamically, improving the analytical experience and decision-making process.
5. Domain-Specific Data Science Applications
A. Healthcare
Precision Medicine: Advances in data science are driving precision medicine, where treatments are tailored to individual patients based on their genetic, environmental, and lifestyle data.
Predictive Analytics: Predictive models are used for early disease detection, patient risk stratification, and optimizing treatment plans.
B. Finance
Fraud Detection: Machine learning models for fraud detection are becoming more sophisticated, utilizing vast amounts of transactional data to identify and prevent fraudulent activities.
Algorithmic Trading: Data science continues to revolutionize algorithmic trading, with models that analyze market trends and execute trades at high speeds.
C. Environmental Science
Climate Modeling: Advanced data science techniques are improving climate models, helping predict weather patterns and understand the impacts of climate change.
Sustainability Initiatives: Data analytics is playing a crucial role in sustainability initiatives, from optimizing resource usage to monitoring environmental health.
Conclusion
The developments in data science in 2024 are transforming how data is leveraged across various industries. Enhanced machine learning and AI capabilities, advanced data integration and management techniques, improved data privacy and security measures, and innovative data visualization tools are driving this transformation. As these trends continue to evolve, the role of data science in solving complex problems and driving business innovation will only become more significant. Organizations and professionals in the field must stay abreast of these advancements to harness the full potential of data science in the coming years.
Power BI is a powerful business analytics tool by Microsoft that enables users to visualize and share insights from their data. One of the core components of effectively using Power BI is data modeling. Data modeling in Power BI involves organizing and structuring data to create a coherent, efficient, and insightful data model that facilitates accurate reporting and analysis. This guide will explore the fundamentals of data modeling in Power BI, including key concepts, best practices, and illustrative examples.
Introduction to Data Modeling
Data modeling is the process of creating a data model for the data to be stored in a database. This model is a conceptual representation of data objects, the associations between different data objects, and the rules. In Power BI, data modeling helps in organizing and relating data from different sources in a way that makes it easy to create reports and dashboards.
Key Concepts in Power BI Data Modeling
1. Tables and Relationships
Tables: Tables are the fundamental building blocks in Power BI. Each table represents a collection of related data.
Relationships: Relationships define how tables are connected to each other. They can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many.
2. Primary Keys and Foreign Keys
Primary Key: A unique identifier for each record in a table.
Foreign Key: A field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table.
3. Star Schema and Snowflake Schema
Star Schema: A central fact table surrounded by dimension tables. It is straightforward and easy to understand.
Snowflake Schema: A more complex schema where dimension tables are normalized into multiple related tables.
4. DAX (Data Analysis Expressions)
A formula language used to create calculated columns, measures, and custom tables in Power BI.
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Steps to Create a Data Model in Power BI
1. Import Data
Use Power BI’s data connectors to import data from various sources such as Excel, SQL Server, Azure, and online services.
2. Clean and Transform Data
Use Power Query Editor to clean and transform data. This includes removing duplicates, filtering rows, renaming columns, and more.
3. Create Relationships
Define relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys to connect related data.
4. Create Calculated Columns and Measures
Use DAX to create calculated columns and measures for advanced data calculations and aggregations.
5. Define Hierarchies
Create hierarchies in dimension tables to facilitate drill-down analysis in reports.
6. Optimize the Data Model
Optimize data model performance by minimizing the number of columns, reducing data granularity, and using summarized data where possible.
Best Practices for Data Modeling in Power BI
1. Use a Star Schema
Prefer a star schema over a snowflake schema for simplicity and performance.
2. Keep the Data Model Simple
Avoid unnecessary complexity. Use clear and descriptive names for tables and columns.
3. Normalize Data
Normalize data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
4. Create Measures Instead of Calculated Columns
Use measures for aggregations as they are calculated on the fly and do not increase the data model size.
5. Optimize Relationships
Use single-directional relationships when possible to improve performance.
Conclusion
Data modeling is a critical aspect of creating efficient and insightful Power BI reports and dashboards. By understanding and applying the key concepts and best practices discussed in this guide, you can create robust data models that support accurate analysis and reporting. Remember to keep your data model simple, use a star schema, and optimize for performance. Happy data modeling!
This article provides a comprehensive overview of data modeling in Power BI, with practical steps, best practices, and illustrative examples to guide you through the process.
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ย ุฏููู ุดุงู ู – Power BI ูู ุฐุฌุฉ ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ูู
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ูู ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุชุญููู ุฃุนู ุงู ูููุฉ ู ู ู ุงููุฑูุณููุช Power BI
The data job market has grown exponentially over the past decade, driven by the increasing reliance on data-driven decision-making across industries. As we move into 2024, several key trends and insights are shaping the landscape of data-related careers. This article explores the current state, emerging trends, in-demand roles, required skills, and future outlook of the data job market.
1. Current State of the Data Job Market
The demand for data professionals continues to rise, with businesses across sectors investing heavily in data capabilities to gain a competitive edge.
A. High Demand for Data Talent
Industries: Finance, healthcare, retail, technology, and manufacturing are leading sectors.
Roles: Data scientists, data analysts, data engineers, and machine learning engineers are in high demand.
B. Competitive Salaries and Benefits
Compensation: Competitive salaries, sign-on bonuses, and comprehensive benefits packages are common.
Remote Work: Increased flexibility with remote and hybrid work options.
2. Emerging Trends in the Data Job Market
A. Increased Adoption of AI and Machine Learning
AI Integration: Companies are integrating AI and ML into their operations for predictive analytics, automation, and customer personalization.
Specialized Roles: Growing demand for AI specialists, machine learning engineers, and deep learning experts.
B. Emphasis on Data Privacy and Security
Regulations: Stricter data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA) are driving the need for data governance and compliance roles.
Security: Increased focus on data security, leading to demand for data security analysts and cybersecurity experts.
C. Rise of DataOps and MLOps
DataOps: Streamlining data management and analytics workflows to enhance efficiency and collaboration.
MLOps: Managing machine learning lifecycle, from development to deployment and monitoring.
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3. In-Demand Data Roles in 2024
A. Data Scientist
Responsibilities: Analyzing complex data sets, developing predictive models, and providing actionable insights.
Skills: Proficiency in Python, R, SQL, machine learning, and statistical analysis.
B. Data Engineer
Responsibilities: Designing, building, and maintaining data pipelines and architectures.
Skills: Expertise in ETL processes, data warehousing, and cloud platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP).
C. Machine Learning Engineer
Responsibilities: Developing, deploying, and optimizing machine learning models.
Skills: Strong programming skills (Python, Java), deep learning frameworks (TensorFlow, PyTorch), and model deployment.
D. Data Analyst
Responsibilities: Interpreting data, generating reports, and supporting business decision-making.
Skills: Proficiency in data visualization tools (Tableau, Power BI), Excel, and SQL.
E. Data Privacy Officer
Responsibilities: Ensuring data privacy compliance and managing data protection strategies.
Skills: Knowledge of data privacy laws, risk assessment, and data governance.
4. Essential Skills for Data Professionals in 2024
A. Technical Skills
Programming: Python, R, SQL, and other relevant languages.
Data Visualization: Tools like Tableau, Power BI, and D3.js.
Big Data Technologies: Hadoop, Spark, Kafka, and related technologies.
Cloud Computing: AWS, Azure, GCP, and cloud data services.
B. Soft Skills
Communication: Ability to translate complex data insights into actionable business recommendations.
Problem-Solving: Strong analytical and critical thinking skills.
Collaboration: Working effectively in cross-functional teams.
5. Future Outlook and Opportunities
A. Continuous Learning and Adaptation
Lifelong Learning: Staying updated with the latest tools, technologies, and methodologies.
Certifications: Earning relevant certifications (e.g., AWS Certified Big Data, Google Data Engineer) to enhance credibility.
B. Emerging Fields
Data Ethics: Growing importance of ethical considerations in data collection and analysis.
Quantum Computing: Potential impact on data processing and analytics, leading to new roles and opportunities.
C. Global Opportunities
Remote Work: Expanding opportunities for remote data jobs, allowing access to global talent pools.
Diverse Markets: Increasing demand for data professionals in emerging markets and developing economies.
Conclusion
The data job market in 2024 is characterized by rapid growth, high demand for skilled professionals, and exciting new opportunities driven by technological advancements. By staying abreast of emerging trends, acquiring essential skills, and continuously learning, data professionals can thrive in this dynamic and rewarding field. The future of the data job market holds immense potential for those ready to embrace its challenges and opportunities.
Passive income is money earned with minimal active involvement, allowing you to build wealth and financial security over time. While many passive income strategies require initial investment, there are several ways to generate passive income without any upfront cost. This article explores various methods to create passive income from scratch.
1. Leverage Your Skills and Talents
One of the most effective ways to create passive income is by leveraging skills you already possess.
A. Freelancing to Build Capital
Platforms: Sign up on freelancing websites like Upwork, Fiverr, or Freelancer.
Services: Offer skills like writing, graphic design, programming, or digital marketing.
Building a Portfolio: Use initial earnings to build a portfolio that can be leveraged later.
B. Creating Digital Products
E-books: Write and publish e-books on topics youโre knowledgeable about. Use platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing.
Online Courses: Create online courses and sell them on platforms like Udemy, Teachable, or Skillshare.
Templates and Printables: Design digital templates or printables to sell on Etsy or Gumroad.
2. Content Creation
Content creation is a powerful way to generate passive income with no money upfront.
A. Blogging
Start a Blog: Use free blogging platforms like WordPress.com or Blogger.
Content: Write about topics youโre passionate about or have expertise in.
Monetization: Earn through ads (Google AdSense), affiliate marketing, and sponsored posts.
B. YouTube
Create a YouTube Channel: Use your smartphone to start a channel.
Content: Focus on engaging and valuable content that attracts viewers.
Monetization: Earn through YouTube Partner Program (ad revenue), sponsorships, and merchandise.
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3. Social Media and Influencer Marketing
Building a social media presence can lead to multiple passive income streams.
A. Growing Your Following
Platforms: Choose platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or Twitter.
Engagement: Consistently post valuable and engaging content.
Authenticity: Build a genuine connection with your audience.
B. Monetization
Sponsored Posts: Collaborate with brands for sponsored content.
Affiliate Marketing: Promote products and earn a commission on sales through affiliate links.
Brand Partnerships: Establish long-term partnerships with brands for ongoing income.
4. Creating a Personal Brand
A strong personal brand can open doors to various passive income opportunities.
A. Establishing Your Brand
Identity: Define your niche and unique selling proposition (USP).
Consistency: Maintain consistency in your content, messaging, and visuals.
Engagement: Actively engage with your audience to build trust and loyalty.
B. Expanding Income Streams
Digital Products: Sell e-books, courses, and printables under your personal brand.
Membership Sites: Create membership sites where users pay for exclusive content.
Merchandise: Design and sell branded merchandise.
5. Utilizing Free Resources and Learning
Continuous learning and networking can significantly enhance your passive income journey.
A. Free Educational Resources
YouTube Tutorials: Learn new skills and strategies through free tutorials.
Online Courses: Enroll in free courses on platforms like Coursera, edX, or Khan Academy.
Podcasts and Blogs: Stay updated with industry trends and insights.
B. Networking and Communities
Online Communities: Join forums, Facebook groups, or LinkedIn groups related to your niche.
Networking: Connect with like-minded individuals, share experiences, and explore collaboration opportunities.
6. Transitioning to Passive Income
As you build active income streams, gradually transition them into passive income.
A. Automation
Tools: Use automation tools for social media posting, email marketing, and customer management.
Delegation: Outsource tasks to freelancers or virtual assistants.
B. Investment of Earnings
Reinvestment: Reinvest your earnings into scalable passive income streams.
Diversification: Diversify your income sources to reduce risk and ensure stability.
Conclusion
Creating passive income with no money requires creativity, resourcefulness, and consistent effort. By leveraging your skills, creating valuable content, building a personal brand, and continuously learning, you can generate passive income streams that contribute to your financial independence. Start small, stay persistent, and gradually expand your passive income portfolio.
Analyzing sales data from a coffee shop provides valuable insights that can inform decision-making processes, enhance customer experiences, and improve profitability.
This article outlines a comprehensive data analysis project for a coffee shop, detailing the steps taken to gather, process, and analyze sales data.
Objectives
The primary objectives of this data analysis project include:
Understanding sales trends over time.
Identifying the most popular products.
Analyzing sales by time of day and day of the week.
Evaluating the impact of promotions.
Understanding customer preferences and behavior.
Data Collection
Data Sources
Data for this project can be collected from various sources, including:
Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems: Transaction data, including product, quantity, price, time, and date.
Customer Surveys: Feedback on products, service quality, and preferences.
Loyalty Programs: Data on repeat customers and their purchasing habits.
Sample Data
For simplicity, consider the following sample data structure from the POS system:
Transaction_ID
Date
Time
Product
Quantity
Price
Promotion
1
2024-07-01
08:05
Latte
2
5.00
None
2
2024-07-01
08:15
Espresso
1
3.00
None
3
2024-07-01
08:45
Cappuccino
1
4.50
10% Off
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Data Processing
Data Cleaning
Data cleaning involves removing duplicates, handling missing values, and correcting errors. For instance:
Missing Values: Filling or removing missing entries.
Duplicates: Removing duplicate transactions.
Incorrect Entries: Correcting any discrepancies in product names or prices.
Data Transformation
Transform the data into a format suitable for analysis. This may include:
Datetime Conversion: Convert date and time strings to datetime objects.
Feature Engineering: Create new features like Day of Week, Hour of Day, and Total Sales.
Example in Python using Pandas:
Data Analysis
Sales Trends Over Time
Analyzing sales over different time periods helps identify trends and seasonal patterns.
Daily Sales: Sum of sales for each day.
Weekly and Monthly Trends: Aggregating daily sales into weekly or monthly totals to observe longer-term trends.
Popular Products
Identifying the best-selling products can guide inventory and marketing strategies.
Sales by Time of Day and Day of Week
Understanding peak hours and busy days helps in staff scheduling and promotional planning.
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Impact of Promotions
Evaluate the effectiveness of promotions by comparing sales during promotional periods with regular periods.
Customer Preferences and Behavior
Analyzing data from loyalty programs and surveys can provide insights into customer preferences.
Visualization
Visualizing the analysis results makes it easier to communicate insights.
Line Charts: For sales trends over time.
Bar Charts: For product popularity and sales by day/hour.
Pie Charts: For market share of different products.
Heatmaps: For sales distribution across different times and days.
Example Visualizations
Sales Trends
Product Popularity
Conclusion
This coffee shop sales analysis project demonstrates how to collect, process, and analyze sales data to gain valuable insights. By understanding sales trends, popular products, and customer behavior, coffee shop owners can make informed decisions to enhance their operations and profitability. Implementing data-driven strategies can lead to better inventory management, targeted marketing campaigns, and improved customer satisfaction.
In the ever-evolving landscape of data science, staying ahead of the curve requires a keen understanding of the skills that are driving the industry forward. As we move further into 2024, several key competencies have emerged as critical for data scientists. These skills not only enhance individual capabilities but also ensure that organizations can leverage data effectively to drive decision-making and innovation. Here are the five data science skills you canโt ignore in 2024:
1. Advanced Machine Learning and AI
Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) continue to be at the forefront of data science. As these technologies evolve, the demand for advanced expertise in this area has skyrocketed. Understanding complex algorithms, neural networks, and deep learning frameworks is crucial.
Deep Learning: Mastery of deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch is essential. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, focuses on neural networks with many layers (deep neural networks). These are particularly effective in tasks such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and complex pattern recognition.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): With the explosion of unstructured data from sources like social media, customer reviews, and other text-heavy formats, NLP has become a vital skill. Understanding NLP techniques such as sentiment analysis, entity recognition, and language generation is critical for extracting meaningful insights from text data.
Model Optimization: Beyond building models, optimizing them for performance and efficiency is key. Techniques like hyperparameter tuning, cross-validation, and deployment-ready solutions ensure that ML models are both robust and scalable.
2. Data Engineering
Data engineering is the backbone of data science, ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed efficiently. With the volume of data growing exponentially, the role of data engineers has become more crucial than ever.
Big Data Technologies: Proficiency in big data tools such as Hadoop, Spark, and Kafka is vital. These technologies enable the processing and analysis of large datasets that traditional databases cannot handle.
Data Warehousing Solutions: Understanding cloud-based data warehousing solutions like Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, and Snowflake is important. These platforms offer scalable, flexible, and cost-effective data storage and processing solutions.
ETL Processes: Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes are fundamental in preparing data for analysis. Knowledge of ETL tools like Apache NiFi, Talend, and Informatica ensures that data is clean, reliable, and ready for use.
3. Data Visualization and Storytelling
Data visualization and storytelling are about transforming data into actionable insights. The ability to communicate complex information in a clear and compelling way is invaluable.
Visualization Tools: Proficiency in tools such as Tableau, Power BI, and D3.js is essential. These tools help create interactive and intuitive visual representations of data.
Design Principles: Understanding design principles and best practices for visual communication ensures that visualizations are not only aesthetically pleasing but also effective in conveying the intended message.
Storytelling Techniques: Beyond visualization, storytelling involves crafting a narrative that contextualizes data insights. This skill is critical for engaging stakeholders and driving data-driven decision-making.
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4. Cloud Computing and Data Management
Cloud computing has revolutionized the way data is stored, processed, and analyzed. Familiarity with cloud platforms and data management strategies is a must for modern data scientists.
Cloud Platforms: Expertise in platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure is crucial. These platforms offer a range of services from data storage and processing to machine learning and AI capabilities.
Data Security and Governance: Understanding data security protocols and governance frameworks ensures that data is handled responsibly. This includes knowledge of GDPR, CCPA, and other regulatory requirements.
Scalable Solutions: Implementing scalable solutions that can handle growing data volumes without compromising performance is essential. This involves using distributed computing and parallel processing techniques.
5. Domain Expertise and Business Acumen
While technical skills are paramount, domain expertise and business acumen are equally important. Understanding the specific industry and business context in which data science is applied can significantly enhance the impact of data-driven solutions.
Industry Knowledge: Gaining expertise in specific industries such as finance, healthcare, or retail allows data scientists to tailor their approaches to the unique challenges and opportunities within those sectors.
Problem-Solving Skills: The ability to translate business problems into data science problems and vice versa is crucial. This requires a deep understanding of both the technical and business aspects of a project.
Communication Skills: Effectively communicating findings and recommendations to non-technical stakeholders ensures that data insights are acted upon. This involves simplifying complex concepts and focusing on the business value of data science initiatives.
Conclusion
As we navigate through 2024, the data science landscape will continue to evolve, driven by advancements in technology and changing business needs. By mastering these five key skillsโadvanced machine learning and AI, data engineering, data visualization and storytelling, cloud computing and data management, and domain expertise and business acumenโdata scientists can position themselves at the cutting edge of the industry. These competencies not only enhance individual careers but also empower organizations to harness the full potential of their data, driving innovation, efficiency, and growth.
Data science is a multidisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data. The success of a data science project hinges on following best practices that ensure efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility. Here are eight best practices that every data scientist should adhere to:
1. Define the Problem Clearly
Importance:
Establishing a clear understanding of the problem sets the direction for the entire project.
Helps in identifying the goals, requirements, and constraints of the project.
Steps:
Collaborate with stakeholders to gather detailed requirements.
Formulate the problem statement as a specific question or hypothesis.
Identify the metrics for success.
2. Data Collection and Cleaning
Importance:
High-quality data is the foundation of any data science project.
Cleaning the data ensures that the analysis is accurate and reliable.
Steps:
Collect data from reliable sources.
Handle missing values and outliers.
Ensure data consistency and accuracy through validation checks.
Document the data cleaning process for reproducibility.
3. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
Importance:
EDA helps in understanding the underlying patterns and relationships in the data.
It guides feature selection and model selection.
Steps:
Use statistical summaries and visualizations to explore the data.
Identify key variables and their distributions.
Detect anomalies and patterns that may influence the modeling process.
4. Feature Engineering
Importance:
Feature engineering can significantly improve the performance of machine learning models.
It involves creating new features from existing data to better represent the underlying problem.
Steps:
Generate new features using domain knowledge.
Transform features to improve their predictive power.
Select the most relevant features using techniques like correlation analysis and feature importance.
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5. Model Selection and Evaluation
Importance:
Choosing the right model and evaluation metrics is crucial for the success of the project.
Different models and metrics may be suitable for different types of problems.
Steps:
Experiment with various algorithms and techniques.
Use cross-validation to assess model performance.
Choose evaluation metrics that align with the business objectives (e.g., accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score).
6. Model Training and Tuning
Importance:
Training the model with optimal hyperparameters ensures the best possible performance.
Proper tuning avoids overfitting and underfitting.
Steps:
Split the data into training and validation sets.
Use techniques like grid search or random search for hyperparameter tuning.
Monitor training and validation performance to detect overfitting.
7. Model Deployment and Monitoring
Importance:
Deploying the model in a production environment allows it to provide real-time predictions.
Continuous monitoring ensures that the model remains accurate and relevant over time.
Steps:
Use tools and frameworks that support scalable deployment (e.g., Docker, Kubernetes).
Implement monitoring to track model performance and detect drift.
Set up a feedback loop to update the model with new data.
8. Documentation and Reproducibility
Importance:
Documentation ensures that the project can be understood and replicated by others.
Reproducibility is essential for validating results and maintaining trust in the findings.
Steps:
Document the entire workflow, including data sources, preprocessing steps, and model parameters.
Use version control systems (e.g., Git) to track changes in code and data.
Share code, data, and results in a structured format to facilitate collaboration.
Conclusion Adhering to these best practices in data science helps ensure that projects are executed efficiently, results are reliable, and insights are actionable. By defining the problem clearly, collecting and cleaning data meticulously, conducting thorough exploratory data analysis, engineering features effectively, selecting and evaluating models appropriately, training and tuning models carefully, deploying and monitoring models rigorously, and maintaining comprehensive documentation, data scientists can maximize the impact of their work and contribute valuable insights to their organizations.
ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, is an incredibly versatile tool that can assist data scientists in various stages of their workflow. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how you can leverage ChatGPT in your data science projects.
1. Data Understanding and Exploration
a. Data Interpretation:
Data Summarization: ChatGPT can provide summaries of data by reading descriptions, metadata, and sample data points. This is useful for understanding the context of the data.
Statistical Insights: It can offer insights into basic statistics like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and more, helping you understand the distribution of your data.
b. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):
EDA Techniques: ChatGPT can suggest various EDA techniques such as plotting histograms, scatter plots, box plots, and more.
Insights from Visualizations: Although ChatGPT cannot create visualizations directly, it can suggest tools and libraries (like Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly) and interpret the results of your plots.
2. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing
a. Identifying Issues:
Missing Values: ChatGPT can provide strategies to handle missing values, such as imputation techniques or removal strategies.
Outliers Detection: It can suggest methods to detect and handle outliers, such as Z-score, IQR, or visualization techniques.
b. Data Transformation:
Normalization and Scaling: It can explain when and why to apply normalization or scaling and how to use libraries like Scikit-learn for these transformations.
Encoding Categorical Variables: ChatGPT can guide on different encoding techniques like one-hot encoding, label encoding, and when to use each.
3. Feature Engineering
a. Creating New Features:
Feature Creation: ChatGPT can help brainstorm new features that might be useful for your model, such as polynomial features, interaction terms, or domain-specific features.
Dimensionality Reduction: It can explain techniques like PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and t-SNE for reducing the number of features while retaining essential information.
b. Feature Selection:
Selection Techniques: ChatGPT can suggest techniques for feature selection like Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), feature importance from tree-based models, or correlation analysis.
Interpreting Results: It can help interpret the results of feature selection techniques to decide which features to retain.
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4. Model Building and Evaluation
a. Choosing Algorithms:
Algorithm Selection: ChatGPT can recommend different machine learning algorithms based on the problem type (regression, classification, clustering) and dataset characteristics.
Hyperparameter Tuning: It can provide insights into hyperparameters for various algorithms and suggest strategies like Grid Search, Random Search, or Bayesian Optimization for tuning them.
b. Model Training and Evaluation:
Training Models: ChatGPT can guide through the process of training models using popular libraries like Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch.
Evaluation Metrics: It can explain different evaluation metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC-AUC for classification; RMSE, MAE for regression) and help interpret the results.
5. Model Deployment and Monitoring
a. Deployment Strategies:
Deployment Options: ChatGPT can suggest various deployment options, such as Flask/Django for creating APIs, using cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud, or Azure for scalable deployments.
Containerization: It can explain the benefits of using Docker for containerizing your models and provide guidance on creating Docker images.
b. Monitoring and Maintenance:
Monitoring Tools: ChatGPT can recommend tools for monitoring model performance in production, such as Prometheus, Grafana, or custom logging solutions.
Model Retraining: It can suggest strategies for maintaining and retraining models as new data comes in, ensuring your models remain accurate over time.
6. Automating Workflows
a. Pipeline Automation:
Pipeline Tools: ChatGPT can introduce tools for automating data pipelines like Apache Airflow, Prefect, or Luigi.
CI/CD for ML: It can explain the concepts of Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) in the context of machine learning and suggest tools like Jenkins, GitHub Actions, or GitLab CI.
7. Learning and Staying Updated
a. Educational Resources:
Books and Courses: ChatGPT can recommend books, online courses, and tutorials to help you deepen your knowledge in data science.
Research Papers: It can provide summaries and explanations of recent research papers in machine learning and data science.
b. Community and Forums:
Discussion Platforms: ChatGPT can point you to forums and communities like Stack Overflow, Reddit (r/datascience, r/machinelearning), and specialized Slack or Discord groups for networking and problem-solving.
Conclusion
ChatGPT is a powerful assistant for data scientists, offering support across the entire data science lifecycle. From initial data exploration to deploying and monitoring models, ChatGPT can provide valuable insights, suggest tools and techniques, and help troubleshoot issues, making your data science projects more efficient and effective. By integrating ChatGPT into your workflow, you can enhance your productivity, stay updated with the latest advancements, and ultimately, deliver better data-driven solutions.
The demand for data analysts has been on a steady rise as businesses increasingly rely on data-driven decision-making. Freelance data analysts, in particular, are in high demand due to the flexibility they offer to companies. Becoming a freelance data analyst in 2024 requires a combination of technical skills, business acumen, and effective self-marketing. This essay provides a detailed guide on how to embark on this career path, covering essential skills, tools, strategies for finding clients, and tips for building a successful freelance business.
Essential Skills for Freelance Data Analysts
Technical Proficiency
Statistical Analysis: Understanding statistical methods and being able to apply them is crucial. Tools like R and Python (with libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, and SciPy) are essential.
Data Visualization: Proficiency in data visualization tools like Tableau, Power BI, or D3.js helps in presenting data insights effectively.
Database Management: Knowledge of SQL and NoSQL databases for data extraction, manipulation, and management is fundamental.
Machine Learning: Familiarity with machine learning techniques and tools like Scikit-Learn, TensorFlow, or PyTorch can set you apart.
Soft Skills
Communication: The ability to explain complex data insights in a simple and concise manner to stakeholders who may not have a technical background.
Problem-Solving: Critical thinking and the ability to solve problems creatively using data.
Time Management: Managing multiple projects and meeting deadlines is crucial in a freelance setting.
Business Acumen
Understanding Business Context: Knowing how to apply data insights to solve business problems and drive decisions.
Marketing and Sales: Skills in self-promotion, networking, and sales to attract and retain clients.
Building Your Skill Set
Education and Certification
Formal Education: A degree in data science, statistics, computer science, or a related field can be beneficial.
Online Courses and Bootcamps: Platforms like Coursera, Udacity, and DataCamp offer specialized courses and certifications in data analysis and related fields.
Certifications: Consider certifications like Microsoft Certified: Data Analyst Associate, Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate, or IBM Data Science Professional Certificate.
Practical Experience
Projects: Work on personal or open-source projects to build a portfolio.
Internships: Gain practical experience through internships or volunteer work.
Setting Up as a Freelance Data Analyst
Creating a Portfolio
Showcase Your Work: Include detailed case studies of projects youโve worked on, highlighting your role, the problem, your approach, and the results.
GitHub and Personal Website: Host your code and projects on GitHub, and create a professional website to showcase your portfolio and provide a point of contact for potential clients.
Tools and Resources
Freelance Platforms: Register on platforms like Upwork, Freelancer, and Toptal to find freelance opportunities.
Professional Network: Leverage LinkedIn and professional associations like the Data Science Association to network and find job leads.
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Finding Clients and Building a Client Base
Marketing Your Services
Online Presence: Maintain an active online presence through a blog, LinkedIn posts, and participating in forums and online communities related to data science.
Content Marketing: Publish articles, case studies, and tutorials to demonstrate your expertise and attract potential clients.
Networking
Professional Events: Attend industry conferences, webinars, and local meetups to network with potential clients and other professionals.
Referrals: Ask satisfied clients for referrals and testimonials to build credibility and attract new clients.
Pricing Your Services
Research Market Rates: Understand the going rates for freelance data analysts in your region and set competitive prices.
Flexible Pricing Models: Offer different pricing models, such as hourly rates, project-based pricing, or retainer agreements, to suit the needs of various clients.
Managing Your Freelance Business
Project Management
Tools: Use project management tools like Trello, Asana, or Jira to organize tasks, manage deadlines, and collaborate with clients.
Communication: Maintain clear and regular communication with clients to manage expectations and ensure project alignment.
Financial Management
Accounting Software: Utilize accounting software like QuickBooks or FreshBooks to track income, expenses, and manage invoices.
Tax Planning: Understand your tax obligations as a freelancer and set aside money for taxes. Consider hiring an accountant to manage your finances.
Staying Updated and Continuous Learning
Ongoing Education
Workshops and Seminars: Attend workshops and seminars to stay updated on the latest trends and technologies in data analysis.
Online Courses: Continuously update your skills through online courses and certifications.
Community Involvement
Join Data Science Communities: Participate in data science communities, both online and offline, to stay connected with industry developments and network with peers.
Conclusion
Becoming a successful freelance data analyst in 2024 involves a mix of technical skills, business savvy, and effective self-marketing. By continuously improving your skills, building a strong portfolio, and networking effectively, you can establish a thriving freelance career in data analysis. The flexibility and variety that come with freelancing can offer a rewarding career path for those willing to invest the effort and adapt to the evolving demands of the data industry.
With the advent of advanced AI models like ChatGPT, opportunities to create revenue streams through AI-driven solutions have expanded significantly. This guide provides detailed strategies and 20 practical examples of how you can leverage ChatGPT to generate income.
1. Content Creation
Example: Blog Writing Service
Description: Use ChatGPT to generate high-quality blog posts for clients. Topics can range from technology and finance to lifestyle and travel.
Implementation: Market your services on platforms like Upwork or Fiverr. Offer custom content creation based on client specifications.
Example: E-book Writing
Description: Create e-books on popular topics by using ChatGPT to generate content.
Implementation: Write comprehensive guides or stories, format them professionally, and sell on Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing.
2. Customer Support
Example: Automated Customer Support for E-commerce
Description: Implement ChatGPT to handle customer inquiries, complaints, and FAQs.
Implementation: Integrate ChatGPT with an e-commerce platform to provide 24/7 customer support, reducing the need for a large support team.
3. Educational Services
Example: Online Tutoring
Description: Offer tutoring services in various subjects, with ChatGPT providing explanations and answering student questions.
Implementation: Use platforms like Teachable or Udemy to create courses supplemented by ChatGPT-powered Q&A sessions.
Example: Language Learning
Description: Develop a language learning app where ChatGPT acts as a conversation partner to help users practice new languages.
Implementation: Create an interactive app and charge a subscription fee for premium features.
4. Virtual Assistance
Example: Personal Assistant Services
Description: Provide virtual personal assistant services to busy professionals, using ChatGPT to manage schedules, emails, and reminders.
Implementation: Market the service to small business owners and executives who need help with day-to-day tasks.
5. Social Media Management
Example: Social Media Content Creation
Description: Use ChatGPT to create engaging social media posts for businesses and influencers.
Implementation: Offer packages for different types of content (e.g., daily posts, weekly blogs) and manage accounts for clients.
6. Market Research
Example: Competitive Analysis Reports
Description: Generate detailed competitive analysis reports using ChatGPT to gather and summarize market data.
Implementation: Sell these reports to businesses looking to gain an edge over their competitors.
7. Creative Writing
Example: Script Writing for YouTube Creators
Description: Write scripts for YouTube videos on various topics.
Implementation: Partner with YouTube creators to provide them with engaging scripts and help them grow their channels.
Example: Ghostwriting
Description: Offer ghostwriting services for books, articles, or speeches.
Implementation: Market yourself to authors, executives, and public figures who need high-quality written material.
8. Consulting Services
Example: Business Strategy Consulting
Description: Use ChatGPT to provide insights and strategic advice for businesses.
Implementation: Offer consulting services in areas like marketing, operations, and growth strategies.
9. Entertainment
Example: Interactive Storytelling
Description: Create interactive stories or games where users can choose their adventure paths.
Implementation: Develop a web or mobile app and charge for premium content or in-game purchases.
10. Healthcare Support
Example: Symptom Checker
Description: Develop a chatbot that helps users understand potential health issues based on their symptoms.
Implementation: Partner with healthcare providers to offer this as a service on their websites.
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11. Financial Advice
Example: Personal Finance Management
Description: Create a chatbot that provides personalized financial advice and budgeting tips.
Implementation: Offer this as a subscription-based service to individuals seeking to improve their financial health.
12. Real Estate
Example: Property Recommendations
Description: Develop a chatbot that helps users find real estate properties based on their preferences.
Implementation: Partner with real estate agencies to integrate this tool into their websites.
13. Travel Planning
Example: Travel Itinerary Planning
Description: Offer personalized travel itineraries and recommendations.
Implementation: Create a subscription-based app or service for frequent travelers.
14. Event Planning
Example: Event Coordination
Description: Use ChatGPT to assist in planning and coordinating events, from weddings to corporate functions.
Implementation: Market your services to event planners and companies.
15. Legal Advice
Example: Legal Document Drafting
Description: Provide services for drafting legal documents, such as contracts and wills.
Implementation: Offer a subscription service or charge per document.
16. Technical Support
Example: IT Support Chatbot
Description: Develop a chatbot that provides technical support for software and hardware issues.
Implementation: Partner with IT service companies to offer this as a value-added service.
17. Gaming
Example: Game Development Assistance
Description: Use ChatGPT to generate game dialogues, storylines, and character backgrounds.
Implementation: Partner with game developers to streamline the creative process.
18. Nonprofit Organizations
Example: Fundraising Campaigns
Description: Use ChatGPT to create compelling fundraising content and manage donor communications.
Implementation: Offer your services to nonprofits to help them increase their fundraising efforts.
19. Research Assistance
Example: Academic Research Support
Description: Assist researchers by summarizing articles, generating hypotheses, and organizing references.
Implementation: Market your services to academic institutions and independent researchers.
20. Personal Coaching
Example: Life Coaching
Description: Provide life coaching sessions with ChatGPT offering advice and motivational content.
Implementation: Create a subscription-based service or offer one-on-one sessions.
By leveraging the capabilities of ChatGPT, you can tap into a wide range of industries and create multiple revenue streams. The key is to identify areas where ChatGPT can add value and then market your services effectively.
The pursuit of financial success often conjures images of high-stakes investments, volatile markets, and daring entrepreneurial ventures. However, making substantial money does not necessarily require assuming significant risks. Through a strategic approach that emphasizes steady growth, diversification, and informed decision-making, one can achieve financial prosperity while minimizing exposure to potential losses. Here are some effective strategies to make big money without taking big risks:
1. Diversification of Investments
Diversification is a foundational principle in risk management. By spreading investments across various asset classes such as stocks, bonds, real estate, and mutual funds, you can mitigate the impact of a poor performance in any single investment. For instance, while stocks can offer high returns, they can be volatile. Balancing them with bonds, which are generally more stable, can help smooth out overall portfolio performance. Additionally, investing in real estate provides a tangible asset that can generate rental income and appreciate over time.
2. Long-Term Investment in Index Funds and ETFs
Index funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are investment vehicles that track the performance of a market index. These funds offer broad market exposure, low operating expenses, and a passive management style. Investing in index funds and ETFs can yield significant returns over the long term due to the compounding effect. They are considered less risky than individual stocks because they represent a diversified portfolio of companies. This strategy reduces the likelihood of substantial losses, as the overall market tends to grow over time despite short-term fluctuations.
3. Building a Strong Emergency Fund
An emergency fund acts as a financial safety net, providing liquidity in times of unexpected expenses or economic downturns. By having three to six monthsโ worth of living expenses saved in a readily accessible account, you can avoid liquidating investments at inopportune times. This financial cushion allows you to stay the course with your long-term investment strategy, thereby minimizing risk and enhancing the potential for growth.
4. Investing in Personal Development and Skills
Investing in yourself is one of the most reliable ways to increase your earning potential without taking significant financial risks. Pursuing higher education, obtaining professional certifications, and developing new skills can lead to better job opportunities and higher income. The knowledge and skills acquired can provide a competitive edge in the job market and open doors to lucrative career advancements or entrepreneurial ventures with a strong foundation.
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5. Starting a Side Business
Starting a side business can be a low-risk way to increase your income. Unlike quitting your job to start a business, a side hustle allows you to maintain a steady paycheck while exploring entrepreneurial interests. The key is to start small, leverage existing skills, and gradually scale up. With careful planning and minimal upfront investment, a side business can grow into a significant source of income without exposing you to the financial risks associated with full-time entrepreneurship.
6. Real Estate Investment through Rental Properties
Real estate is a tangible asset that historically appreciates over time. Investing in rental properties can provide a steady stream of passive income while the property itself increases in value. By carefully selecting properties in growing areas and maintaining them well, you can minimize risks. Additionally, utilizing property management services can help handle the operational aspects, reducing the time and effort required from the investor.
7. Leveraging Tax-Advantaged Accounts
Maximizing contributions to tax-advantaged accounts such as 401(k)s, IRAs, and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) can enhance your financial growth with minimal risk. These accounts offer tax benefits that can significantly boost your savings over time. For instance, contributions to a traditional 401(k) are tax-deductible, reducing your taxable income, while the investments grow tax-deferred until withdrawal.
8. Staying Informed and Adapting to Market Conditions
Staying informed about market trends, economic conditions, and investment opportunities is crucial for making prudent financial decisions. Continuous education and a proactive approach allow you to adjust your strategies in response to changing conditions, thereby minimizing risks. Utilizing financial advisors and leveraging technology for investment management can also provide valuable insights and enhance decision-making.
Conclusion
Making big money without taking big risks is not only possible but also a prudent approach to financial success. By diversifying investments, focusing on long-term growth, building a strong financial foundation, investing in personal development, and making informed decisions, you can achieve substantial financial gains with minimized risk. The key lies in strategic planning, continuous learning, and disciplined execution, ensuring that your financial journey is both prosperous and secure.
Power Query is a powerful tool for manipulating and cleaning data, and it offers various features for managing dates. Here are some essential steps and techniques for handling date formats:
1. Data Type Conversion:
When you import data into Power Query, ensure that date columns have the correct data type. Sometimes Power Queryโs automatic detection gets it wrong, so verify that all columns are correctly recognized as dates.
To change a specific column into a date format, you have several options:
Click the data type icon in the column header and select โDate.โ
Select the column, then clickย Transform > Data Type > Dateย from the Ribbon.
Right-click on the column header and chooseย Change Type > Date.
You can also modify the applied data type directly in the M code to ensure proper recognition.
2. Extracting Additional Information:
From a date column, you can extract various details using Power Query functions. These include:
Year
Days in the month
Week of the year
Day name
Day of the year
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3. Custom Formatting:
To format dates in a specific way, you can use theย Date.ToTextย function. It accepts a date value and optional parameters for formatting and culture settings.
Combineย Date.ToTextย with custom format strings to achieve precise and varied date formats in a single line of code.
4. Common Formats:
If youโre dealing with common formats like DD/MM/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, or YYYY-MM-DD, you can easily change the format:
Import your data into Power Query.
Select the date column to be formatted.
Right-click and chooseย Change Type > Date.
Select the desired predefined format (e.g., DD/MM/YYYY) and clickย OK.
Remember, mastering date formatting in Power Query can significantly simplify your data processing tasks. Feel free to explore more advanced scenarios and create custom formats tailored to your needs!
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ุชูุณูู ุงูุชุงุฑูุฎ ูุงูููุช Power Query
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ุฃุฏุงุฉ ูููุฉ ูู ุนุงูุฌุฉ ุงูุจูุงูุงุช ูุชูุธูููุง Power Query ูุนุฏ
The realms of physics and data science may seem distinct at first glance, but they share a common foundation in analytical thinking, problem-solving, and quantitative analysis. Physicists are trained to decipher complex systems, model phenomena, and handle large datasetsโall skills that are incredibly valuable in data science. As the demand for data scientists continues to grow across various industries, many physicists find themselves well-positioned to make a career transition into this exciting field. This guide outlines the steps and considerations for physicists aiming to transition into data science.
Understanding the Overlap
Physics and data science intersect in several key areas:
Mathematical Modeling: Both fields require strong skills in mathematics and the ability to build models that represent real-world phenomena.
Statistical Analysis: Understanding statistical methods is crucial for analyzing experimental data in physics and for extracting insights from datasets in data science.
Computational Skills: Proficiency in programming and computational tools is essential in both domains for solving complex problems.
Key Skills to Develop
While physicists already possess a strong analytical background, transitioning to data science requires acquiring specific skills and knowledge:
Programming Languages: Proficiency in programming languages such as Python and R is essential. These languages are widely used for data analysis, machine learning, and data visualization.
Data Manipulation and Cleaning: Learning how to preprocess and clean data using libraries like pandas (Python) or dplyr (R) is fundamental.
Machine Learning: Familiarity with machine learning algorithms and frameworks (e.g., scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch) is crucial for developing predictive models.
Data Visualization: Tools like Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Tableau help in visualizing data and presenting findings clearly.
Database Management: Understanding SQL and NoSQL databases is important for efficiently storing and retrieving large datasets.
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Educational Pathways
Several educational resources can help bridge the gap between physics and data science:
Online Courses and Certifications: Platforms like Coursera, edX, and Udacity offer specialized courses and certifications in data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
Bootcamps: Intensive data science bootcamps provide hands-on experience and often include career support and networking opportunities.
Graduate Programs: Enrolling in a master’s program in data science or a related field can provide a structured learning environment and credential.
Gaining Practical Experience
Hands-on experience is critical for a successful transition:
Projects: Undertake personal or open-source projects that involve data analysis, machine learning, and data visualization to build a portfolio.
Internships: Seek internships or part-time roles in data science to gain industry experience and apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems.
Competitions: Participate in data science competitions on platforms like Kaggle to solve challenging problems and improve your skills.
Networking and Community Engagement
Building a professional network and engaging with the data science community can provide valuable insights and opportunities:
Meetups and Conferences: Attend data science meetups, workshops, and conferences to learn from experts and network with professionals in the field.
Online Communities: Join online forums and communities such as Redditโs r/datascience, Stack Overflow, and LinkedIn groups to seek advice, share knowledge, and stay updated with industry trends.
Mentorship: Find a mentor in the data science field who can provide guidance, feedback, and support throughout your transition.
Tailoring Your Resume and Job Search
Effectively marketing your skills and experience is crucial when applying for data science roles:
Highlight Transferable Skills: Emphasize your analytical skills, problem-solving abilities, and experience with data in your resume and cover letter.
Showcase Projects and Experience: Include relevant projects, internships, and any practical experience that demonstrates your proficiency in data science tools and techniques.
Tailor Applications: Customize your resume and cover letter for each job application to align with the specific requirements and keywords of the job posting.
Conclusion
Transitioning from physics to data science is a feasible and rewarding career move that leverages your existing analytical skills and quantitative background. By developing new competencies in programming, machine learning, and data analysis, gaining practical experience, and actively engaging with the data science community, you can successfully navigate this transition and thrive in the burgeoning field of data science. The journey requires dedication, continuous learning, and a proactive approach to building your skillset and professional network, but the potential for growth and impact in this dynamic field is substantial.
In the contemporary world, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing how we approach self-improvement. Leveraging AI, we can enhance various aspects of our daily lives, from mental health and productivity to learning new skills and maintaining physical wellness. Here are ten AI tools that can significantly contribute to your self-improvement journey when used daily.
1.Headspace: Meditation and Mindfulness
Meditation is a powerful tool for reducing stress and enhancing mental clarity. Headspace offers guided meditation sessions, mindfulness exercises, and sleep aids. This AI-driven app personalizes your meditation experience, helping you to cultivate mindfulness and manage stress effectively. Daily use can lead to improved focus, emotional health, and overall well-being.
2.Grammarly: Writing Enhancement
Effective communication is key in both personal and professional settings. Grammarly uses AI to enhance your writing by checking for grammar mistakes, suggesting style improvements, and even adjusting tone. Whether you’re drafting emails, reports, or creative pieces, Grammarly ensures your writing is clear, correct, and engaging, making it an indispensable tool for daily use.
3.MyFitnessPal: Nutrition and Fitness Tracking
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle requires awareness of your dietary and exercise habits. MyFitnessPal offers a comprehensive platform for tracking your caloric intake and physical activity. With its extensive food database and personalized fitness plans, this AI tool helps you set and achieve your health goals. Daily logging can lead to better nutrition choices and improved physical fitness.
4.Lumosity: Brain Training
Cognitive health is as important as physical health. Lumosity provides a suite of brain games designed to improve memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. By engaging in these personalized training programs daily, you can enhance your cognitive abilities, making it easier to handle complex tasks and improve mental agility.
5.Duolingo: Language Learning
Learning a new language opens up a world of opportunities and enhances cognitive skills. Duolingo uses AI to create interactive, gamified lessons tailored to your learning pace. Daily practice with Duolingo can significantly improve your language skills, aiding in better communication and cultural understanding.
6.RescueTime: Productivity and Time Management
In an age of digital distractions, managing time effectively is crucial. RescueTime tracks how you spend your time on digital devices, providing detailed reports and insights. By identifying productivity patterns and potential distractions, RescueTime helps you optimize your time, ensuring you stay focused on your goals.
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7.Habitica: Habit Building
Building and maintaining good habits can be challenging. Habitica turns habit formation into a game, rewarding you for completing tasks and establishing positive routines. This AI-driven tool makes habit-building fun and engaging, encouraging you to stick to your goals through daily tracking and rewards.
8.Elevate: Cognitive Skills Improvement
Elevate offers personalized brain training programs aimed at improving critical thinking, language skills, and math proficiency. With daily exercises designed to challenge and engage, Elevate helps you sharpen your cognitive skills, making it an excellent tool for continuous self-improvement.
9.Noom: Weight Loss and Health Coaching
Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight involves more than just diet and exercise. Noom provides personalized coaching, meal plans, and psychological tips to foster sustainable habit changes. Using Noom daily can guide you towards healthier lifestyle choices, promoting long-term weight management and well-being.
10.Sleep Cycle: Sleep Tracking and Improvement
Quality sleep is fundamental to overall health. Sleep Cycle analyzes your sleep patterns and uses a smart alarm clock to wake you during your lightest sleep phase, ensuring you feel refreshed. By reviewing your sleep data and making necessary adjustments, Sleep Cycle helps improve sleep quality, contributing to better daily functioning.
Integrating AI Tools into Your Daily Routine
To maximize the benefits of these AI tools, integrate them seamlessly into your daily routine:
Morning: Start with a Headspace meditation session and review your Sleep Cycle data.
Throughout the Day: Use MyFitnessPal to track meals and exercise. Engage with Duolingo during breaks to practice a new language.
Work and Study: Improve your writing with Grammarly and monitor productivity with RescueTime. Take short cognitive breaks with Lumosity or Elevate.
Evening: Reflect on your habits and tasks with Habitica and plan for the next day. Wind down with a sleep story or guided meditation from Headspace.
By incorporating these AI tools into your daily life, you can significantly enhance your mental, physical, and cognitive well-being. The personalized and adaptive nature of AI ensures that your self-improvement journey is tailored to your unique needs and goals, making the process more effective and enjoyable.
Breaking into the field of data analysis can be both exciting and daunting. However, with the right approach, even beginners can achieve a significant hourly wage. Hereโs a step-by-step guide on how you can make $30 per hour as a beginner data analyst.
1. Acquire Essential Skills
a. Online Courses
Start by taking online courses that cover the basics of data analysis. Websites like Coursera, Udemy, and edX offer courses on:
Excel: Learn data manipulation and basic analysis.
SQL: Master database querying.
Python: Gain proficiency in data manipulation libraries like pandas and NumPy.
Data Visualization: Get comfortable with tools like Tableau or Power BI.
b. Practical Projects
Engage in hands-on projects to apply what youโve learned. Many courses offer project-based learning which is invaluable. Build a portfolio of your work to showcase your skills.
2. Gain Practical Experience
a. Personal Projects
Work on personal projects that interest you. These could involve analyzing public datasets available on platforms like Kaggle. Document your process and results to add to your portfolio.
b. Volunteer Work
Offer your skills to non-profits or small businesses that might not have the budget for professional data analysis. This provides real-world experience and builds your resume.
3. Build a Strong Online Presence
a. LinkedIn
Create a professional LinkedIn profile highlighting your skills, projects, and any volunteer work. Join LinkedIn groups related to data analysis to network with professionals in the field.
b. Portfolio Website
Consider building a personal website to host your portfolio. Include detailed descriptions of your projects, methodologies, and the tools you used.
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4. Networking
a. Attend Meetups and Webinars
Join local meetups and online webinars related to data analysis. Networking can lead to job opportunities and valuable insights from experienced professionals.
b. Online Communities
Participate in online communities like Redditโs r/datascience, Stack Overflow, and Data Science Central. Engage in discussions, ask questions, and share your knowledge.
5. Freelance Platforms
a. Create Profiles
Sign up on freelance platforms like Upwork, Freelancer, and Fiverr. Create a detailed profile showcasing your skills, experience, and projects.
b. Start Small
Initially, accept lower-paying jobs to build your reputation. Focus on delivering high-quality work and getting positive reviews.
c. Gradually Increase Rates
As you gain experience and positive feedback, gradually increase your rates. Highlight your successful projects and satisfied clients to justify your rate increase.
6. Job Hunting
a. Tailor Applications
Apply to entry-level data analyst positions on job boards like Indeed, Glassdoor, and DataJobs. Tailor your resume and cover letter to each job, emphasizing your skills and relevant experience.
b. Internships
Consider applying for internships that offer practical experience and the possibility of full-time employment. Internships can be a stepping stone to higher-paying roles.
7. Continuous Learning
a. Stay Updated
The field of data analysis is always evolving. Stay updated with the latest tools and techniques by following industry blogs, taking advanced courses, and participating in webinars.
b. Certifications
Consider obtaining certifications from recognized institutions. Certifications in SQL, Python, or data visualization tools can add credibility to your profile.
Conclusion
Making $30 per hour as a beginner data analyst is achievable with dedication and strategic planning. By acquiring essential skills, gaining practical experience, building a strong online presence, networking, leveraging freelance platforms, and continuously learning, you can position yourself for success in this field. Remember, persistence and a willingness to learn are key to advancing your career and achieving your financial goals.
Working from home has become increasingly popular, offering flexibility, comfort, and the potential for significant income. Here are ten work-at-home jobs that can help you earn $100 a day or more:
1. Freelance Writing
Freelance writing is a versatile and accessible job for those with strong writing skills. Many companies and websites need content for blogs, articles, and marketing materials. Rates vary, but experienced writers can easily earn $100 a day by completing a few assignments.
How to Get Started:
Create a portfolio of writing samples.
Join freelance platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, or Freelancer.
Network with potential clients on LinkedIn and social media.
2. Virtual Assistant
Virtual assistants provide administrative support to businesses and entrepreneurs. Tasks can include managing emails, scheduling appointments, and social media management. Depending on the complexity and volume of work, virtual assistants can earn $15-$50 per hour.
How to Get Started:
Highlight your administrative and organizational skills in your resume.
Register on platforms like Zirtual, Time Etc, and Belay.
Offer your services to small businesses and entrepreneurs.
3. Online Tutoring
Online tutoring is an excellent option for those with expertise in a particular subject. Tutors can teach students of all ages in areas such as math, science, languages, and test preparation. Rates can range from $15 to $60 per hour, depending on the subject and level of expertise.
How to Get Started:
Identify your area of expertise and gather relevant certifications.
Join tutoring platforms like VIPKid, Chegg Tutors, and Tutor.com.
Market your services through social media and educational forums.
4. Graphic Design
Graphic designers create visual content for websites, advertisements, logos, and more. Skilled designers can charge $25-$100 per hour, making it possible to earn $100 a day with just a few hours of work.
How to Get Started:
Build a portfolio showcasing your design work.
Join design platforms like 99designs, Dribbble, and Behance.
Offer your services on freelance marketplaces.
5. Transcription Services
Transcription involves converting audio or video recordings into written text. Transcriptionists can earn $15-$30 per hour, and experienced transcriptionists can complete an hour of audio in about two hours of work, reaching the $100 mark daily.
How to Get Started:
Practice transcribing to improve speed and accuracy.
Join transcription platforms like Rev, TranscribeMe, and Scribie.
Invest in good headphones and transcription software.
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6. Social Media Management
Social media managers handle the social media presence of businesses, including content creation, posting, and interaction with followers. Depending on the client and scope of work, rates can range from $20 to $50 per hour.
How to Get Started:
Develop a strong understanding of various social media platforms.
Create a portfolio showcasing successful social media campaigns.
Offer your services to small businesses and start-ups.
7. Online Customer Support
Customer support representatives assist customers via phone, email, or chat. Many companies hire remote customer support agents, and the pay typically ranges from $12 to $20 per hour.
How to Get Started:
Highlight your customer service experience and skills in your resume.
Apply for remote customer support positions on job boards like Indeed, Remote.co, and FlexJobs.
Ensure you have a quiet workspace and reliable internet connection.
8. E-commerce
Running an e-commerce store through platforms like Etsy, eBay, or Amazon can be highly profitable. Selling handmade crafts, vintage items, or even drop-shipped products can easily generate $100 a day with the right strategy.
How to Get Started:
Choose a niche and source or create products.
Set up your online store on platforms like Etsy, eBay, or Amazon.
Market your store through social media and online advertising.
9. Affiliate Marketing
Affiliate marketers promote products or services and earn a commission for each sale made through their referral link. With effective marketing strategies, affiliates can earn $100 or more per day.
How to Get Started:
Choose a niche and research affiliate programs related to it.
Create a blog or social media presence to promote products.
Join affiliate networks like Amazon Associates, ShareASale, and Commission Junction.
10. Online Coaching or Consulting
If you have expertise in a specific field, offering coaching or consulting services can be highly lucrative. Coaches and consultants can charge anywhere from $50 to $200 per hour, easily reaching $100 a day with a couple of sessions.
How to Get Started:
Identify your niche and gather relevant certifications.
Create a professional website to showcase your services.
Promote your services through networking and social media.
Conclusion
Working from home offers numerous opportunities to earn a substantial income. By leveraging your skills and expertise, you can find a work-at-home job that suits your lifestyle and financial goals. Whether you choose freelance writing, virtual assistance, or online tutoring, the potential to earn $100 a day or more is within your reach.
In today’s digital era, there are numerous opportunities to make money online This article provides an overview of 60 websites, categorized by type, and explains how each can help you earn money from the comfort of your home
Freelancing Platforms
Upwork: A versatile freelancing platform for services like writing, graphic design, and programming
Fiverr: A marketplace for freelance services starting at $5, including digital marketing and video editing
Freelancer: Connects freelancers with clients for various services, from software development to administrative support
Toptal: A platform for top-tier freelancers, especially in software development, design, and finance
Guru: A freelance marketplace for professionals across multiple industries
PeoplePerHour: Connects freelancers with businesses needing project-based work, particularly in tech and design
99designs: A design-focused platform for graphic designers to participate in contests and work with clients
Remote and Flexible Job Boards
FlexJobs: A job board for remote and flexible jobs across various industries
SimplyHired: A job search engine that aggregates listings, including freelance and remote work opportunities
Microtasking and Survey Sites
Amazon Mechanical Turk: A microtasking platform for completing small tasks like data entry and surveys
Swagbucks: Earn points for taking surveys, watching videos, and shopping online
InboxDollars: Pays users to take surveys, watch videos, and read emails
SurveyJunkie: Earn money by participating in market research surveys
Vindale Research: Get paid for completing online surveys and participating in product testing
UserTesting: Provides payments for testing websites and apps and giving feedback
Respondent: Connects researchers with participants for studies and surveys
PineconeResearch: A survey site that offers product testing opportunities and rewards
Toluna: Earn points by taking surveys and testing products, redeemable for rewards
MyPoints: Rewards users for online activities like shopping and taking surveys
Cashback and Reward Apps
Rakuten: Provides cashback for shopping online through their portal
Ibotta: A cashback app for groceries and other purchases by scanning receipts
Dosh: Earn cashback for shopping, dining, and booking hotels
Shopkick: Earn rewards for walking into stores, scanning items, and making purchases
Honey: Save money with coupon codes and earn rewards for online shopping
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Selling and Reselling Platforms
Poshmark: Sell new and used clothing and accessories
eBay: An online marketplace for buying and selling a wide range of items
Etsy: Marketplace for handmade, vintage, and unique goods
Decluttr: Sell old electronics, games, and DVDs with instant valuations and free shipping
Gazelle: Sell used electronics like smartphones and tablets
BookScouter: Compares prices from book buyback vendors to sell textbooks
ThredUp: An online consignment store for secondhand clothes
Print-on-Demand and Custom Products
Zazzle: Design and sell custom products like T-shirts, mugs, and phone cases
CafePress: Create and sell custom products, earning money from each purchase
Redbubble: Sell your artwork on various products, from apparel to home decor
Teespring: Create and sell custom T-shirts and other merchandise without upfront costs
Printful: A print-on-demand drop shipping service for custom products
Society6: Sell your art on custom-made products like prints and phone cases
Self-Publishing
Blurb: Tools for self-publishing and selling books, including photo books and magazines
AmazonKindle Direct Publishing: Self-publish e-books and sell them on Amazon’s Kindle Store
CreateSpace: Self-publish print books, now integrated with Kindle Direct Publishing
ACX: Create and sell audiobooks by connecting with narrators and producers
Crowdfunding and Membership Platforms
Patreon: Crowdfunding platform where creators earn money from fans through subscriptions
Kickstarter: Fund creative projects through crowdfunding, offering rewards to backers
Indiegogo: Supports a wide range of projects, from technology to arts, through crowdfunding
GoFundMe: A fundraising platform for personal causes
Content Creation Platforms
YouTube: Monetize videos through ads, sponsorships, and channel memberships
Twitch: Stream live content and earn through ads, subscriptions, and donations
TikTok: Monetize short videos through brand partnerships and the TikTok Creator Fund
Instagram: Earn money through sponsored posts, brand partnerships, and product sales
Facebook: Various monetization options, including ads, partnerships, and marketplace sales
Snapchat: Earn through Snap Ads, brand partnerships, and creating engaging content
Pinterest: Drive traffic to products and earn through affiliate links and sponsored pins
Medium: Earn money through the Partner Program by publishing articles
Quora: Monetize by asking questions and engaging in the Quora Partner Program
Online Teaching and Tutoring
Skillshare: Earn money by teaching online courses on various topics
Udemy: Create and sell online courses, earning from student enrollments
Coursera: Partner with universities to offer online courses and earn based on enrollments
Teachable: An all-in-one platform for creating, marketing, and selling online courses
Thinkific: Similar to Teachable, allows instructors to build and sell online courses
Wyzant: Tutor students online and in person, setting your own rates and schedule
Conclusion
These 60 websites provide diverse opportunities to make money online, catering to various skills, interests, and levels of commitment Whether you are a freelancer, a creative artist, a writer, or someone looking to monetize everyday activities, there is a platform to help you generate income By leveraging these resources, individuals can find flexible, remote, and often lucrative ways to supplement their income or even build full-time careers
Investing $100 to potentially generate $1,000 in passive income involves strategic planning and leveraging opportunities that offer high returns with relatively low initial investment. Here are some ideas that anyone can start:
1. Dividend Stocks
Investing in dividend-paying stocks can provide a steady stream of passive income. Start by researching companies with a strong track record of dividend payments. Use your $100 to buy shares of these companies. Reinvesting dividends can compound your returns over time.
Steps:
Open a brokerage account (many have no minimum deposit requirements).
Research and select dividend-paying stocks.
Purchase shares and opt for a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP).
2. Peer-to-Peer Lending
Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms allow you to lend money to individuals or small businesses in exchange for interest payments. Your $100 can be divided among several borrowers to diversify risk.
Steps:
Sign up on a reputable P2P lending platform (e.g., LendingClub, Prosper).
Deposit your $100 and choose loans to fund.
Earn interest on repayments.
3. High-Interest Savings Accounts or CDs
While not as high-yielding as other investments, high-interest savings accounts or certificates of deposit (CDs) offer a safe way to earn interest on your money.
Steps:
Research banks offering the best interest rates.
Open an account and deposit your $100.
Let the interest compound over time.
4. Invest in a Blog or Website
Starting a blog or website can generate passive income through advertising, affiliate marketing, and selling digital products or services. Initial costs can be kept low.
Steps:
Purchase a domain name and hosting (around $50-$100 for the first year).
Create content focused on a niche.
Monetize through ads, affiliate links, or selling digital products.
5. E-books or Online Courses
If you have expertise in a particular area, you can write an e-book or create an online course. These digital products can generate passive income over time.
Steps:
Use free or low-cost platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing or Udemy.
Create and upload your content.
Market your product to drive sales.
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6. Invest in a REIT
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) allow you to invest in real estate without buying property. REITs often pay high dividends.
Steps:
Open a brokerage account.
Research and select a REIT with a strong dividend history.
Purchase shares and reinvest dividends.
7. Micro-Investing Apps
Micro-investing apps like Acorns or Stash allow you to invest small amounts of money into diversified portfolios, making it easy to start with just $100.
Steps:
Download and sign up for a micro-investing app.
Link your bank account and deposit your $100.
Choose an investment portfolio and let the app manage your investments.
8. Cryptocurrency Investments
While riskier, investing in cryptocurrencies can potentially yield high returns. Allocate a small portion of your $100 to cryptocurrencies and hold for long-term growth.
Steps:
Open an account on a cryptocurrency exchange (e.g., Coinbase, Binance).
Purchase a diversified mix of cryptocurrencies.
Hold and monitor your investment.
9. Cashback and Reward Programs
Investing $100 in purchases through cashback and reward programs can yield significant returns if you consistently leverage these programs for routine expenses.
Steps:
Sign up for cashback and reward programs.
Use the programs for routine purchases.
Reinvest the earned rewards or cashback.
Conclusion
While $100 is a modest amount, starting with small investments can teach valuable lessons in managing and growing money. Diversify your investments to spread risk and increase the potential for returns. Remember, building passive income often requires time and patience, so remain committed to your strategy.
In the fast-paced world of affiliate marketing, finding the right programs can be the key to unlocking quick money.
Here are seven top-tier affiliate programs renowned for their potential to deliver rapid returns:
1. Amazon Associates:
As the largest online retailer globally, Amazon Associates stands as a cornerstone in affiliate marketing. With a vast selection of products spanning numerous categories, affiliates can tap into Amazon’s immense customer base and capitalize on its trusted reputation. With competitive commission rates and a user-friendly platform, Amazon Associates offers affiliates a reliable way to earn quick money through product referrals.
2. ClickBank:
Specializing in digital products such as e-books, courses, and software, ClickBank boasts some of the highest commission rates in the industry, often exceeding 50%. This generous commission structure, coupled with ClickBank’s extensive marketplace and robust tracking system, empowers affiliates to earn substantial income from promoting digital products to their audience.
3. ShareASale:
Catering to a wide range of industries and niches, ShareASale is a popular affiliate network that connects affiliates with merchants offering diverse products and services. With its intuitive interface and comprehensive reporting tools, ShareASale provides affiliates with the resources they need to identify high-converting offers and maximize their earnings potential.
4. CJ Affiliate(formerly Commission Junction):
With a network of thousands of advertisers, CJ Affiliate offers affiliates access to a vast array of affiliate programs across various verticals. Known for its reliable tracking technology and timely payments, CJ Affiliate provides affiliates with a trusted platform to monetize their online presence and generate quick money through affiliate marketing.
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5. Rakuten Marketing:
Formerly known as Rakuten LinkShare, Rakuten Marketing is a global affiliate network that connects affiliates with top brands and advertisers. With its extensive network of merchants and robust reporting tools, Rakuten Marketing enables affiliates to optimize their promotional efforts and maximize their earnings potential.
6. eBay Partner Network:
Leveraging the popularity of one of the world’s largest online marketplaces, the eBay Partner Network allows affiliates to earn commissions by driving traffic and sales to eBay’s vast inventory of products. With its competitive commission rates and access to real-time performance data, the eBay Partner Network offers affiliates a lucrative opportunity to monetize their audience and earn quick money through affiliate marketing.
7. Shopify Affiliate Program:
Targeting entrepreneurs and businesses, the Shopify Affiliate Program allows affiliates to earn commissions by referring merchants to Shopify’s e-commerce platform. With its user-friendly interface and robust features, Shopify provides merchants with everything they need to start and grow their online store, making it an attractive option for affiliates looking to earn quick money by promoting e-commerce solutions.
In conclusion, these seven affiliate programs represent some of the best opportunities for affiliates to make quick money through affiliate marketing. Whether it’s through established platforms like Amazon Associates and ClickBank or affiliate networks like ShareASale and CJ Affiliate, affiliates have a wealth of options at their disposal to monetize their online presence and achieve financial success in a relatively short timeframe.
Certainly! ChatGPT is a versatile tool that can significantly enhance productivity. Here are some compelling ways to use it:
Simplify Research: Instead of spending hours on Google, ChatGPT can summarize articles, provide insights, and help you find relevant information quickly.
Draft Emails: Need to compose an email? ChatGPT can assist by suggesting content, improving clarity, and ensuring your message is effective.
Summarize Long Documents: Whether itโs reports, research papers, or lengthy articles, ChatGPT can create concise summaries, saving you time and effort.
Marketing Materials: Generate engaging content for blogs, articles, and social media. ChatGPT crafts compelling copy that resonates with your audience.
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Coding Snippets and Troubleshooting: ChatGPT assists with writing code, debugging, and understanding complex syntax. Itโs like having a coding buddy!
Customer Service: Automate responses to common queries, freeing up your team to focus on more critical tasks.
Create Study Guides: ChatGPT can organize information into study materials, making exam preparation efficient.
Fresh Content Generation: Whether youโre a writer, marketer, or blogger, ChatGPT can spark creativity and provide fresh ideas.
Remember, while ChatGPT is powerful, always verify critical information and use it ethically. Happy productivity!
For aspiring video creators hoping to turn their passion into a career, YouTube often appears as an ideal platform. The allure of sudden fame and financial success is strong, fueled by stories of YouTubers who have made millions of dollars. However, beneath the glitter and gloss lie some harsh realities that aspiring YouTubers must confront:
Fluctuating Ad Revenue: Even after reaching the monetization thresholds, ad revenue remains highly variable. Factors like ad rates, audience engagement, and seasonality affect earnings. For most creators, itโs not a reliable income source.
Limited Revenue Streams: Relying solely on ad revenue isnโt sustainable. Diversifying income sources through affiliate marketing, merchandise sales, sponsorships, and other channels is essential.
Oversaturated Market: YouTube is flooded with content across practically every category. Standing out and building a sizable audience can be incredibly challenging when millions of creators are vying for attention.
Monetization Thresholds: To be eligible for ad revenue, a channel must meet specific requirements, including having 1,000 subscribers and 4,000 watch hours in the last 12 months. Achieving these milestones can take months or even years.
Burnout and Mental Health: The constant pressure to produce content, meet viewer expectations, and navigate the platformโs ups and downs can negatively impact creatorsโ mental health. Burnout is a genuine concern.
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Fluctuating Ad Revenue: Even after reaching the monetization thresholds, ad revenue remains highly variable. Factors like ad rates, audience engagement, and seasonality affect earnings. For most creators, itโs not a reliable income source.
Time and Effort Investment: Producing high-quality content for YouTube demands significant time, effort, and attention. Contrary to popular belief, itโs often a full-time professionโfrom planning and filming to editing and promotion.
Competition and Copycats: Many content creators fall into the trap of imitating trends or styles to replicate successful material. Unfortunately, this lack of uniqueness adds to the intense competition and saturation.
Constant Algorithm Changes: The ever-evolving YouTube algorithm significantly impacts a channelโs reach and visibility. Adapting to these changes and staying relevant is an ongoing struggle, as what works today may not work tomorrow.
Remember, the illusion of easy money on YouTube often clashes with the complex realities faced by creators. Itโs a journey filled with challenges, but for those who persevere, the rewards can be significant.
There is no doubt that earning huge monthly profits on YouTube is an interesting matter. These profits may reach $10,000 per month, but the most exciting thing is that you can collect these profits without spending much effort and time, and this is done by following strategies that will be discussed below.
1. Curate Creative Commons License Videos:
Find existing videos related to your niche that have a Creative Commons License. Compile and post them on your channel, giving proper attribution to the original creators. This allows you to start without creating videos from scratch.
Tips:
* Niche Down: Choose a specific topic youโre passionate about.
* Optimize SEO: Use YouTube Studio to track monthly estimated revenue and adjust your approach.
2. Channel Memberships:
Offer exclusive content and perks to paid members. This provides a consistent revenue stream.
3. Affiliate Marketing:
Promote products using affiliate links in your video descriptions. You earn commissions without producing videos.
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4. Audio Podcasts on YouTube:
Create a podcast channel where you post audio content. Tap into the audience that prefers listening over watching.
5. Selling Merchandise:
Use your YouTube platform to sell branded merchandise directly to your viewers.
6. YouTube Premium Revenue:
Benefit from YouTube Premium subscribers who watch your content without ads.
7. YouTube Consultancy:
Share your expertise by offering YouTube strategy consultancy services.
8. Super Chat in Live Streams:
Encourage viewers to purchase Super Chat messages during your live streams for an interactive way to boost income.
Remember, you can tailor these strategies to your interests and skills. Whether youโre a budding content creator, affiliate marketer, or simply want to explore alternative content formats, thereโs plenty of opportunity to turn your YouTube channel into a money-making machine!
Starting and growing a YouTube channel on a low budget is an exciting venture.
Letโs dive into the details of how you can achieve this:
1. Start with an Idea
Before anything else, define your niche. What topics or content are you passionate about? Consider your interests, skills, and what you can offer to your potential audience. Having a clear idea will guide your content creation.
2. Value Content Over Equipment
Remember that audiences tune in for what you have to say, not the fancy equipment. While good production quality matters, itโs not the sole determinant of success. Use what you have and focus on creating engaging, valuable content.
3. Donโt Overthink the Results
Donโt get caught up in perfectionism. Start creating, even if you donโt have top-tier gear. Your early videos might not be flawless, but consistency matters more. Learn and improve along the way.
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4. Keep Records of Your Spending
Even on a budget, some expenses are necessary. Prioritize wisely. Here are some essentials:
Camera Options:
Your Smartphone: Most smartphones have decent cameras. Experiment with features like slow motion and 4K recording.
Webcam: While not ideal, webcams can work for basic videos.
Audio Equipment:
Lavalier Microphone: Affordable and effective for clear audio.
Desktop USB Microphone: A step up from built-in laptop mics.
Lighting:
Natural Light: Position yourself near a window during daylight hours.
Affordable Lighting Options: Consider inexpensive studio lights or use your computer monitor.
5. Be Authentic
Your personality is your biggest asset. Connect with your audience by being genuine and relatable. Authenticity builds loyal subscribers.
Remember, YouTube success isnโt solely about equipment; itโs about delivering captivating content. So, start today, create consistently, and enjoy the journey!
Descript uses AI to transcribe, edit, and mix both audio and video content.ย Itโs particularly useful for podcast conversions and streamlining content creation.
VidIQ is a comprehensive toolset designed to help creators, brands, and marketers understand their audience, navigate the YouTube algorithm, and grow their channels. Key features include:
Keyword Research: Find the most searched keywords in your niche to optimize video metadata.
Competitor Analysis: Analyze successful strategies used by competitors.
Trend Alerts: Stay informed about trending topics in your niche.
Video SEO Score: Get an SEO score for your videos and suggestions for improvement.
Channel Audit Tool: Receive a detailed report on your channelโs performance.
Productivity Tools: Bulk edit video descriptions, tags, annotations, and more.
AI Tools: Features likeย Daily Video Ideas,ย Title Generator,ย Description Generator, andย YouTube Channel Name Generatorย leverage AI to enhance content creation.
TubeBuddy is a popular browser extension and mobile app that integrates directly with YouTubeโs website. It offers various automation features, including topic ideas, trends, title and tag generation, and more.ย Itโs a valuable tool for optimizing your channels and videos.
HeyGen is an AI-powered video generator that allows you to create studio-quality videos using AI-generated avatars and voices. Whether youโre a professional or a beginner, HeyGen makes video creation effortless and efficient. Hereโs how it works:
Choose an Avatar:
Select from over 100+ AI avatars representing various ethnicities, ages, and styles.
You can even create your own custom avatar if you prefer.
Select a Voice:
HeyGen offers 300+ voices in different styles and languages.
These voices are generated by AI, infusing human-like intonation and inflections with exceptional accuracy.
Start with a Template or Create from Scratch:
Pick from an extensive array of ready-to-use templates for various scenarios.
Alternatively, begin with a clean slate and create your video from scratch.
Record Your Script or Use AI-Generated Text:
Type, speak, copy and paste, or use HeyGenโs AI to generate your script.
Effortlessly produce personalized outreach videos, content marketing videos, product marketing videos, and more.
Features for Scale:
Video Translator: Translate your videos seamlessly into other languages while maintaining your natural speaking style.
API Integration: Integrate HeyGenโs powerful AI capabilities into your product programmatically.
Veed is an AI-powered video editor that simplifies video editing directly in your browser. It offers features like auto-generated subtitles, text formatting, stock library access, screen recording, voice translations, and avatar creation.
it is a revolutionary AI-powered tool designed to simplify and streamline the content organization process for YouTube creators. By generating timestamped chapters automatically, the tool aims to enhance viewer experience, increase watch time, and drive channel growth. Creators can simply paste the YouTube URL for the video they want chapters created for, and the tool generates the chapters. Itโs like having your very own virtual assistant for video editing!
Pikzels is the worldโs first AI thumbnail generator that instantly transforms your ideas into stunning YouTube thumbnails. With Pikzels, you can create eye-catching thumbnails in under 30 seconds. Hereโs how it works:
FaceSwap: Upload a picture of yourself, and watch as our AI smoothly swaps out the original face with yours, ensuring your audience instantly recognizes you.
Instant Thumbnails: Transform your ideas into captivating thumbnails within seconds.
Powered by AI: Experience fully automated thumbnail designs with Pikzels AI.
Generate from Links: Simply paste a link to a videoโs thumbnail you like, and our AI recreates it.
Upcoming Features: Subscribers get early access to features like AI ideation and adding text to thumbnails.
Remember that while these tools can be incredibly helpful, creating engaging and valuable content remains essential for long-term channel growth. Happy YouTubing!
Stepping into the entrepreneurial arena, you’re armed with dreams and the drive to make them a reality. Yet, the landscape of small business ownership is fraught with unexpected challenges that test your resilience. Being prepared is not just advantageous; it’s crucial for navigating through these trials and emerging stronger. In this article, we will explore essential strategies to construct a resilient safety net that bolsters your small business’s stability and growth.
Laying the Financial Foundation
The journey to financial resilience begins with crafting a meticulous budget. This foundational step is vital for a thorough understanding of your financial inflows and outflows, enabling effective management of cash flow and resource allocation. Adherence to this budget fosters a discipline that is indispensable in avoiding financial missteps and ensuring your business remains on solid ground.
Building a Buffer with an Emergency Fund
An emergency fund acts as a financial lifeline during unforeseen circumstances. By setting aside a reserve to cover unexpected expenses or to provide support during revenue downturns, you afford your business a buffer against financial shocks. This strategic reserve not only offers peace of mind but also ensures the continuity of your operations, regardless of the challenges encountered.
Enhancing Protection with a Home Warranty
For entrepreneurs operating from home, adding a home warranty to your insurance coverage provides an additional safety layer. This warranty covers the repair or replacement costs of critical systems and appliances, mitigating the financial impact of unexpected failures. Get started now with integrating a home warranty into your business plan so you can ensure uninterrupted operations, safeguarding your livelihood against unforeseen disruptions.
Financial Goal Setting
Setting specific financial goals is a critical step toward securing your business’s future. Whether aiming to expand your offerings, grow your market presence, or hit specific revenue targets, having concrete objectives provides direction and motivation. Developing a strategic plan to achieve these goals is instrumental in driving your business forward, ensuring each step taken is aligned with your overarching vision.
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Prudent Use of Company Credit
Company credit cards, when used judiciously, serve as a powerful tool in managing your business’s finances. They facilitate timely expense management and offer an opportunity to build a positive credit history. However, the discipline to pay off balances promptly each month is crucial to avoid the pitfalls of debt accumulation, ensuring credit remains an asset rather than a liability.
Keeping Informed About Tax Regulations
Staying informed about tax regulations is imperative for minimizing liabilities and maximizing potential savings. A deep understanding of tax laws allows you to navigate the complex tax landscape effectively, ensuring you leverage every opportunity to benefit your business financially. Engaging with tax professionals or utilizing online resources are proactive steps in staying ahead of tax obligations and optimizing your financial strategy.
Ensuring Financial Integrity through Audits
Regular financial audits are essential for protecting your business’s financial well-being, providing valuable insights into inefficiencies, risks, and areas for improvement. These audits enable timely adjustments to financial strategies, ensuring alignment with business goals and objectives. Despite the initial apprehension that auditing may provoke, it serves as a crucial practice for upholding transparency and accountability in financial operations. By embracing regular audits, businesses can proactively identify and address potential issues before they escalate, fostering long-term stability and growth. In essence, conducting financial audits is a proactive approach to safeguarding the financial health and integrity of your business.
Fortifying your small business with a comprehensive safety net is a proactive approach to securing its longevity and prosperity. By implementing the strategies outlined above, you equip your business to withstand the vicissitudes of the entrepreneurial world, ensuring it not only survives but thrives. Take the initiative today to reinforce your business’s defenses, laying the groundwork for a resilient and successful future.
Discover how Data World Consulting Group can transform your data science journey and digital marketing strategies.
There is no doubt that creating a professional intro for YouTube clips has a major role in the overall success of the video, given what it leaves the viewer with as a first impression, and through it you will be able to retain viewers and make them quickly learn about your brand and the services you provide.
Here are six steps to help you create an effective intro:
Preparing the content by writing the script: Plan your intro in advance. Write a concise script that introduces your channel, topic, and what viewers can expect. A well-prepared script ensures a smooth delivery.
Get used to appearing in front of the camera relaxed: Practice makes perfect! Familiarize yourself with your camera or recording device. Relax, be natural, and avoid appearing stiff. Authenticity resonates with viewers.
Interest in video editing: Basic video editing skills are essential. Learn how to trim clips, add transitions, and incorporate text overlays. Tools like Placeit, InVideo, or VideoHive can simplify this process.
The effects and transitions that are added to the video play an effective role in attracting attention and enjoying watching the video, and even help greatly in conveying the idea to be conveyed to the recipient easily and simply.
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Beautiful, spontaneous scene: Your intro should set the tone for your video. Use captivating visuals, such as eye-catching graphics or footage related to your content. Consider using tools like Canva to create visually appealing elements.
The spontaneity of the scene and the absence of artificiality is a main reason for attracting viewers, and this helps maintain followers of the channel
Make sure the sound is clear: Donโt underestimate the importance of audio! Clear and crisp sound enhances the overall quality of your video. Invest in a decent microphone and ensure your voice or background music is well-balanced.
You must be well aware that no matter how beautiful the content and the great performance in the video are, it will be of no use if the sound is poor. Integration between sound and image quality is a fundamental reason for the success of the video.
Choose the appropriate music for the content: Background music sets the mood. Choose music that aligns with your contentโwhether itโs upbeat, dramatic, or calming. Remember to use royalty-free tracks to avoid copyright issues.
In conclusion: Remember, your intro should be concise (usually under 10 seconds) and leave viewers eager to see more!
When digital data reigns supreme, small business owners must confront the significant challenge of safeguarding sensitive customer information. This responsibility, crucial for sustaining trust and profitability, requires a well-thought-out strategy and proactive measures. This guide from Data World Consulting Group delves into actionable steps aimed at strengthening data security, providing a solid defense against the constantly changing landscape of cyber threats.
Digital File Management and Robust Password Practices
Transitioning to digital files not only modernizes your data storage but also enhances security. It’s imperative to safeguard these digital assets with strong, complex passwords. Creating unique passwords for different files and regularly updating them can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access. This practice serves as a first line of defense, ensuring that sensitive information remains protected from potential breaches.
Invest in Advanced IT Education
Grasping the intricacies of information technology, encompassing key areas such as logic, architecture, data structures, and artificial intelligence, is crucial for navigating today’s digital landscape. Enhancing your expertise in these domains, perhaps through the process of an online degree in computer science, empowers you to devise and execute robust data security protocols. This deepened understanding not only allows you to foresee and mitigate potential vulnerabilities but also equips you to develop adaptive strategies that safeguard your data against the ever-evolving nature of cyber threats.
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Implement Essential Cybersecurity Tools
Firewall and antivirus software act as fundamental barriers against cyber threats. These tools monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, offering a primary defense against unauthorized access. Regular updates and maintenance of these systems are crucial in ensuring they remain effective against the latest cyber threats.
Establish a Dedicated IT Department
Having a specialized IT department brings focused expertise to the management and security of your digital assets. These professionals stay abreast of the latest cybersecurity trends and threats, ensuring that your business’s data is protected with the most current and effective strategies. Their expertise is invaluable in both preventing data breaches and responding effectively if one occurs.
Prioritize Trustworthy Staff Recruitment
Employees are a critical factor in upholding a secure data environment. Recruiting individuals who demonstrate high levels of integrity and responsibility is key to ensuring that your data is managed with the highest level of attention and care. Enhanced security measures, such as comprehensive background checks and consistent training in data security, elevate the trustworthiness and capability of your team in protecting sensitive information. Additionally, fostering a culture of security awareness among staff contributes to a vigilant and proactive approach to data protection.
Develop an Efficient Filing System
Maintaining a meticulously structured filing system plays a pivotal role in reducing risks tied to data management. Such a system enhances the efficiency of retrieving information while simultaneously diminishing the likelihood of inadvertent data breaches.
Through careful labeling and secure storage of data, you guarantee that sensitive information remains within the reach of only those who are authorized, thus strengthening your data security framework. This methodical organization also aids in tracking data access and modifications, providing an additional layer of security and oversight.
The path to robust data security for small business owners is an ongoing and challenging endeavor. By integrating digital solutions, investing in IT education, utilizing strategic cybersecurity tools, and focusing on the recruitment of trustworthy staff, you establish a formidable shield against data breaches. This comprehensive approach does more than just protect your customers’ information; it lays a solid foundation for the long-term success and reputation of your business.
Technology has revolutionized the way that businesses operate, but it has also made them more susceptible to data breaches and other risks. Data governance is one way that companies can protect their data and ensure that it is being used properly.
This article shared by Data World Consulting Group will provide an overview of what data governance is and how it can benefit small businesses. Implementing effective data governance practices can not only safeguard sensitive information but also enhance trust with customers and comply with regulatory requirements.
Define Its Role and Importance
Data governance is the process of establishing policies, procedures, and standards for managing data within an organization. It involves defining who has access to certain types of data, as well as how it should be collected, stored, and used. Data governance helps organizations ensure that their data is secure and up-to-date, while also protecting them from potential liabilities associated with improper use or storage of customer information.
Impact of Data on Risk Mitigation
Data governance helps reduce the risk profile of a business by ensuring that sensitive information is protected and stored properly. It also helps to reduce the chances of a data breach occurring by limiting who has access to certain types of data and requiring security controls such as encryption and regular backups. By implementing data governance policies, businesses can be sure that they are protecting their customer’s information as well as their own assets. Additionally, effective data governance enhances transparency and accountability, building trust with stakeholders.
The Role of Digital CRM Tools
Data governance empowers businesses to gain deeper insights into their customers using advanced digital tools like CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software and options related to customer data management. By leveraging this software, businesses can effortlessly monitor customer interactions, leading to more personalized marketing campaigns and enhanced communication. Moreover, this software enables businesses to analyze customer behavior, facilitating informed decision-making for future strategies.
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Guiding the Construction of Business Strategies
Data governance not only aids businesses in gaining a deeper understanding of their customers but also offers invaluable insights into constructing strategies that optimize efficiency and profitability. By analyzing customer behavior patterns through various methods like surveys or A/B testing, businesses can devise more effective strategies for targeting specific audiences and launching new products or services. With the right data governance framework in place, companies can ensure the privacy and security of customer data, fostering trust and loyalty among their clientele.
Advancing Stakeholder Awareness and Consent
Data governance helps improve understanding between stakeholders by providing clear guidelines on how different departments should handle various types of information within the organization. This level of understanding leads to increased acceptance among stakeholders, which ultimately leads to greater collaboration between teams when tackling problems or developing new strategies together. In addition, effective data governance enhances data security and mitigates risks associated with data breaches.
Upsides of Enhanced Departmental Collaboration
When stakeholders have a greater understanding of each other’s roles within the organization through proper data governance practices, they are able to collaborate more effectively on projects involving multiple departments. This collaboration not only increases efficiency but also allows departments to leverage each other’s strengths to produce higher-quality results. By working together, they can drive innovation and achieve shared objectives, fostering a culture of success within the organization.
Data governance is an important tool for small businesses looking for ways to protect themselves from potential liabilities associated with improper use or storage of customer info while also improving collaboration among various departments within the organization for maximum efficiency gains & profitability increases in long-term projects & initiatives alike โ making it essential for modern-day success rate amongst aspiring entrepreneurs!
The rise of e-commerce in recent years has been nothing short of astounding. With more and more people using digital platforms to shop, business owners are racing to keep up with the demand. But what separates the successful ones from the rest? It’s the ability to adapt and leverage technology to their advantage. In this article, we’ll explore how you can revolutionize your e-commerce operations through digital technology.
From artificial intelligence to blockchain, the Data World Consulting Group covers the top strategies for staying ahead of the game.
Harness the Power of AI to Increase Efficiency
AI has been a buzzword in the tech industry for a while now and with good reason. By training algorithms to identify patterns and behaviors, companies can gain insights into their customers’ preferences and deliver personalized experiences.
For e-commerce businesses, this can mean anything from recommending products based on previous purchases to using chatbots for customer service. By investing in AI, you can not only improve your customers’ experience but also increase your sales and revenue. As you search for a robust automation and AI solution, you should take a look at this generative AI tool.
Add Augmented Reality (AR)
Harvard Business Review notes that augmented reality (AR) is another technology that’s gaining traction in the e-commerce space. AR allows customers to visualize products more interactively, giving them a sense of what they’re purchasing before they hit “buy”. Think of it as a virtual try-on for clothing or a 3D model of furniture in your living room. This not only enhances the customer experience but also reduces the chances of returns and increases customer satisfaction.
Enhance Your Customers’ Mobile Experience
With more than 50% of internet traffic coming from mobile devices, it’s essential to optimize your e-commerce site for mobile users. This means ensuring that your site is mobile-friendly, easy to navigate, and fast to load. You should also consider investing in mobile apps to provide a more seamless experience for your customers. Apps can allow for push notifications, personalized recommendations, and an easy checkout process.
Invest in a 3D Design Tool
Bringing new products to the market can be a costly and time-consuming process. Investing in a 3D design tool is an affordable option for businesses looking to bring new products to market efficiently. With the help of a 3D design software, companies can easily create and visualize their product ideas in a digital space before moving on to the manufacturing process. This allows for faster iteration and prototyping, ultimately leading to a faster time to market. The cost of a 3D design tool is often outweighed by the benefits it provides in terms of increased efficiency and speed.
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Achieve Optimal Supply Chain Efficiency
Optimizing your supply chain can be a game-changer for your e-commerce business. By using automated systems and data analytics, you can reduce costs, save time, and improve efficiency. This could include using sensors to track inventory levels, using predictive analytics to forecast demand, or using automated drones to deliver products.
Use Chatbots to Improve Customer Service
Chatbots have become increasingly popular in recent years, with many e-commerce businesses using them to improve customer service. By using natural language processing and AI, chatbots can provide personalized recommendations, answer customer questions, and resolve issues. This not only improves the customer experience but also frees up your staff to focus on higher-level tasks.
Capitalize in Blockchain Technology
Finally, as Business News Daily points out, blockchain technology is another area that e-commerce businesses should consider investing in. Blockchain provides a tamper-proof and transparent ledger of transactions, making it ideal for managing supply chains and tracking product authenticity. This technology can also be used for secure payments and protecting customer privacy.
There are many ways that e-commerce businesses can revolutionize their operations through digital technology. By embracing AI, AR, mobile, 3D design, supply chain optimization, chatbots, and blockchain, you can enhance the customer experience, reduce costs, and stay ahead of the competition.
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The data set in our project represents hotel reservation information in the city
This reservation information includes the time of reservation, the duration of stay, the number of people who wish to reserve, classified according to (adults – children – babies) and the number of garages available for parking
* The stage of importing and reading data packages
At this point we have to import packages and libraries for data analysis and visualization
We can now read the data set
To show us the data as follows
*The data Preparation stage includes the following steps:
1. Handling Missing Values:
It appears to us that there are four columns whose values are empty, and in order to deal with them, we must understand the context of the data, and this is done by doing what is shown in the following figure:
2. Convert column values:
We have to replace the random values by further analysis
3. Change Data Styles:
Now we need to modify some columns that are still in the string types
4. Handling duplicates:
We have to remove the duplicate rows and to find out the number of duplicate rows we will run the following code
5. Create new columns by combining other columns:
6. Drop unnecessary columns
We do this because we used it to create new columns
* Descriptive analysis and correlations:
We can implement this function to return the description of the data in the DataFrame
We will use this data to perform the statistical analysis
Correlation heatmap
We will now construct the relationship between the image of the strength of the relationships between the numerical variables
We’ll touch on using this map for EDA later
* Exploratory data analysis:
As for the EDA procedure, and in order to stay on the right path, it is preferable that we follow the following steps:
After the data preparation process, we export the file to csv and then import it into Tableau to perform visualization later
By looking at the previous map, we have several inquiries about the relationships between features
We will use the previous map and visualizations to formulate the following inquiries:
From the data set, we selected three main elements: Booking, hotel, and customer
Booking:
1. What is the big picture for booking rooms throughout the year and month?
2. What are the best booking channels?
3. Will the reservation requester include meals with the reservation menu?
hotel:
4. Which hotels are the most popular and how many bookings do they have during the year?
5. Compare those hotels in the customer group.
6. Compare those hotels on customer type.
customers:
7. What are the types of customer requests when staying in different room types?
8. Knowing the highest frequency of guests and the highest length of stay.
9. What is the impact of the presence of children on the parents’ decision to order meals and the length of stay?
10. For children and babies, what is their preferred type of room?
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*Visualizationย and conclusion stage:
It is the visualization stage using Tableau
1. What is the big picture for booking rooms throughout the year and month?
We’ll look at a three-year period in our next scenario
Check-out is observed in a large number of rooms, in return, a large percentage of the rooms are cancelled
The number of rooms that were booked, but the customers did not show up, was very large
Room reservations are classified by months:
We will notice that bookings in 2016 were at their peak, especially between the months of April and July
2. What are the best booking channels?
It shows us that direct channel is prevalent over hotel booking channels
While it shows us the reservation channels over time, it did not appear effective in hotel reservations, as is the case in the GDS channel
3. Will the reservation requester include meals with the reservation menu?
It is expected that the number of meals will increase with the increase in the number of reservation days, so we note that the months of July and August witness a large number of meals and booked rooms, then the numbers take a rapid decline after that
4. Which hotels are the most popular and how many bookings do they have during the year?
We are processing reservations for two hotels, City Hotel and Resort Hotel
Both hotels started booking around 2015
In comparison, we find that the City Hotel had approximately 19,000 reservations in 2016.
On the other hand, we find that the Resort Hotel had 12,200 reservations in the same year
5. Compare those hotels in the customer group.
The proportion of reservations among adults is ten times higher than the children’s group and thirty times higher than the infant group
This rate is also fixed at the Resort Hotel
6. Compare those hotels on customer type.
The main client type is Transient, followed by the Transient-Party client type, and then the contract client type
In the result, we see that the Resort hotel has a higher percentage of the contract customer type, with a total of 8182
City Hotel scored only 2,390
Omitting the Group customer type
7. What are the types of customer requests when staying in different room types?
The percentage of requests for parking spaces is directly proportional to the percentage of special requests submitted by customers, so it increases with its increase
We notice an increase in the number of guests in rooms D and A
Considering that these two rooms are the most common, this means that there is a high demand for requests
8. Knowing the highest frequency of guests and the highest length of stay.
The following chart shows data on the number of repeat guests and total stays aggregated by market movement
The number of repeat visitors within the corporate sector reached 1,445 visitors, and in return 579 visitors made reservations at the hotel again via the Internet, with a total length of stay of 103,554 nights.
The corporate segment has the highest number of repeat guests at 1,445, but their total number of nights is very low. Meanwhile, 579 online guests booked the hotel again, with a total stay of 103,554 nights.
9. What is the impact of the presence of children on the parents’ decision to order meals and the length of stay?
It is clear that the presence of children has a direct impact on the parentsโ decision to choose to order meals and the duration of stay. Families with children tend to request additional meals but less stay, as we can see in the figure
10. For children and babies, what is their preferred type of room?
Considering that
G, F, A are common rooms for children
G, D, A are common rooms for babies
We conclude that rooms G and A are most suitable for visitors with children and babies
Excluding rooms H, E, and B from the preferred rooms for the same clients
Thus, we have completed our project and learned about the most important points that must be taken into account when undertaking any project of this kind
Product improvement process requires knowing the right strategy to follow to achieve this goal
In our research, we will discuss the Spotify application as a full explanation of these strategies
What is Spotify?
It is an application that provides audio content lovers with easy access to digital music, digital books, and podcasts on demand and in high quality, and it has several advantages such as providing suggestions that suit the interests of the listener and creating collections of music and podcasts
This application relies on several techniques such as data analysis to provide the best services to users and to continuously create a good view of preferred content, which helps to continuously provide appropriate suggestions, in addition to building a huge music library
This application also allows artists to develop their level so that it works to encourage them and provide them with support. Thus, with the development of their performance, their popular base increases, and this is the basic foundation for starting a sound strategy for the process of product growth.
It is noticeable that the use of this application has increased on a large scale, and to study the strategy of this growth, we must clarify several points
* Custom recommendations:
This point focuses on knowing user behavior and defining search queries by taking advantage of machine learning algorithms to analyze listening patterns, so the user generates a motive for repeated use
* Social features:
The social communication process is an important way to share playlists and follow friends on the platform, which contributes to increasing the user’s participation through interaction with his peers
* Gamification:
This system organizes lists of distinguished people, challenges, and badges. Introducing this system to the platform leads to creating a spirit of competition, which leads them to be present for longer periods on the application, and thus increase the participation of users.
* Exclusive offers:
This application is keen to avoid boring content, which users are accustomed to appearing on other platforms, and is unique in offering what is new to attract users more.
* Flexibility in use
This application has provided an easy to control interface for the users and this also contributes to the motivation of the users to spend more time and increase participation
* Collaboration with celebrities
This procedure helps to reach a wider audience and increase user participation due to the great popularity of celebrities, especially the most present on social media.
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* Podcast summary feature
This feature allows users to refer to future podcast content after the broadcast has ended with a notable summary in PDF format so they don’t have to listen to the entire podcast
* Enhance post-broadcast interaction
The user can interact after the broadcast by making inquiries or comments, which also contributes to the expansion of participation on the application
These strategies contribute to the growth of this application, and with its continuity, it is expected that the growth will increase at a good rate in the near future
By projecting these strategies on any product, we conclude that the basic factors of development and growth intersect at key issues, the most important of which is the improvement and development of services to attract the largest possible number of users who form the strong base upon which the producer relies for the spread of his product.
With the rapid scientific progress, learning frameworks have become more expanded and diverse, given that continuous learning is an essential cornerstone for the learner to develop himself and increase his skills that he needs for the growth of his work.
Therefore, professional development is one of the pillars of advancement for any work or profession, whether at the level of the individual or the institution, all the way to companies at all levels.
The aforementioned can be applied to data science and all the sciences and specializations that derive from it. The data scientistโs development of his skills and experiences, and thus his keeping pace with continuous developments and updates, raises his value and scientific level.
Experience and skill in data science and its analysis can be gained from several sources, including training courses, but on the other hand, the sources of these training courses must be reliable in terms of correct information and high efficiency, so we will present a list of free virtual training courses provided by the best data science companies with special registration links with it
* KPMG Data Analytics Internship
This company is considered a member of the family of major accounting companies that provide valuable scientific content, focusing in its educational program on simplifying the concept of dealing with big data and how to optimally deal with effective data analyzes,
It is a global management consulting company with offices in many countries of the world and its headquarters is located in Boston, and it is known as one of the highest-level consulting companies in the world. It is famous for creating many management analysis methods, including the growth and participation matrix, the effects of the experience curve, and others.
The TATA Group includes many companies that provide energy, engineering and information systems services, in addition to training programs related to data science, especially with regard to solving problems and dealing with them to reach the best results.
This course will enable you to learn about the day-to-day work of the Data Science team at British Airways. You will learn how they extract data from customer reviews and create predictive models.
Similar to the previous company, during this course, you will be allowed to enter the daily work world of the American company Cognizant, allowing you to virtually complete the tasks of the artificial intelligence team and gain experience and skill
This training program allows you to learn about the ability of data to penetrate individuals and organizations. This program is provided by Quantium, a leading company in data science and technology, by creating decision support tools, generating insights, and developing data sets
From what we have seen, these courses are an opportunity to get acquainted with the mechanism of dealing with important companies with data science and various analysis techniques, so that they allow you to work with them virtually to increase your experience and expand your skills.
We have already noted in previous articles that a job in data science is the dream of many in recent times, and this matter requires effort to obtain great experience and knowledge due to the high level of competition to obtain this job.
And the most important pillars of the required expertise is not only knowing the tools and dealing with them, but it is necessary for the data scientist to have a comprehensive idea of the main concepts and techniques and use them later according to the requirements of the work to be accomplished.
In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide for beginners who are about to learn data science
Let’s first learn about the concept of data science
Data science in a simplified way is the integration of a group of sciences such as mathematics, statistics and programming that work together to obtain useful insights when dealing with data.
Many related sciences branch out from data science, and the following sciences are the most common, including:
Machine learning, data analysis, business intelligence, statistics, mathematics and other sciences whose prevalence is no longer a secret
Data science is utilized according to previous features and technologies in several areas, including:
Language translation and text analytics, image sorting, remote sensing and health services management
The three most common tasks in data science
Data Analyst: Analyze data to generate better insights for business decisions
Data Scientist: Extracting useful information from big data
Data architecture: dealing with data pipelines
What are the best ways to learn data work?
Learning data science is distinguished by the fact that the deeper you study it, the more knowledge horizons will increase in front of you, and you will feel that you still have a lot to learn. Through this plan, diversify learning sources, such as using online training courses, viewing certificates, and choosing the appropriate ones. There are other means that we will discuss later.
* Know the basic concepts
Knowing the necessary tools and software used by a data scientist as well as the main techniques is one of the most important necessities to learn
Learning a programming language is the most important pillar necessary to start the journey of learning as the Python language (or any language of your choice), you must learn it to the point of proficiency, and reading articles related to the basics of programming and learning how to write code helps you to enable and consolidate the information you receive
* learning through the implementation of projects
This method is the best for learning, as it will introduce you to the work environment in data science. As you implement projects, you will have clear visions, and you will have your own style in deducing options and exploring appropriate solutions.
The implementation of projects requires conducting many searches and carrying out relevant studies. It is advised to start with simple projects that suit your level as a beginner, and with continuous repetition and good follow-up, you will find yourself starting to learn broader concepts to move on to implementing more complex projects, thus increasing your experience and skills.
What are the most important points that a beginner data scientist should learn?
You must choose a field in which you specialize in data science, and accordingly we mention several concepts that you must learn and master
1. Comprehensive knowledge
You must realize the real world around you by following the news that benefits you in your field of learning and keeping abreast of all updates and technologies. By employing the events around you in your studies in a field of data science, you can get the maximum benefit from the course of events around you.
2. Mathematics and Statistics
mathematics
* Linear Algebra: It is a branch that is useful in machine learning because it relies on the formation of matrices, which is a basic pillar of machine learning, so that the matrix represents the data set
Probability: This branch of mathematics is useful in predicting the unknown outcomes of a particular event
* Calculus: They are useful in collecting small differences to determine the derivatives and integrals of functions, and this appears in deep learning and machine learning
Statistics
Descriptive statistics: includes (average, median, cut statistics, and weighted statistics). This is considered the beginning of the stages of analyzing quantitative data formed in the form of charts and graphs.
Inferential statistics: includes determining working measures A and B tests and creating hypothesis tests, probability value, and alpha values for analyzing the collected data
3. Dealing with databases
When talking about data engineering, we should mention the intersection between a data scientist and a data engineer, where pipelines are created for all data from several sources and stored in a single data warehouse.
As a beginner it is recommended to learn SQL and then move to One RDBMS such as
MySQL and One NoSQL
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4. Python and its libraries
It is the most widely used programming language for later use in data analytics due to its simplicity in terms of building code and organizing sentences, and it has many libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and Scikit-Learn.
This allows the data scientist to use data more effectively
There are courses for beginners in Python on Udemy or Coursera that can be used to learn the principles of Python
5. Data cleaning
It is a time-consuming task for beginners, but it must be implemented in order to obtain good data analysis resulting from clean data.
For a detailed explanation of data cleaning, you can read a comprehensive article through this link Click here
6. Exploratory data analysis
This type of analysis is meant to detect anomalies in the data and test hypotheses with the help of statistics and graphs
As a beginner, you can use Python to perform EDA according to the following steps
Data collection: It involves gathering, measuring, and analyzing accurate data from multiple sources in order to find a solution to a specific problem
Data cleaning: Troubleshoot incorrect data
Univariate analysis: It is an analysis process based on a single change without addressing complex relationships and aims to describe the data and identify existing patterns
Bivariate Analysis: This process compares two variables to determine how the features affect each other to perform the analysis and determine the causes
7. Visualization
One of the most important pillars of all data analysis projects, visualization is a technique that makes seeing data clear and effective in the end, and reaching effective results in visualization depends on having the right set of visualizations for different types of data
Types of perceptions:
HISTOGRAM
bar chart
BUBBLE CHART
RADAR CHART
WATERFALL CHART
PIE CHART
LINE CHART
AREA CHART
TREE MAP
SCATTERPLOT
BOX PLOT
The most important visualization tools:
Tableau: This is the most popular tool for data visualization due to its reliance on scientific research, which improves analysis results with the required speed
BI Bower: An interactive program developed by Microsoft that is often used in business intelligence
Google Chart: It is widely used by the analyst community due to its provision of graphical visualizations
JupiterR: This web-based application features the convenience of creating and sharing documents with visualizations
So we conclude from the above that visualization is the process of showing data in a visual way without having to plan all the information
I hope that I have been successful in identifying the most important points that help a beginner in data science to stand on his feet and prove himself as a data scientist seeking to develop himself and refine his skills
It is certain that many of you, dear readers, have knowledge of other important points that I did not mention. Share them with us in the comments, Thank you.
Data sets often contain errors or inconsistencies, especially when collected from multiple sources. In these cases, it is necessary to organize that data, correct errors, remove redundant entries, work to organize and format data, and exclude outliers. These procedures are called data cleaning.
The purpose of data cleaning
This process aims to detect any defect in the data and deal with it from the beginning, thus avoiding wasting time spent on arriving at incorrect results
In other words, early detection and fixing of errors leads to correct results
This fully applies to data analysis. Going with clean and formatted data enables analysts to save time and get the best results.
Here is an example showing the stages of data cleaning:
In this example we used Jupyter Notebook to run Python code inside Visual Studio Code
This stage aims to identify the data structure in terms of type and distribution in order to detect errors and imbalances in the data
This process will print the first and last 10 entries of the dataset and thus determine the applicable dataset type so that you choose the first or last entry according to the desired purpose and then output using df.head(10)
We notice some NaN entries in the Choice_description column
and a dollar sign in the item_price column
B. Data types of columns
You must now determine what type of data is in each column
In the following code, we define the column names and data types in an organized and coordinated manner
The output is:
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The third stage: data cleaning
a. Change the data type
If the work requires converting data types, this is done while monitoring the data
In our example item_price includes a dollar sign, we can remove it and replace it with float64 because it contains a decimal number
B. Missing or empty values
The stage of searching for missing values in the data set comes:
The output is:
We notice from the output result above that the null value is represented by True, while False does not represent null values We’ll have to find the number of null entries in the table using the sum because we won’t be able to see all the real values in the table
This procedure indicates to us the columns that contain null values and the number of them is empty. We can also note that the “option_description” column is the column that contains empty entries and 1246 of them are empty
We can also determine the presence of null values for each column and find the number as in the following image
We then proceed to find the missing values for each column
In our example, we notice that only one column contains null values
It should be noted here that it is necessary to calculate the percentage of the values in each column because, especially in the case of large data, it is possible that there will be empty values within several columns.
The output is:
We find here that the description column contains missing values by 27%, and this percentage does not necessitate deleting the entire column because it did not exceed 70%, which is the percentage of missing values that if found in a column, it is preferable to get rid of it
Another approach to dealing with missing values when cleaning data is to depend on the type of data and the defect to be addressed
To further clarify we have the column “choice_description” and to understand what the problem is we check the unique entries in this column to get more solutions
Now we make sure how many choice_description contains choice_description
Considering that the missing values are for the customerโs choice, they can be replaced on the assumption that these customers did not give details of their requests, so we replace the missing values with โRegularโ.
And replace the null values with “Regular Order”
The output is:
Now let’s make sure that there are null values
By replacing null values with their descriptions, we got rid of all the missing values and began to improve our data
B. Remove redundancy
Now we will check the number of duplicate entries and then get rid of them and this deletion is not done if at least one of the entries is different from row to row as duplicate entries mean that all rows are exactly the same as the other row
We can check by running the code
The output is:
We will now delete duplicate entries
As a precautionary step we will make sure that there are no duplicate entries again
c. Delete extra spaces
That is, getting rid of spaces, extra spaces that are useless between letters and words
This task can be carried out by them:
String processing functions
regular expressions
Data cleaning tools
Fourth stage: data export
This step involves exporting the clean data keeping in mind that in our example we are working on a narrow and simplified scale
This code writes the cleaned data to a new CSV file named cleaned_data.csv
In the same path as our Python script with the ability to modify the file name and path as required
The argument index = False indicates that pandas does not include row index numbers in the exported data.
Fifth stage: data visualization using Tableau
We have reached the end of the data filtering journey with the clean data which we will export to visualization and now ready for easy analysis
The data science employee in his first appointment period often suffers from some difficulties that are embodied in some chaos, instability, lack of organization, and perhaps difficulty in adapting and confusion, especially in the early days, at the very least, but the new employee must overcome these obstacles, which, in my opinion, are a normal condition. His first steps towards success and development
What we will discuss in this article is how to create the right conditions for building a successful team in the data science job
Co-workers are the environment that helps each person in this group to progress and develop at their various levels, and as a junior employee, your colleague, who was hired a short time ago, will help you answer beginners’ questions, and soon you will have an idea of the basics of the work system for the job, and as your activity grows and develops Your level You can start the stage of receiving ideas about a group of experiences and skills from those older than you in the job with experience and competence at work until you find in yourself that experienced employee who can discuss with his manager on deeper and more accurate topics, as the manager in general tends to the employee who offers suggestions and initiates To the effective discussion by expressing valuable opinions and providing feasible solutions.
You must agree with me that if we look at any successful functional community, whether it is a company, an institution, or even within the private sector, we see that the basis for success lies in the spirit of cooperation and love among the team members at different levels and degrees.
At the beginning of talking about the incorporation stages, especially in the first month of the job, we recommend asking a lot of questions, as it is an ideal period for receiving information, setting priorities and learning vocabulary, by following the following instructions:
1. Be sure to join the guidance units provided by your company, which are dedicated to guiding new employees, as they are capable of informing you of the company’s policy and approach in terms of privacy, security and ethics, and you will also be able to request comprehensive guides for what you need.
2. Always seek information about the team’s work so that you can keep up with the work with them, through continuous communication with your manager and try to make suggestions that contribute to the progress of the company’s work, and try to know the type of challenges that the company faces to start building a successful plan based on your skills and method to overcome problems and face the challenges.
3. Take advantage of the opportunity when there are no internal repositories to publish analytics suites, collect examples and create one so that these repositories become very important to the team and future employees, and do not miss out on getting to know the previous work or project of the company – that is, before your appointment period – to have an idea of โโhow it works Upcoming projects.
4. Try to stay abreast of current issues in the company by joining e-mail subscriptions and other chat platforms. Joining these channels, getting to know their users, and sharing ideas and experiences with them helps you gain more experience.
5. Make sure to introduce yourself in front of your manager and your colleagues through the meetings, and try briefly to present some of your work and projects that you have undertaken and the solutions that you presented during the implementation of the projects. It will increase their confidence in you.
We have already explained in a previous article how to build a business portfolio in the field of data science. For information, click here
6. It is necessary to know the main contacts in the company so you should request a list of contacts from your manager or colleagues
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Start building your own data science ecosystem
1. The first step is to prepare your computer with login and remote access information, download the necessary software for your business, get technical support, and don’t forget the necessary equipment and devices
2. It is very important that you obtain the information as soon as possible after your appointment, as the processing takes some time and the time factor here is very important. You should take the initiative directly to ask your manager and those in charge of the work about the data sets that you need to communicate with them and ask for a list of websites that you may need in your business
3. Definitely don’t forget to download the software that your team relies on to work continuously, such as programming languages and data visualization tools
4. Understanding (domain): It is very necessary to help you ensure that the data is interpreted correctly when doing analysis or using a machine learning model The proficiency stage After completing the correct preparation and preparation stage, you must establish yourself and
prove your competence by following these steps:
1. Start your career journey by getting to know your colleagues and introducing yourself to them, such as asking your manager to work with them by appointing you to the team. Share your opinions and experiences with them, even if they are modest. This will help them determine the level of interaction with you and will help build a spirit of cooperation and participation among team members.
2. The first impression is the effect that will be imprinted on your colleagues from the first meeting, whether it is at the level of your morals or your scientific level. In terms of ethics and dealing, people generally tend towards a humble, loving and tolerant person, and they rush to gain his friendship to be close to him. As for the scientific level, when your colleagues find you A person who loves to cooperate and share ideas and experiences will be an ideal person and a model for an efficient employee
3. Let others know about the nature of your work and your main mission in the company, and keep them up to date with your work style and achievements, such as placing links in newsletters and presenting them to the team
Finally..
I believe that by following these steps it is possible to overcome the most difficult period in the appointment stage for a new job, and this is what came to my mind regarding the matters that necessitated that.
My friends If you, think that there are things that we did not mention that may help in establishing a successful work team, then share them with us in the comments so that we can apply what we have previously read on the ground and build a small team whose members exchange information and experiences between the publisher and the recipient .. Thank you.
This term stands for a process of statistical analysis to test the relationship between two continuous variables, the first is independent and the second is one dependent
This type of statistics is used to find the best line through a set of data points that in turn will reveal the best future predictions
The simple linear regression equation is as follows:
y = b0 + b1*x
y is the dependent variable
x represents the independent variable
b0 represents the y-intercept (the point of intersection of the y-axis with the line)
b1 represents the slope of the line
And by the method of least squares, we can get the most appropriate line, that is, the line that reduces the sum of the square differences between the actual and expected values of the value of y
We can also customize the work of linear regression to expand it to several independent variables, then it is called multiple linear regression, whose equation is as follows:
y = b0 + b1x1 + b2x2 +โฆ + bn * xn
x1, x2, …, xn represent the independent variables
b1, b2, …, bn represent the corresponding variables
As mentioned above, linear regression is useful for obtaining future predictions, as is the case when predicting stock prices or determining future sales of a specific product, and this is done by making predictions about the dependent variable
However, there are cases in which the regression model is not very accurate, in the event that there are extreme values that do not take the direction of the data in general
In order to show the optimal treatment in linear regression in the presence of extreme values, the following figure is given
– Neutralizing outliers from the data set before training the model
– Minimize the effect of outliers by applying a transform as taking a data log
Use powerful regression methods such as RANSAC or Theil-Sen because they mitigate the negative impact of outliers more effectively than traditional linear regression.
However, it cannot be denied that linear regression is an effective and commonly used statistical method
2. Logistic regression
It is a statistical method used to obtain predictions for options that bear two options, i.e. binary outcome, by relying on one or more independent variables, and this regression has a role in classification and sorting functions, such as predicting customer behavior and other tasks.
The work of logistic regression is based on a sigmoid function that sets the input variables to a probability between 0 and 1, and then comes the role of the prediction to get the possible outcome
Logistic regression is represented by the following equation:
P(y = 1|x) represents the probability that the outcome of y is 1 compared to the input variables x
b0 represents the intercept
b1, b2, …, bn represent the coefficients of the input variables x1, x2, …, xn
By training the model on a data set and using the optimization algorithm, the coefficients are determined and then used to make predictions by entering new data and calculating the probability that the result is 1
In the following diagram we see the logistic regression model
By examining the previous diagram , we find that the input variables x1 and x2 were used to predict the result y that has two options.
This regression is tasked with assigning the input variables to a probability that will determine in the future the shape of the expectation of the outcome
The coefficients b1 and b2 are determined by training the model on a data set and setting the threshold to 0.5.
3. Support Vector Machines (SVMs)
SVM is a powerful algorithm for both classification and regression. It divides data points into different categories by finding the optimal level with maximum margin. SVMs have been successfully applied in various fields, including image recognition, text classification, and bioinformatics.
The cases where SVMs are used are when the data cannot be separated by a straight line, this channel can distribute the data over a high-dimensional swath to facilitate the detection of nonlinear boundaries
SVMs have proven memory utilization, they focus on storing only the support vectors without the entire data set, and they are highly efficient in high-dimensional spaces even if the number of features is greater than the number of samples
This technique is strong against outliers due to its dependence on support vectors
However, one of the drawbacks of this technique is that it is sensitive to kernel function selection, and it is not effective for large data sets, as its training time is often very long.
4. Decision Trees:
Decision trees are multi-pronged algorithms that build a tree-like model of decisions and their possible outcomes. By asking a series of questions, decision trees classify data into categories or predict continuous values. They are common in areas such as finance, customer segmentation, and manufacturing
So, it is a tree-like diagram, where each internal set forms a decision point, while the leaf node expresses prediction
To explain how the decision tree works:
The process of building the tree begins with selecting the root node so that it is easy to sort the data into different categories, then the data is iteratively divided into subgroups based on the values of the input features in order to find a classification formula that facilitates the sorting of the different data or required values
The decision tree diagram is easy to understand as it enables the user to create a well-defined visualization that allows the correct and beneficial decision-making
However, it should be known that the deeper the decision tree and the greater the number of its leaves, the greater the probability of neglecting the data, and this is one of the negative aspects of the decision tree.
If we want to talk about other negative aspects, it must be noted that the decision tree is often sensitive to the order of the input features, and this leads to different tree diagrams, and on the other hand, the final tree may not give the best result.
5. Random Forest:
The random forest is a group learning method that combines many decision trees to improve prediction accuracy. Each tree is built on a random subset of the training data and features. Random forests are effective for classification and regression tasks, finding applications in areas such as finance, healthcare, and bioinformatics.
Random forests are used if the data in a single decision tree is subject to overfitting, thus improving the model with greater accuracy
This forest is formed using the Bootstrapping technique which generates multiple decision trees
It is a statistical method based on randomly selecting data points and replacing them with the original data set. As a result, multiple data sets are formed that include a different set of data points that are later used to train individual decision trees.
Random forest allows to improve overall model performance by reducing the correlation between trees within a random forest because it relies on using a random subset of features for each tree and this method is called “random subspace”.
One of the drawbacks of a random forest is the higher computational cost of training and predictions as the number of trees in a forest increases
In addition to its lower interpretability compared to a single decision tree, it is superior to a single decision tree by being less prone to overfitting and having a higher ability to handle high-dimensional datasets.
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6. Naive Bayes
Naive Bayes is a probability algorithm based on Bayes’ theory with the assumption of independence between features. Despite its simplicity, Naive Bayes performs well in many real-world applications, such as spam filtering, sentiment analysis, and document classification.
Based on Bayes’ theorem, the probability of a particular class is calculated according to the values of the input features
There are different types of probability distributions when implementing the Naive Bayes algorithm, depending on the type of data
Among them:
Gaussian: for continuous data
Multinomial: for discrete data
Bernoulli: for binary data
Turning to the advantages of using this algorithm, we can say that it enjoys its simplicity and quality in terms of its need for less training data compared to other algorithms, and it is also characterized by the ability to deal with missing data.
But if we want to talk about the negatives, we will collide with their dependence on the assumption of independence between features, which often contradicts real-world data.
In addition, it is negatively affected by the presence of features different from the data set, so the level of performance decreases and the required efficiency decreases with it
7. KNN
KNN is a non-parametric algorithm that classifies new data points based on their proximity to the seeded examples on the training set. It is widely used in pattern recognition and recommendation systems
KNN can handle classification and regression tasks.
That is, it relies on assigning similarity to similar data points
After choosing the k value, the value closest to the prediction, the data is sorted into training and test sets to make a prediction for a new input by calculating the distance between the entry and each data point in the training set, then choosing the k nearest data points to set the prediction later using the closest set of data points
8. K-means
The working principle of this algorithm is based on the random selection of k centroids
So that k represents the number of clusters we want to create and then each data point is mapped to the cluster that was closest to the central point
So it is an algorithm that relies on grouping similar data points together and it is based on distance so that distances are calculated to assign a point to a group
This algorithm is used in many market segmentation, image compression and many other widely used applications
The downside of this algorithm is that its assumptions for data sets often do not match the real world
9. Dimensional reduction algorithms
This algorithm aims to reduce the number of features in the data set while preserving the necessary information. This technique is called “Dimensional Reduction”.
Like many dimension reduction algorithms, this algorithm makes data visualization easy and simple.
As in Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
Distributed Random Neighborhood Modulation (t-SNE)
We will come to explain each one separately
* Principal Component Analysis (PCA): It is a linear pattern of dimension reduction. Principal components can be defined as a set of correlated variables that have been orthogonally transformed into uncorrelated linear variables. Its aim is to identify patterns in the data and reduce its dimensions while preserving the necessary information.
* Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA): is a supervised dimensionality reduction pattern used to obtain the most discriminating features of the sorting and classifying function
It is a well-proven nonlinear dimension reduction technique for visualizing high-dimensional data in order to obtain a low-dimensional representation that prevents loss of data structure.
The downside of the dimension reduction technique is that some necessary information may be lost during the dimension reduction process
It is also necessary to know the type of data and the task to be performed in order to choose the dimension reduction technique, so the process of determining the appropriate number of dimensions to keep may be somewhat difficult.
10. Gradient boosting algorithm and AdaBoosting algorithm
They are two algorithms used in classification and regression functions and they are widely used in machine learning
The working principle of these two algorithms is based on forming an effective model by collecting several weak models
Gradient enhancement:
It depends on building a pattern in a progressive manner according to multiple stages, starting from installing a simple model on the data (such as a decision tree, for example) and then correcting the errors made by the previous models by adding additional models. Thus, each added model obtains agreement with the negative gradient of the loss function in terms of the predictions of the previous model.
In this way, the final output of the model is the result of assembling the individual models
AdaBoost:
It is an acronym for Adaptive Boosting. This algorithm is similar to its predecessor in terms of its mechanism of action by relying on creating a pattern for the forward staging method and differs from the gradient boosting algorithm by focusing on improving the performance of weak models by adjusting the weights of the training data in each iteration, i.e. it depends on the wrong training models according to the previous model. It then adjusts the weights for the erroneous models so that they have a higher probability of being selected in the next iteration until finally arriving at a model weighted for all individual models. These two algorithms are characterized by their ability to deal with wide types of numerical and categorical data, and they are also characterized by their strength in dealing with the extreme value and with data with missing values, so they are used in many practical applications
Structured Query Language (SQL) is the standard query language for relational databases. This language is simple and easy to understand, but moving to an advanced level in data analysis requires mastering the advanced techniques of this language.
And when we talk about the techniques that need to be learned to move to an advanced level, we are talking about a system of functions and features that allow you to perform complex tasks on data such as joining, aggregation, subqueries, window functions, and other functions that can deal with big data to obtain effective and accurate results.
Some vivid examples of using advanced SQL techniques
* Window functions
With this technique you can perform arithmetic operations across multiple rows related to the specified row
For example, if we have a table with the following columns:
order_id, customer_id, order_date and order_amount
It is required to calculate the current total sales for each individual customer sorted by order date
SUM can be used to perform this task
To calculate the current total for each individual customer, the SUM function must be applied to the order_amount column and divided by the customer_id column.
ORDER BY indicates that the rows are ordered according to the order dates in each section
Phrase:
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
Indicates that the calculation is within the window between the rows at the beginning of the section up to the current row
The result of the query will come in the form of a table consisting of the same columns as the orders table, in addition to a column called run_total, which indicates the current total sales for each customer, and as we mentioned, arranged according to the dates of orders
* Common Table Phrases (CTEs)
CTEs allow you to get a set of results that can be used in SQL statements at a later time
For example: We have a table, let’s call it the Employees table, composed of the following columns:
employee_id, employee_name, department_id and salary
What is required is to calculate the average salary for each department, then search for employees with a higher salary than the average salary of the department to which they belong.
CTE can be used to perform two queries, the first to calculate the average salary of each department and the second to search for employees with higher salaries than the average salary of the department
We note here that the task has been divided into two phases to facilitate the query
The first stage is the salary calculation for each department
The second stage is to find the employees whose salary is higher than the average salary of the department to which they belong
In the first query, CTE, called department_avg_salary, which is assigned to calculate the salary for each department, using the AVG function and the GROUP BY statement, which sorts the employees according to the department to which they belong.
As for the second query, CTE, called department_avg_salary, it is used as if it were a table, then it is joined to the employees table in the department_id column, and then the result is extracted by WHERE to finally get the employees with the highest salary from the average salary of the department they belong to.
* Aggregate functions
Aggregate functions can be defined briefly as functions whose task is to perform an arithmetic operation on a group of values to derive a result in the form of a single value, such as performing arithmetic operations in a table on several rows or columns in order to obtain a useful data summary.
In fact, the use of aggregate functions is a real advantage in the SQL language, as it makes queries in it more easy and accurate.
The functions SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and COUNT are the most used in SQL
To be clear: we have a sales table composed of the following columns
sale_id, product_id, sale_date, sale_amount, and region
It is required to calculate the total sales and the average sales for each product separately, and then determine the best-selling product in each region
This is done by following the following steps
We have to sort the sales by product and region, calculate the total and average sales, then discover the best-selling product in the region by using aggregate functions
In this example, we use three aggregate functions AVG, SUM, and RANK
We will explain the task of each of them separately
AVG function calculates the average value of the product and the region
SUM function calculates the total value of each product and region using the GROUP BY statement
RANK function finds and explores the best-selling product in each region
To specify sorting by region, the OVER clause takes over this task
And to specify the column to divide the data (area) we use the PARTITION BY statement
As for getting the descending order of the sum of the value of each product in each region specified by the ORDER BY statement
The result of the query on a column shell is:
product_id, region, total_sale_amount, avg_sale_amount, and rank
So that the ranking column indicates the classification of each product in each region according to the total value of sale, so that the best-selling product in each region ranks first.
The uses of aggregate functions vary according to the tasks assigned to them. For example, you can calculate records, calculate maximum values, and other tasks.
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* Pivot tables
They are tables that contain data extracted from large tables in order to analyze it easier, as it allows converting data from rows to columns to display the data in a more coordinated manner.
These tables are built using the PIVOT operator, whose task is to sort the data according to a specific column, and then show the results in the form of a formatted table.
To clarify
The PIVOT operator in the previous image is used to define the data axis by product_id plus columns per product and rows per customer
The SUM function calculates the total quantity of each product required by each customer
The p subquery extracts the necessary columns from the orders table
Then the PIVOT is run on the subquery in conjunction with the SUM function to find out the total quantity of each product ordered by each customer
The FOR statement is tasked with specifying the pivot column product_id in our example
The IN statement specifies target values ( [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] )
The pivot table appears as a result of a query for the total quantity ordered by each customer in the form of columns for each product and rows for each customer
* Subqueries
They are nested queries whose task is to retrieve data from one or more tables, and its results are used in the main query, and its function can be to sort and group data into one row or group of rows.
Subqueries such as SELECT, FROM, WHERE, HAVING are used within brackets in various places of the SQL statement.
To be clear: we have two tables
The first table is the employees table consisting of the following columns
employee_id, first_name, last_name, department_id
The second table is the payroll table and consists of the following columns
employee_id, salary, salary_date
It is required to know the highest paid employees in each department
We can find the highest salary in each department using a subquery and then join the result to the Employees and Salaries tables to extract the names of the employees who earn that salary
After executing the subquery as a first step, a result set representing the highest salary in each department is returned, then the employee and salary tables are linked to the result of the subquery by means of the main query to extract the names of the highest paid employees in each department.
To demonstrate this join process, an INNER JOIN statement is used to join the Employee and Salary tables, using the employee_id column as the join key.
The subquery is joined to the main query using the department_id column
The salary column is then used to match the highest salary in each department
The result appears in the form of a table containing the names of the highest paid employees in each department along with the department ID and salary
* Cross Joins
Cross Joins are a type of join operation that returns the Cartesian product of two or more tables without using a join condition, but by combining rows from one table with rows from another table separately, then the result is a table consisting of the available combinations of rows from both tables
This operation is useful in certain circumstances, such as performing a calculation that requires all available value combinations from a set of tables, or generating test data, for example
For clarity we have two tables
The first table is the customers table and it consists of columns
customer_id, customer_name, and city
The second table is the orders table and it consists of columns
order_id, customer_id, and order_date
The requirement is to know the total number of orders for each customer in each city
This is done by creating a result set that includes each customer with each city and then joining the result to the orders table to extract the number of requests for each group
The previous image shows that a result set has been created that includes each customer with each city, and thus the query is Use cross join to return the result set that contains a group that includes the customer and the city
The main query then joins the result of the cross-join with the orders table
Important Notes :
Here left join should be used to keep clients visible in the result even if they did not place any order
In order to ensure that the result of the number of requests for each customer appears in his city, the WHERE clause is used to sort the results and get the rows that match the city in which the customer resides in the cross join
To group the result according to the customer’s ID, name, and city, we use the GROUP BY statement
To calculate the number of orders per customer in each city, we use the COUNT() function.
The result is finally shown in the form of a table containing the total number of orders for each customer in each city
* temporary tables
These tables are relied upon to store the intermediate results in memory or on disk and use them at the end of the work and then get rid of them automatically
Or this type of table is used to divide large and complex queries into smaller parts to make it easier to process
The CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE statement is used to create temporary tables
The SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE commands are used to process these tables as if they were regular tables in order to reduce the amount of large and complex data to facilitate processing.
For clarity, we have a sales table consisting of the following columns
date, product, category, sales_amount
It is required to create a report showing the total sales for each category for each month over the past year
We can address this issue through the following actions
The first goal is to obtain the total sales for each category. This is done by creating a temporary table that includes a summary of sales data for each month, and then linking it to the sales table.
This is done by following these steps
Create the temporary table using the CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE statement
A temporary table named Monthly_sales_summary is created with three columns:
month, category, and total_sales
The month column is of type DATE
category column of type VARCHAR (50)
total_sales column of type DECIMAL(10,2)
Using the INSERT INTO statement, we populate the temporary table with the shortened data
To separate the date column into the month level and group the sales data by month and category, we used the DATE_TRUNC function
Then we enter the result of this query into the month_sales_summary table, which now contains a summary of sales data for each month separately.
To get the total sales for each category we can join the temporary table with the sales table
The Sales table is joined with the Monthly_sales_summary table in the columns designated for category and month
From the temporary table, the month, category, and total_sales columns can be selected
To get the required result, which is last year’s sales data, we use the WHERE phrase
To sort the result by category and month we use the ORDER BY statement
The result of the query appears in the form of a table containing the total sales for each category for each month of the previous year
* Materialized Views
The task of these insights is to improve the performance of frequently executed queries, which are various results that are previously stored in the form of actual tables and are called to the original tables without the need to perform operations in them
This process is used to improve the performance of complex queries through data storage and business intelligence applications, which contributes to shortening the time for preparing reports and raising the efficiency of dashboards
The image above shows that an actual offer named Monthly_sales_summary has been created
This presentation contains a summary of sales data for each category for each month
We use the SELECT statement to store the result in the actual view
Actual views are automatically updated when the underlying data changes although they are similar to tables stored on disk, and can also be updated manually using the
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
You can query the actual view once it is created just like any other table
In the above image the category, month and total sales columns are selected from the actual view month_sales_summary and it sorts the result by category and month
As we mentioned earlier, with the actual view method, you can shorten a lot of the time it takes to run the query, as this method allows you to use pre-calculation and storage of summary data.
In conclusion:
Remember, my reader friend, that keeping abreast of developments and keeping pace with the accelerating technology is very important, and your knowledge of all new technologies and skills makes things easier for you and even increases your scientific level, whether in the field of programming and data analysis or in any other scientific field.
I hope that you have gained a great deal of interest, and please share this information and support the blog so that we can continue to provide everything new, and we are pleased to see your opinions on the comments, thank you.
SQL is a powerful programming language dedicated to data in relational databases. It is a language that has existed for decades and is relied upon by many large companies around the world. Data analysts use it to access, read, process and analyze data saved in the database to form a comprehensive view that helps make the right decisions.
We will discuss in detail the mechanism and stages of working on this tool in terms of its query capabilities with databases, while mentioning the types of data analysis.
data analysis
All companies of all sizes and specializations seek advancement and growth, so their primary goal in this approach is to satisfy customers and provide them with the best services. By expanding the customer base, the company grows and thrives, and therefore most companies intend to examine, purify, transform and model data to extract valuable information that helps in making critical decisions, this process It’s called data analysis
Types of data analysis
This classification is done according to the types of data and terms of reference for the analysis process
Descriptive analysis:
It is the main analysis on which the rest of the types of analyzes are based, and it is the simplest, so it is the most used for data in all commercial activities at the present time. This analysis allows extracting trends between the raw data and giving a view of the events in their time. Here, the initial answer to โwhat happenedโ appears by summarizing the previous data, and it is usually represented in the form of a dashboard
Diagnostic analysis:
It is the step that immediately follows the previous step, which is to delve deeper into the previous question, โWhat happened?โ This step is embodied in asking another question, which is โWhy did it happen?โ Diagnostic analysis, then, is the one that completes the work of the descriptive analysis by taking the initial readings resulting from the descriptive analysis and deepening them to interpret and analyze them in order to reach more correlations between the data, so that features of behavior patterns begin to form for us, and from the learned aspects also is that if problems arise during work, then you are Now you have enough data related to this problem, so the solution becomes easier, and thus this saves you from having to re-work
Predictive analytics:
It is complementary to the work of the two previous analyses, and from its name it seems that it makes probabilities and predictions about the events that will come later based on previous predictions in addition to the current variables. Thus, this analysis represents the answer to the third question, which is “what might happen in the future”?
This type of analysis helps companies make more accurate and effective decisions
Mandatory Analysis:
It is the final limit of data analysis capabilities, as it is not satisfied with forecasting or forecasting, but rather proposes options to benefit from the results of previous analyzes, and determines the steps that must be implemented in the event of a potential problem or forming a plan to develop work. This is done by using advanced techniques such as machine learning algorithms. Especially when dealing with huge amounts of data
So this analysis is the answer to the question “what should we do next”? Which defines the general approach to the company’s business plan
What are the advantages of SQL when used in data analysis?
* Easy and uncomplicated language
* Speed in query processing
* Ability to call up big data from different databases
* Providing various documents to analysts
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Explain the use of SQL in data analysis
Temporary tables
Temporary tables in SQL are defined as tables that are created to perform a temporary task and persist for a specific period of time or during a session by storing and processing intermediate results using the same join, select, and update techniques.
Assembly as per requirement
For example, this phrase is used to count the number of employees in each department or to obtain the salaries of the department in total, so it is used to extract summary data based on different groups, whether on one or more columns
aggregation functions
Its task is to perform an arithmetic operation on a set of values to extract a single value
String functions and operations
The task of SQL string operators is to perform matching on the form, sequence, capitalize the string, and other matching functions
Date and time operations
Some of the services offered by SQL are many types of date and time tasks such as
SYSUTCDATETIME()
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
GETDATE()
DAY()
MONTH()
YEAR()
DATEFROMPARTS()
DATETIME2FROMPARTS()
TIMEFROMPARTS()
DATEDIFF()
DATEADD()
ISDATE()
etc. It is used to implement date and time entries
Display and indexing methods
The database is the main repository for the index, so indexing the view helps speed up work and improve the performance of queries and applications that use it
Join:
This statement is used to combine different tables in databases using a primary key and a foreign key
The following explains the different types of JOINs in SQL with an example of data in left and right tables
(INNER) JOIN: Returns records that contain identical values in both tables
LEFT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the left table and matching records from the right table
RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN : Returns all records from the right table and matching records from the left table
FULL (OUTER) JOIN : Returns all records when there is a match in the left or right table
windows functionality
They are intended to work within an array of rows to extract one value per row from the underlying query so they simplify queries as much as possible
nested queries
It is a query inside another query, and the result of the inner query is used by the outer query
Data analysis tools:
SQL: The standard programming language for performing programming used to communicate with relational databases, and it also has a major role in retrieving the required information.
Python: a versatile programming language, which is very popular in the field of technology and programming, and no data analyst can do without it. It relies on the principle of its work on readability, so it is not classified within complex programming languages. different analysis
R: Its tasks and features are not much different from Python, except that it is specialized in performing statistical analysis of data
Microsoft Excel: The most famous program in the world in the field of spreadsheets. It has many different features, ranging from scheduling, performing calculations, and typical graphing functions for data analysis.
Tableau: It is intended for creating visualizations and interactive dashboards without the need for high coding expertise, so it is the perfect tool for commercial data analysis
In conclusion
We put in your hands, dear reader, everything related to the SQL language
If you see that there is information that we did not mention regarding this programming language, share it with us in the comments to exchange information and benefit everyone, Thank you.
Although the job market in data science requires skill and experience, lack of experience or even a lack of it does not prevent you from getting a data science job. How is that done? This is what we will discuss in this article
It is noticeable in recent years the great interest in the development of data science of all kinds, such as big data generated by smart devices and the diversity of computer resources such as cloud computing. On the other hand, the development of algorithms has received a great deal of attention.
In addition, the diversity of the fields of the labor market in data science, which includes health, transportation, and industry sectors, in addition to academic, environmental, security, and other activities.
And with the diversity of areas that branch out from data science, such as data analysis, predictive analysis, machine learning, deep learning, data visualization, and other branches.
All these factors have led to an increased demand for data scientists, who have a variety of fields of employment, with a variety of available opportunities, including:
Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Predictive Analyst, Business Analyst, AI Writer, Data Visualizer, Data Engineer
So we are going to give you a set of tips that will help you get a job in data science
1. Learn key skills:
It is necessary to learn the basic principles of data science by following good-level online training courses, and it is preferable to obtain a degree in a university, and these skills include:
Problem Solving, Decision Making, Programming (Python or R), Statistics, Mathematics (Linear Algebra and Calculus), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Data Visualization, Report Writing
Mastering these skills will increase your chance of getting a job in data science
2. Learn about data science libraries:
The most famous of these libraries:
NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Scikit-Learn, Tensorflow, Keras
And other libraries that must be recognized
3. Stay up-to-date with developments and developments:
One may think that once he gets the job, he no longer needs to keep up with new developments and technologies in this field, but this view is wrong par excellence. Staying abreast of developments in data science increases the skills and experience of the learner because forgetting or interrupting learning is the first enemy of progress and distinction.
4. Specialization in a specific field:
Especially for those who do not have the comprehensive experience that qualifies them to get a job in data science. Therefore, expanding the mastery of a specific field in one of the sub-fields is considered an effective weapon in the hands of its bearer, as is the case in mastering machine learning or deep learning.
5. Self-training on practical experiences:
This advice is specifically directed at learning and developing machine learning algorithms. After the learning stage comes the stage of being able to write code that leads to algorithmic outputs that produce real data, and this will pave the way for you to be able to modify codes, produce new outputs, and make comparisons and analyzes.
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6. Take notes
Recording notes and all the experiences you have learned will help you to retrieve information when you need to refer to it, and with the passage of time it will form a blog that you can benefit from in the future so that you can build your own brand.
7. Follow online training courses
It is widely available on the Internet, but be sure to follow the reliable courses in terms of information led by trainers with scientific weight in this field
Start by learning the principles of data science, machine learning, deep learning, and other technologies
And I recommend courses offered by famous platforms such as Coursera, as they offer scientific degrees in cooperation with the best universities in the world, and it is not necessary to apply for paid courses in order for the novice learner to start developing his skills, as the free courses are sufficient for such cases
8. Support your CV with a professional certificate
In continuation of what was stated in the previous paragraph, you can obtain a certificate after you have followed a paid course. This certificate is considered an official document indicating your level of experience and skill.
9. Create a community of data scientists
It is one of the things that increase your chances of being accepted into a job in data science
The following platforms are fertile environments for building a community of data scientists
LinkedIn: A scientific community is built by creating and sharing data science posts on the platform
Medium: Through it, you can create a blog related to data science and build an information network
Kaggle: Through it, you can participate in data science competitions and build a network
10. Completion of projects in accordance with the requirements of the potential job
You must complete projects related to the field of work that you prefer to apply for in the potential job, for example, if you prefer to apply for a job in the field of data visualization, you must implement projects related to data visualization
11. Start your career at a low job level
As working at low job levels does not require you to have a lot of sufficient experience as a beginner in the job, and with the acquisition of more experience, you can search for a higher-level job, but the right start for the inexperienced starts from a mini-work environment
12. Build a distinguished resume
Building a distinguished CV reflects a positive impression on decision makers in employment matters, and thus will support your chances of getting a job.
And we can call the characteristic of excellence on the resume if it has the factors we mentioned in a previous article, you can view them by reading the article in detail from here How to write a killer resume and ace the interview
With the development of data analysis tools and software, users of Tableau visualizations can save time and effort by taking advantage of the integration between ChatGpt and Tableau, thus automating processing with more flexibility.
How is that done? This is what we will explain in our article today, let’s get started
As we mentioned, the process will be done using the ChatGPT application. What is the concept of this application?
We will not go into complex technical details that explain the mechanism of action of this application, as this is not our topic today, and we may devote a detailed explanation to it in the coming days, but what we are interested in explaining now is what serves the topic we are talking about, which is integration with Tableau functions
ChatGPT is a conversational bot based on artificial intelligence with its amazing capabilities in conducting conversations and interacting with questions and inquiries in a linguistic manner similar to the nature of human reaction and you can use it in a variety of functions and inquiries including data visualization which is the focus of our topic for this day
First we need to install the OpenAI API as a first step to start using ChatGBT and then authenticate our credentials using JavaScript and entering the following code:
Once this process is complete, we can use ChatGpt to create visualizations in Tableau
Why is ChatGPT integration important to Tableau functionality?
In short, the basic necessity of this integration process is that it allows answering the most difficult questions and inquiries in an easy way and in natural language, and through which we can Tableau visualize these answers
Also, through this integration process, we can create interactive dashboards that help users find solutions to their inquiries in a timely manner, and thus their ability to identify patterns in their data and outliers at high speed makes reaching sound decisions easier.
Now let’s learn how to integrate ChatGPT with Tableau
This is done by carrying out the following stages
Step 1: Connect Tableau to your data source
This is done by selecting the Connect button in the upper left corner of the Tableau interface and then selecting the data source
Step 2: Install and configure TabPy
TabPy is a Python package that allows us to use Python scripts in Tableau
First enter the following command
After completing the installation of TabPy, we proceed to configure it to work with Tableau, and this is done by running TabPy with the following command in the terminal
Step 3: Install and configure the ChatGPT API
The ChatGPT API is a REST interface
At this stage, we install and prepare the ChatGPT API, and to be able to interact with the ChatGPT pattern, we install the ChatGPT API, and this is done by entering the following command in the Terminal window
Then, we set up the authentication, and this is done by obtaining the API key through a subscription request in OpenAI, and then you go to set it up in Python by running the following command:
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Create integration between ChatGPT and Tableau (Python)
After successfully completing the previous steps, it remains to create the ChatGPT integration with Tableau
This is done by following these steps:
Step 1: Choose a Python function that calls the CHatGPT API
ChatGPT’s function here is to return the response from the queries entered into it
This is what the following example shows
Step 2: Use TabPy to register a Python function
This means registering a Python function with TabPy to be used in Tableau by running the following command in the Terminal window
This will create a TabPy configuration file, open it and add the following lines:
Save the file, and to start TabPy run the following command:
Step 3: Use the Python function in Tableau
To do this, we open a new workbook in Tableau and do the following:
1. We drag the “Text” object into the control panel
2. Click on the text and choose “Edit text” and in the dialog box type the following formula:
3. Then click OK and the text edit box will close
4. Drag the Parameter object onto the Control Panel
5. In the โCreate Parameterโ dialog box, set the data type to โStringโ and choose โallโ to the available values, and set the current value to โempty stringโ, then click OK.
6. On the Parameter object, right-click and select Show Parameter Control.
7. Type a query in “Input Text” and press Enter
8. It will display the reply from ChatGPT in a “text” object and then call ChatGPT and Tableau together
Merger may seem a tiring process at first, but doing it repeatedly, even on a small scale, will develop your skills and develop capabilities to process data in a flexible and fast manner, and help you to troubleshoot problems and address them more effectively than before.
Create visualizations:
Using ChatGpt:
The first thing we need to do is provide ChatGpt with the data to be visualized, and after it receives the data that we have given it to it via a group or by passing a table, it will create the visualization according to the requests assigned to it
See in this code inserted in JavaScript how we create a visualization
In the above code we use OpenAI API functions to generate a bar chart of sales by location
We enter this request into ChatGpt via the immediate variable, to create the visualization we use the client.completions.create function and at the end we can display the resulting visualization in Tableau which was previously stored in the message variable
customize the resulting perceptions
We can customize the resulting visualizations according to our requirements in terms of changing the visualization type, size and color style, and this is done by providing ChatGpt with additional parameters
We can do this by using the following code in JavaScript
And keep in mind that experimenting with different parameters is a powerful tool for creating engaging and innovative visuals
What we did in the previous code is we created a quarterly earnings line chart using blue
Then we entered our request into ChatGpt through the immediate variable
Then we selected the appropriate visualization style, so we have a line chart in blue color and size according to demand
Show the visuals in Tableau
And as a reminder.. All of the above stages and procedures are to create a visualization using ChatGpt
But you promised us in this article that we will show the visualization in Tableau
Well don’t worry we’re not done yet..let’s go
The first thing we have to do is copy the resulting visualization from the message variable and paste it into Tableau and this is done by implementing the following steps
โข Create a new worksheet in Tableau
โข Select “Text” from the “Marks” section.
โข Paste the visualization copied from the message variable into the text box and adjust the size of the text box to fit the visualization
โข Congratulations.. The visualization has finally appeared in Tableau
And at the end of our interview today, allow me to pre-empt things and gladly answer some questions that some of the readers are likely to have.
Question 1: Are there free versions of ChatGPT?
Answer: Yes, there are free versions, but although their uses are limited, they often suffice
Question 2: Can we integrate ChatGPT with visualization tools other than Tableau?
Answer: Yes, and this is done by following the same steps that we followed above
Question 3: Does ChatGPT give accurate answers?
Answer: Not only accurate answers, but very accurate in general, when the information is entered correctly
In the end, I hope that you have found valuable information in this article as a data analyst looking for permanent and continuous development in his work. A successful person, my friend, as you know, is the person who accomplishes his work accurately and as quickly as possible.
If you find the benefit, please share with friends and support us, and quickly join wonderful partners by following the blog. We are honored to have you with us.. Welcome.
Data engineering in our current era enjoys a great deal of interest and unprecedented demand, as many believe that it will be the most important science in the near future and will occupy a prominent place within the family of all data sciences, and even beyond that, data engineering is considered the future of artificial intelligence.
This science derives its importance as it mainly represents the backbone of data, so to speak, and rather the data infrastructure on which data science in all its branches depends.
Therefore, due to the scarcity of data engineering projects, we put in your hands five projects that will help you build a strong business portfolio that raises your chances when applying for any job related to data science.
Before moving on to the list of projects, please share this information and follow the blog in support of us to continue providing everything that is useful, and we are pleased to see your opinions and experiences in the comments .. thanks
Let’s get to know the five projects:
1. Surfline Dashboard
What you will learn in this project You will collect data from Surfline API via pipeline and export CSV file to Amazon S3
The goal of this project is to have a nice dashboard showing the data and to that end it loads the latest file into S3 to eventually feed it into the Postgres data warehouse
The implementation of this project requires the creation, design, and management of a data pipeline that will extract data from Crinacle’s Headphone and InEarMonitor databases and finalize metabase dashboard data.
You will learn AWS S3, Redshift, RDS, data transformation tool dbt, streaming
The aim of this project is to provide users with real-time financial data through a solid foundation
You will deal with building and implementing a data architecture that will handle big data in real time and stream data pipelines based on FinnHub.io API which is WebSocket which is used for real time handling data.
You will learn, for example:
Apache Kafka, Spark, Cassandra, Kubernetes and Grafana
Through this project you will learn the main principles of Airflow and the skills of creating a data pipeline
In a big data environment, the concept of data pipeline is automatically associated with data engineering, and data engineering mastery is associated with mastery of data pipeline skills
5. Youtube data engineering project from start to finish
Frankly, this project carries a great benefit, so do not skimp on yourself by enriching your information and raising your scientific balance in data engineering, in addition to learning how to understand problems and address them, so you will implement a complete data engineering project, and the implementation will take you about three hours.
You will follow the trainer’s instructions step by step, highlighting the important points and necessary details
Simply change the way traditional data analysis and business intelligence development is handled by integrating ChatGPT into Power BI
It is also possible through this integration to obtain more effective reports related to making decisive and appropriate decisions
In order to get the desired benefit from using these features optimally, you must first develop your skills in Power BI, and this is done by integrating ChatGPT within your scope of work, and this is very simple, with a few clicks you can get results and find solutions more quickly and effectively
This is what we will explain in this article to get the required benefit from using this technology, which will also help you with DAX queries
Should we know why should we integrate ChatGPT into Bower BI?
The Power BI tool is one of the most important tools in data visualization and analysis, and this is what users of this tool feel in their dealings with data, but when dealing with large data sets, dealing with DAX queries becomes more difficult
But when ChatGPT is integrated into that system, it will become easier in terms of speed and accuracy in obtaining answers, and thus the pace of your work will increase and become more flexible, as ChatGPT contributes to the completion of many other tasks, such as finding glitches, working to restore them, calculating metrics, building complex calculations, and other tasks other
In going to how to integrate ChatGPT into Power BI we will call the API to interact with the ChatGPT API business functions and in conjunction with the use of the visual feature of Power BI
This is done by following these steps:
1. Subscribe to the OpenAI API key: You must first obtain an API key to access the ChatGPT API
5. Create a new custom visual project: using the Bower BI command line
6. Open Terminal or Command Prompt and run:
API call: In your new custom visual project, modify the src / visual.ts file to include the code necessary to make API calls to ChatGPT
To make HTTP requests you will need to use a library such as “axios” loaded by run
npm install axios
Then modify the src/visual.ts file by making the necessary imports as a ChatGPT API call
Call the API in the visual update function: by making modifications to the update task in the src/visual.ts file to call the ChatGPT API and show the results, eg using a text element to show the response from ChatGPT
Importing custom visuals after compiling them: You have to package the visuals by running the pbiviz package in the terminal, right after completing the code, and this will create a .pbiviz file in the dist folder.
Going to Power BI, import the custom visualizations by selecting the ellipsis (…) in “Visualizations” section and click on the option (Import from file) and select the generated file which is .pbiviz
Add visuals to a Power BI report by selecting it from the “Visualizations” section
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In the following example, we demonstrate how to query DAX by casting it to ChatGPT:
Now take a look at the DAX expression code from which you get the same result:
With Power BI integration, you’ll get instant answers that help speed up your workflow
This is what we will explain with examples of DAX queries that can be asked on ChatGPT:
Moreover, if you are caught by an error message, ChatGPT handles and fixes the bugs in the DAX expressions, and as we mentioned at the beginning of the article, one of the valuable tasks that ChatGPT helps you do is find and fix the bugs in the DAX expressions
ChatGPT helps save a lot of time and effort in dealing with huge data sets because you can use AI Chatbot visuals when creating complex DAX expressions instead of manually writing each calculation
My professional friends, this benefit is dedicated to you.. You deserve it
Now we’ll go over a very important topic of how to integrate ChatGPT with Power BI using Python
This is done by implementing the following steps:
Enable Python in Power BI Desktop
This is done by following these steps:
1. Install Python on your computer. If you do not have a copy of Python on your computer, you can get it from the official website: https://www.python.org/downloads/
2. Then you have to install the Python Compatibility feature in Power BI Desktop
3. Go to Power BI Desktop and follow the following path:
File -> Options and settings -> Options -> Python scripting
Then choose check for โPython scriptingโ box then choose โOKโ
With this, you have achieved compatibility for Python scripting in Power BI Desktop
4. After completing the previous step, you will have to set the Python path in Power BI Desktop
5. Perform the following steps:
File -> Options and settings -> Options -> Python scripting
Click โDetectโ to automatically detect the Python installation path instead of choosing it manually
6. After executing the previous step, restart Power BI Desktop for the new changes to take effect
Now you have to install the following Python libraries:
Openai is the library that provides access to the ChatGPT model
Pandas is the library that creates and manipulates dataframes
Pyodbc is the library that secures the connection to a Power BI data source
You can install these libraries using pip by running the following command in terminal:
We are now at the stage of validating and setting up the OpenAI API
โข Create an OpenAI account and own an API key
โข Install the OpenAI Python library
โข Set OPENAI_API_KEY to your API key
โข By running the following Python code, you can authenticate and configure the OpenAI API
Define a task that queries the ChatGPT model and returns the response:
The query_chatgpt function takes a directive as input, sends it to the ChatGPT form, and then returns the response
Connect to a Power BI data source using pyodbc:
โข Write a Power Query function that calls the query_chatgpt function, which returns the response in tabular form
โข Deploy your Python script as a data farm in Power BI
โข Go to Power BI Desktop and select the “Home” tab
โข Click on ‘Transform Data’ and choose:
New Source -> Python Script
Go to Python script and click OK then Close & Apply
Use the ChatGPT data source in your own Power BI report
โข Go to the Report tab
โข Click on Get Data, then More
โข Select the data source “Python Script” and click Connect
โข Enter the subject to be sent to the ChatGPT form
โข Finally, the response will appear as a table in the Power BI report Finally, be sure to enter the actual values for your environment rather than the elements in the code
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ChatGPT + Power BIุงูุฐูุงุก ุงูุงุตุทูุงุนู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
The Learning Basics program is based on an important axis, which is learning a programming language, which is the cornerstone of learning data science, and the Python language is the most appropriate option at the beginning. Here, I do not intend to neglect the importance of other programming languages, each of which has its own function and importance, so some may not agree with me in the opinion, it may be For them, the best option is SQL, and those who need to use data visualization may consider it necessary to learn the R language, but what everyone agrees on is that all programming languages and with their different functions often complement each other.
In general, at the beginning of the learning journey, I do not recommend that you distract your thoughts by learning more than one language, so that boredom or frustration does not creep into you at a time when you are most in need of focus and desire to learn.
2. Let those around you know that you are studying data science.
During your journey in learning data science, you are in dire need of support and encouragement. Informing those around you that you are studying data science may make many take the initiative to provide assistance and support, especially those who are willing to learn this type of science from your peers.
Knowing everyone about your studies may open up horizons of learning for you that contribute greatly to raising the level of your expertise and skills so that you have a high scientific balance that you would not have reached during your learning on your own.
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3. Market yourself as a data scientist.
When you reach the level of a good data scientist, you will find employment opportunities open to you, so when you apply for a job in data science, you must clearly define your goal, and you should employ everything you have learned to show your skills and experience. The correct handling of problems and solutions that usually confront the data scientist during his career, present everything you have, present your projects and discuss them, impress them with your confidence in yourself, your information and your expertise, then you will be the focus of their attention and you will gain their admiration and increase your chances of success and acceptance
From my point of view, these were the most important factors that help build a data scientist who does not have a degree in data, and there is no doubt that you share my opinion that there are other factors that contribute to the refinement of expertise and skills. Let’s get to know some other factors that you see achieve this and discuss them together I wish you luck and success
According to statistics conducted by websites on the Internet, thousands of masterโs degrees related to data science and artificial intelligence are offered all over the world, and we often see promotional advertisements used by universities about the importance of data science and the necessity of obtaining these certificates
In this article, we will try to highlight the things that must be taken into consideration before obtaining a master’s degree in data science
What is your goal of obtaining a master’s degree?
In other words, what advantages will you get with a master’s degree in data science?
The motives differ from one person to another regarding the pursuit of a master’s degree, but if we take a comprehensive look at the desire of the large group and the majority of students, we see that the goal is summed up in several points:
Discipline and responsibility: Often, a personโs self-learning journey is undisciplined and lacks coordination and organization, so the way you study to obtain a masterโs degree will draw a specific and organized educational path for you, and thus it will give you a measure of organization and responsibility.
Effective rapid learning: Your desire to obtain a master’s degree will develop your motivation to learn and acquire more experiences and skills that you may not be able to obtain during your normal learning journey.
Functional competence: To be a data scientist with high efficiency and sufficient experience, then you have great opportunities to get a good job in data science if you were not employed before, but if you were employed, the prospects are open to you to get a job promotion that provides you with many capabilities that are commensurate with your level. Scientific and raise your status
Scientific curiosity: No matter how much experience and knowledge you have in artificial intelligence, you must be certain that there are topics and skills that you must discover, do not let your interests stop at a certain limit, you still have a lot to learn
In view of these motives, it may come to mind that it is imperative for every data scientist to seek to obtain this scientific degree, and this is wrong thinking in fact, or at least the subject is not in this way of inevitable necessity, but rather it is in the end an advanced scientific degree that undoubtedly qualifies its bearer Because he has preference in the field of data science, especially artificial intelligence, but this does not mean that someone who does not hold a master’s degree in data science is not qualified to be successful and expert, not necessarily, because every hardworking person has a share of success
Is a master’s degree enough to achieve your goals as a data scientist?
In order for us to be able to answer this question accurately, we must understand a very important matter. Whatever the level of your academic degrees and in any field, whether a masterโs degree, a doctorate, or other scientific degrees, we cannot in any way neglect the factor of experience, without experience and personal skill in dealing with any A specific field, scientific degrees alone cannot make the holder reach advanced stages within his field and specialization, because experience is evidence of good dealing and behavior, especially in some difficult situations and problems that one encounters during his scientific and practical career. Some situations require prior experience in dealing with this type of problem that was not I have been included in the masterโs degree studies, and these experiences are not acquired overnight, but are formed as a result of a group of experiences that varied between finding solutions, good behavior, and learning from mistakes and benefiting from them. It is known that he who does not make mistakes does not learn. Experience sometimes comes after a decisive decision or a bold step. The expert has a treasure in his hands that the holders of higher degrees may not possess sometimes, as he is able to seize the weakest opportunity and turn it into a strong and successful project.
With all of the above, we conclude that obtaining a master’s degree is a good thing and becomes a strength factor if it is supported by sufficient experience. These two elements, if available together, undoubtedly constitute a data scientist with a high level of competence and skill.
Does time help achieve goals enough?
The time factor is considered one of the main factors that contribute to achieving the desired goal. There is no doubt that studying in complete writing helps in obtaining the largest possible amount of information at an appropriate speed. It is directly related to data science as papers related to the social sciences of the Internet and the design of questionnaires, so a master’s degree student in data science is not restricted to an optimal investment of time, so what is consumed less time in regular studies in general does not lead you to a scientific degree that a master’s degree gives you
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Is there an alternative to a master’s degree?
Through what we have reached in this research, we have a question that arises: Is it possible to say that someone who does not have a master’s degree is considered unqualified to be a capable and professional data scientist and does not have opportunities like those possessed by a master’s degree?
In fact, this statement is not absolute, despite the prevailing custom that holders of a masterโs degree are preferred over those who do not hold a masterโs degree, and holders of a doctorate are preferred over holders of masterโs degrees, and so on.
Of course, obtaining more certificates requires more years of study, perhaps up to 7 years, and then comes the shocking fact that 3 years of experience, especially with regard to the file for applying for a job in artificial intelligence, may outperform all of the long years of study mentioned.
In order not to confuse matters with each other and make the reader feel a bit of hesitation in the information presented, it can be said that the holder of a PhD remains the focus of attention of potential employers, because, in my opinion, he would not have reached what he has reached if he did not have the necessary experience that would lead him to this scientific degree.
Does the financial return of the master’s degree holder compensate for what he spent on the learning journey?
There are many people who obtained a master’s degree who were shocked that the job salary did not meet their aspirations and therefore fell into the trap of the misconception that the money they spent when studying a master’s degree cannot be compensated through job ranks, even in the short term, at least
In this case, the solution is preventive, not curative, and this is done in a wise manner during the study process. Instead of random spending on full-time study, it is possible to study part-time while preserving the job and thus the salary, which is the first thing that falls within the scope of good management in spending. Scholarships that contribute significantly to covering a good portion of the tuition fees
Make sure to get a good source of information in learning:
The name of the university or educational unit, no matter how well-known, does not necessarily indicate that it is a good source of information, but what determines the quality of these educational centers is the extent to which students interact with the course and the results of graduates. All you have to do is search for opinions and official statistics on any course issued by any An educational unit that offers this type of studies, thus increasing your chances of finding a leading educational unit that will provide you with a sound and good study
Are these courses compatible with your scientific level?
As a continuation of the previous paragraph and in the midst of talking about the good selection of appropriate courses, it should be noted that it is necessary to know whether these courses are appropriate in their content and style to your scientific level, as the course may present topics for beginners that others who are more experienced see as very simple
And this is what actually happened when one of the major universities included the gathering of academic groups at the beginning of its training program, which it started with an intensive course in programming, which made this course for some a boring matter and a waste of time.
Do not forget, after making sure that you follow courses that suit your academic level, to investigate whether these courses provide graduates with job opportunities based on what was studied in the course. The job is online, full time or part time
Is studying data science the best option for you?
Being content with what one undertakes, whether it is study or work, is an important factor in the success of this project. No person can be creative in any field unless he is completely convinced of what he is doing.
There are many people for whom the option of studying a master’s degree is an opportunity to postpone decisions related to what he should do in their lives, but in fact, in this case, the subject of a valuable study like this turns into a great waste of time. Practical experience that expands your skills and knowledge in the field of data science and artificial intelligence
Data science is a multi-disciplinary science with many branches and ramifications, all of which are of value and open up wide horizons of knowledge and experiences for its students that reach its owner to what he aspires to and make his goals within sight and reaching them is only a matter of time.
In the end, dear reader: We hope that you have obtained the benefit and enjoyment in this article, and do not forget to share your opinion with us in the aforementioned, with our wishes for success and success for you.
Machine learning is the science of the times, as the demand for its learning is increasing rapidly and significantly
In this article, we will shed light on the best way to learn machine learning skills so that the learner can invest them in the future in developing scientific research worldwide.
Therefore, we must first mention the concept of machine learning in a nutshell
Machine learning is a set of information that is fed into a computer in order to develop and grow over time by developing statistical models and algorithms on which computer systems operate without resorting to specific orders.
Machine learning map:
The first stage: learning the programming language
In this case, it is preferable to learn Python, as it is the most powerful and popular, due to the libraries it contains such as Pandas, Numpy, and Scikit, which are specialized in machine learning, statistics, and mathematics.
The second stage: learning linear algebra
Linear learning is one of the branches of mathematics, but it tends to deal with linear transformations and is also concerned with dealing with matrices and vectors.
Learning linear algebra is a crucial step forward in the journey of studying machine learning
The third stage: learning the basic libraries of Python
While there are other libraries for Python, these three libraries are considered the most efficient to serve their application to machine learning techniques.
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The fourth stage: learning machine learning algorithms
As an applicant for an interview in data science and related sciences, you may notice that the success rates seem low compared to the number of applicants. You may notice that the level of questions becomes more difficult in the advanced stages of the interview, especially when questions related to machine learning are asked. In fact, the questions may seem difficult at first. The first is often the failure to answer as a result of confusion, which usually leads to the failure of the applicant.
Anyone who can avoid falling into this trap can benefit from his previous stumbling blocks and turn them into strengths that will help him overcome this interview with ease because he has become fully aware of the level and method of asking difficult questions.
Of course, not all applicants will wait until they fail to become aware of the level of questions and answer them in another interview. Here we exclude a small group of applicants who are fully prepared for any kind of questions. For them, machine learning is a specialty and they deal with it professionally, making them able to face the questions that constitute For others, it is a bump that is difficult to overcome, so in this article, for example, we will address, for example, the five most difficult questions that are classified as difficult in interviews related to machine learning. Understanding these questions that form the basic concepts in machine learning will undoubtedly make the applicant in a position of strength when he is tested with them.
Question 1: What is the difference between XGBoost and Gradient Boosting?
The obvious answer to this question may seem to you that XGBoost is the most suitable application for dealing with Gradient Descent, and this answer is not wrong, but the questioner is trying to extract the skills of the applicant through an answer that indicates that the respondent is a professional data scientist
So the expected answer will be as follows:
XGBoost has a requirement to get the job done
XGBoost has a built-in technology for handling null values by a mechanism called sparsity awareness
Uses gradients that are based on similarity scores
It has a great role in speeding up the calculations
Parallelism to find (variable – threshold) groups on huge data sets using weighted quantitative sketch technique
Question 2: What are the best uses for regression evaluation scales?
the answer :
Evaluation criteria used in regression:
R2 is very common in detecting the presence of regression, as it explains by the percentage of variance in the function that is explained by the independent variables
MSE loss function
RMSE Root mean square variance
MAPE is the average percentage of absolute error, which is the most appropriate measure for the commercial activity, as its work is based on giving a percentage of error in the average prediction values
How do you use the most appropriate option for each of: MSE and RMSE?
Use the RMSE which is the same scale as the actual scale
Use MSE on the squared scale
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Question 3: How can overfitting be controlled using cross-validation?
the answer :
It is important to know that cross-validation enables you to identify redundant composition without the possibility of controlling it
In order to be able to control it, we must do the following:
Selection and engineering of features
If the algorithm is linear, outliers must be processed
Parameter setting
Early stop
Organization
Try to get as much data as possible
Question 4: What are precision and recall?
Let’s say that out of 18 expected fraud incidents, 12 were classified as true, and in this context, 80% of all fraud incidents were found. Precision and recall
Answer: Let’s create the following matrix:
Precision = TP/(TP + FP) = 12/18 = 0.66
Recall = TP/(TP + FN) = 12/15 = 0.8
If your information is superficial on this subject, you will feel confused
On the contrary, if you are well versed, you will find that the answer is already in the question
Recall: What percentage of the actual 1s were correctly predicted = 80% = 0.8
Precision: How accurate were the predictions? Out of 18 predictions, 12 were correct, so 12/18 = 0.66.
It is noted here that TN is not a question and is not even required for both Recall and Precision
Question 5: What are the differences between Bagging and Boosting?
Bagging:
Creating a large number of decision trees that enable the final prediction to be obtained
Possibility to create decision trees on the dependent actual value
Possible poor results on random datasets
Boosting:
The dependence of the following tree on the prediction residuals on the last decision tree is the sequence of the beginners
Create trees on the tailings
Work well on random data set as it focuses on misclassified samples
Based on your knowledge of the previous points, you can choose between the two jobs
The Excel program is one of the programs that has features and characteristics that help the user to analyze data easily, and due to the multiple formulas and functions it provides that are capable of carrying out a set of operations, from which we will discuss in our article these functions of calculations, character and date text tasks, and a set of other research tasks
1. CONCATENATE
This formula is considered one of the most effective formulas in analyzing data, despite its ease and simplicity of working with it. Its task is to use dates, texts, numbers, and different data present in several cells and merge them into one cell.
SYNTAX = CONCATENATE (text1, text2, [text3], โฆ)
Concatenate multiple cell values
The simple CONCATENATE formula for the values of two cells A2 and B2 is as follows:
= CONCATENATE (A2, B2)
The values will be combined without using any delimiter, and to separate the values with a space we use โ โ
=CONCATENATE(A3, โ โ, B3)
Connect a string of texts and the computed value
You can also bind a string and a computed value to the formula as in the example of restoring the current date
=CONCATENATE(โToday is โ, TEXT(TODAY(), โdd-mmm-yyโ))
You can verify that the results provided by the CONCATENATE function are correct by doing the following:
In all cases, the result of the CONCATENATE function is a text string, even if all the source values are numbers
Make sure there is a text argument in the CONCATENATE function to ensure that it works
You have to pay close attention to the validity of the text argument in order for the CONCATENATE function to work correctly, otherwise the formula will return the error #VALUE! This is because the arguments are not valid
2.Len()
This function is used to know the number of characters in one cell, or when dealing with text that contains a limited number of characters, or to know the difference between the numbers of a group of products
SYNTAX = LEN (text)
3.Days()
This function is used to calculate the number of days between two dates
SYNTAX = DAYS (end_date, start_date)
4.Networkdays
It is considered to be a function of date and time in Excel and is often used by finance and accounting departments to exclude the number of weekends to determine the wages of employees based on the calculation of actual working days for them or the calculation of the total number of working days for a specific project
It is one of the most common formulas in Excel and is considered one of the most important functions for data analysts =SUMIFS. =SUM, especially for conducting data collection under sample conditions
It is an important tool in data analysis and it is similar to SUMIFS. In most functions it counts the number of values that satisfy certain conditions but it doesn’t need a summation range
SYNTAX = COUNTIFS (range, criteria)
8.Count()
Its job is to determine whether a cell is empty or not by discovering gaps in the data set without you, as a data analyst, having to restructure it.
SYNTAX = COUNTA (value1, [value2], …)
9. Vlookup()
This shortcut stands for Vertically searching for a value in the leftmost column of the table so that you can return a value in the same row of the column you specify
We will explain the arguments to the VLOOKUP function
– lookup_value : is the value to look up in the first column of the table
table – : indicates the table from which the value is to be retrieved
-col_index: returns the column in the table from the value
range_lookup – :
Optional: TRUE = approximate match
Default: FALSE = exact match
The following table will explain the use of VLOOKUP
Cell A11 contains the lookup value
A2:E7 is the table array
3 is the column index with the information for the sections
0 is the search for the range
If you press the Enter key, it will return “Marketing”, which indicates that Stuart works in the marketing department
10. Lookup()
In it, “horizontal” is represented by the letter H, and it searches for one or more values in the top row of the table, then it retrieves a value from a row you specify in the table or row from the same column if this tool makes things easier, for example when the values you use are in the rows The first one from the spreadsheet and you need to look at a certain number of rows, this tool will do the trick
table โ the table from which you need to retrieve data
ROW_INDEX which is the row number to restore the data
Range_lookup for exact and approximate matching, and that is determined by specifying the validity of the default value, so the match is approximate
In our next example, we’ll search for the city Jenson is from using Hlookup.
The search value shown in H23 is Jenson
G1: M5 is the table array
4 is the row index number
0 is for an approximate match
Pressing enter will take you back to New York.
at the end
We conclude from the above how effective Excel is in analyzing data. By learning its formulas and functions, you can make work easier for you and thus save a lot of time and effort.
Did you know that you can create your own company online from nothing in a record time!
Yes, my friend, this is possible by artificial intelligence and using ChatgPT and free tools.
This depends on creating a website and developing a suitable strategy for work and I am not talking here about creating an electronic blog or store, but according to what we will explain in this article.
The basic idea of this project is based on providing something useful to people, and here you do not need to create content or write articles, but rather mainly on the real data.
So you have to think and search for the things that a large group of users is looking for and receives their interest and accordingly you can create a database that is based on your work within the framework of your work and your interests, such as if your field of work in digital marketing, for example, is here you need to form ideas on providing things related to With digital marketing and most of most workers in this field is to organize e -mail content during marketing campaigns, you can now provide assistance to them by building Boostctr.io
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It is an easy -to -use location that contains tested topics with some information and how to build this position, starting with the beginning of you obtaining the symbol for the front and backgrounds and paste it into Visual Studio Code.
And the creation of the site is very simple, as you can use HTML, CSS and JavaScript for the frontend and use ASP.NET CORE API and the Lite DB database for the Backend,
you can simply add a link or copy of an advertisement or a server for your ads or sell advertisements
We come to the optimal investment stage of this site
The idea of the best investment lies by making people get to know the site and explore its content in order to attract more possible visitors and sell advertising spaces, as well as benefit from the sale of topics, content and e -mail marketing tools, and you can add a distinct membership through which the members can access the full database or Get more daily records.
Do you think this idea is more feasible than creating an electronic store, or does its simplicity make it a commercial activity on the Internet the lowest level of stores.
Share your opinion and indicate us with an idea that can be added as a valuable content of this type of site, we are waiting for your opinion on the comments.
We will learn about the roadmap for those coming to data analysis for the year 2023, supported by links to tools, tutorials, and online courses.
The primary function of data analysts within any company is to fully study customer data in order to provide the best service to them and to conduct statistics that enable service providers to know the most appropriate behavior for the customer.
Data Analyst Roadmap for 2023
Learning programming is the first step to embarking on the data analysis journey, and knowledge of computer science, especially databases and SQL, also helps in this. In the midst of our conversation, we will mention the resources necessary to make you a data analyst.
This map is your guide to learning the skills of a successful data analyst for the year 2023. It includes the basic steps for the stages of learning in a simplified and understandable manner. If you see that there are other tools added to this map, we are pleased to interact with you and mention them in the comments. Your opinion is important to us.
Now we will discuss the important resources mentioned in this map:
1. Learn Python
There is no doubt that learning the Python language is the ideal start to the journey of learning data analysis. Learning the codes of this programming language is an essential pillar of data analysis jobs. There is complete compatibility between data analysis and visualization packages and the Python language, in addition to the existence of a wide environment of users of this language. It helps you find solutions to professional problems that you may encounter, and this also enhances the presence of a large number of online Python courses, and here we recommend specializing in Python from Coursera, through which you can use Python at an intermediate level within three months at most
Coursera offers a very useful educational course for beginners in the Python language, as it starts from the basics of Python, then it will take you to the web, interact with the database in this language
By learning the Python language, you have come a long and important way in learning data analysis, then we can move on to other things that must be learned after the Python language.
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2. Data visualization and processing
It is very necessary for the data analyst to be fully aware of data visualization, as you need, by virtue of your work, to convert the raw data into charts to clarify it further
Therefore, you must learn visualization and data processing libraries, which we will talk about some of them with an explanation of the different tools and features between one library and another
Numpy Library
The working principle of this library depends on matrices and the implementation of arithmetic operations, and it is widely circulated among data analysts and it is recommended to learn it at the beginning
Pandas Library
Dedicated to importing and modifying data, you need to analyze and clean the data
Matplotlib library
This library is open source, so it is the most popular among data analysts, and thus you can find a large number of users that you can use to solve some problems that you may encounter, in addition to that it offers an infinite number of charts to work on
Seaborn Library
It differs from its predecessor in that it provides infinite layouts that can be customized to suit your requirements and are easy to learn
Tableau Library
Just import your data into this library then unleash your imagination and start customizing your visualizations because it offers you the use of data visualization without having to learn any programming language
3. Learn to count:
One of the indications of increasing employment opportunities for a data analyst is his possession of statistics skills, and the importance of learning statistics lies in dealing with a large number of data in a deep way, so you need to make predictions based on decisions that you have to make according to the results of counting this data
We recommend learning this course provided by the Coursera platform for beginners in statistics, which starts you from the basics related to sampling, distribution, probability, regression, etc.
Conclusion:
Have you noticed the simplicity of this roadmap that you can rely on to become an experienced data analyst? Of course, we cannot limit learning the programming language to the Python language, as you can learn other languages, the R language, but it is agreed that the Python language is very ideal for data analysis without neglecting the importance of the rest of the languages
We hope that we have achieved in this article the ideas that benefit data analysts, and do not forget to share with us in the comments the ideas that you see adding more value to this map .. We are waiting for you.
As a beginner in programming, you must fall into some errors that often result from any new start in a specific field. In fact, this is considered normal, and like other sciences that are the gateway to the world of modern technology, programming is considered one of the most important techniques that must be fully mastered and professionalized, and thus avoided. Making mistakes that novice programmers often make, which we will highlight in this article:
1) Haste and lack of concentration in writing the code:
It is not possible in any way to obtain a correct and accurate code that works on small and large applications if it had not been planned before with a lot of focus and accuracy. The stage of preparing the code must include important stages that must be studied on each one of them, which are in order: thinking, then research, then Planning, writing, verification, and modification if necessary.
Programming is not only just a code book, but also a technology that requires skill and creativity based on logic.
2) Not preparing an appropriate plan before commencing writing code:
As the absence of a general plan prepared for writing the appropriate codes is one of the most important factors of dispersion, so there must be no excessive planning in preparing the code, meaning that you do not need to exaggerate in preparing a model plan that consumes your time and effort, but rather it is sufficient to form a simplified idea through which you can start correctly and this It does not mean that you may not have to change the plan during work, but at least you have laid a correct foundation stone that you can rely on, whether to continue the work or amend it if necessary.
So, following this approach to planning makes it easier for you to act according to the requirements of the situation, such as adding or removing features that you did not think of in the first place, or fixing a defect somewhere, and this explicitly teaches you to be smooth and flexible in programming, ready to deal with any emergency circumstance.
3) neglecting code quality:
Coding quality is one of the most important pillars of writing correct code. Code is good when it is clear and readable. Otherwise, it turns into stale code.
Moreover, clarity of the code is the best way to properly form executable code and this is the primary task of the programmer
Any defect in the simplest things can prevent the code from working properly. For example, inconsistency with indentation and capitalization breaks the code from working, as shown in the example:
Also, long lines are usually difficult to read, so you should avoid exceeding 80 characters in each line of code.
In order to avoid making such errors, you can use the checking and formatting tools available in JavaScript, through which you can fix what can be fixed, so avoid yourself entering into mazes that are difficult for you to solve
The best option to maintain the quality of the codes for you is to know the most common errors and work to avoid them, including:
โข Too many lines used in a file or function, breaking up long code into many smaller parts makes it easier for you to test each one separately
โข Lack of clarity in naming short or specific variables
โข Not describing the encoding of strings and raw numbers, and to avoid that, be sure to put the values indicating this encoding in a constant and give it an appropriate name
โข Waste of time in dealing with simple problems that can be dealt with with a little skill and maneuvering in the use of appropriate abbreviations
โข Neglecting appropriate alternatives that lead to ease of reading, such as exaggerated use in conditional logic
4) Haste to use the first solution:
This happens when the novice programmer searches for solutions that rid him of the problems he encounters, so he hastens to use the first solution he produces without taking into account the complications that will result that may hinder the correct programming and thus lead to failure, so the first solution is not necessarily the correct one.
Therefore, it is better to discover several solutions and choose the most appropriate one. Here, a very important point should be noted, which is that if you do not come up with several solutions to a problem, you are most likely unable to identify the problem accurately.
The evidence of the programmer’s skill lies in his choice of the simplest solution to address the problem, and not in his escape to the first solution he reaches in order to get rid of the problem immediately.
5) Sticking to the idea of the first solution:
Completely avoid sticking to the first solution, even if it requires more effort from you. When you feel doubt about the correctness of the solution, quickly get rid of the bad code and try to understand the problem and re-understand it more accurately, and always remember the skill is to get a simple solution that makes it easier for you to make appropriate decisions in dealing with the problem. You can also use source control tools such as GIT that provide many useful solutions
6) Rely on Google:
Beginner programmers often resort to solving some of the problems that they encounter while writing codes through the Google search engine. The problem that they faced may have faced many before them, so the solution is often present, and this actually saves some time in searching for a solution to the problem somewhat, and this is apparent, but have you thought This solution in the form of a line of code will continue with you as appropriate to your situation, be very careful not to use any line of code that is not clear to you and if you see it as the solution to your problem
7) Not using encapsulation:
Encapsulation is a system that works to protect variables in applications by hiding properties while maintaining the possibility of benefiting from them. This system is useful, for example, for making safe changes in the internal parts of functions without exposure to other parts. Neglecting the packaging process often leads to difficulty in maintaining systems
8) Wrong view of the future:
It is necessary for the programmer to have an insight and to study all the possibilities for each next step when writing code, and this is useful in testing advanced cases, but be careful not to let this view be your guide to implementing the expected needs by writing code that you do not need now, assuming that you can need it in the future Stay as consistent as possible with the style of coding you need in your day.
9) Use wrong data structure:
Determining the strengths and weaknesses of the data structures used in the programming language is evidence of the programmer’s skill and experience in this field. This point can be illustrated by some practical examples:
If we talk about the JavaScript language, we find that the array is the most used list, and the most used map structure is an object.
In order to manage the list of records, each record contains a specific identifier to search for, maps (objects) must be used instead of lists (arrays), and the use of numerical lists is the best option if the goal is to push values into the list
10) Turn your code into a mess:
In the event that there are codes that cause defects and irregularities in the code, they must be dealt with immediately and the resulting chaos removed, as in the following cases:
Duplicate code: This occurs when code is copied and pasted into a line of code, which leads to defects and irregularities resulting from code repetition.
Neglecting the use of the configuration file: If a certain value is used in different places in the code, this value belongs to the configuration file, to which any new value added to the code must belong anyway
Avoid unnecessary conditional statements (if): It is known that conditional statements are logic associated with at least two possibilities, and it is necessary to avoid unimportant conditions while maintaining readability, so what is meant here is that expanding the function with sub-logic follows a conditional statement (if) at the expense of Inclusion of another task causes unnecessary clutter and should be avoided as much as possible To clarify the issue of the conditional statement (if), consider this code:
Note that the problem is with the isOdd function, but have you noticed a more obvious problem?
The if statement is unnecessary, here is the equivalent code:
11) Include comments on understandable things:
It is necessary, even if it seems difficult at first, to avoid, as much as possible, including comments on understandable and obvious matters, as you can replace them with elements bearing names that are added to the code
For clarification, see the example with additional comments:
Notice the difference when writing the code without comments in this screenshot:
So, we noticed that listing names is more effective than including unimportant comments
However, this rule should not be generalized on the foundations of programming in general, but there are cases in which clarity is not complete without the inclusion of comments, in such cases you should structure your comments to know the reason for the existence of this code instead of a question and so on, even those who prefer to include comments We advise them to avoid mentioning the obvious matters, and to crystallize this idea more deeply, we note this example, which shows the presence of unnecessary comments:
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12) Don’t include tests in your code:
Some programmers may think that they do not need to write tests in the code, and most likely they test their programs manually, and this may be out of their excessive confidence that they do not need to write tests in their code, but this cannot be considered negative at all because even if you want to know the mechanism Test automatically, you have to test it manually
If you pass an interaction test with one of your applications and want to perform the same interaction automatically next time, you must return to the code editor to add more instructions.
Here it should be noted that your memory may betray you in retrieving the test of successful checks after each change in the code, so assign this task to the computer and you only have to start guessing or creating your own checks even before writing the code. Development based on TDD testing, albeit not It is available to everyone but it positively influences your style which guides you to create the best design
13) Do you think that the task is going well?
Let’s see this image showing a function that implements the sumOddValues property. Does it have an error?
Have you noticed that the above code is incomplete, although it deals properly with certain cases, but it contains many problems, including:
First problem: Where does the null input handle?
There is an error that detects the function’s execution caused by calling it without arguments
There are two reasons why this erroneous code may occur:
โข The details of your job implementation should not be shown to its users
โข In the event that your job does not work with users and the error is caused by incorrect use, this will appear clearly, so you can program an exception thrown by the job, which the user refers to as follows:
Better yet, you can avoid the error issue by programming your function to ignore null inputs
The second problem: wrong entries are not handled
See what the function will throw if the function is fetched with an object, string, or integer value:
Although array.reduce is a function
Anything that calls function (42) in our previous example is called an array inside a function because we named the function argument array so we noticed that the error says that 42.reduce is not a function
But maybe if the error appeared in the following form it would be more useful
It should be noted here that the aforementioned two problems are secondary errors that must be avoided intuitively, in addition to the existence of cases that require thinking and planning, as in the following example, which shows what will happen if we use negative values
The function here should have been called sumPositiveOddNumbers so that the previous line does not appear
The third problem: Not testing all the correct cases due to forgetting some exceptional cases.
The number (2) is included in the group even though it should not be in it
This problem appeared because reduce used only the first value in the collection as the initial value of the accumulator which is in our previous example number 2 so the solution here is that reduce accepts a second argument to be used as the initial value of the accumulator
This is where testing is necessary, although you may have discovered the problem when writing the code and including the tests with other operations
14) Exaggerated reassurance about the validity of current code
Some codes may seem useful to novice programmers, so they use them safely in their code, without knowing that sometimes they may be bad, but they were put because the developer was forced to put them in this way, causing problems for beginners, so it is necessary here to include a comment by developers targeting beginners to clarify There is a reason why this code is included in this way
Therefore, as a beginner, you should put any code that you want to use from another place into question until you understand what it is and why it exists in order to avoid making mistakes that you are indispensable for.
15) Extra care to use the ideal methods in programming
Although the ideal methods are called by this name, they do not always carry this meaning, and this happens when the novice programmer devotes most of his attention to following the ideal methods, or at least the methods that he deems ideal, ignoring some cases that require him to act differently to some of the basic rules in programming. Situations that will put you in front of a challenge that only your good behavior and skill that you will need to develop through dealing with these circumstances will save you.
16) The obsession with poor performance
To get rid of the obsession with fear of making mistakes during programming, always be careful from the beginning, with every line of code pay close attention and recall your information and skills that avoid you from making mistakes, but this concern to improve your performance before starting should not be exaggerated and good judgment before starting It is he who will help you to decide whether the situation is preparing to improve performance before starting, or that the improvement in some cases will be an unjustified waste of time and effort.
17) Not choosing user-friendly experiences
One of the characteristics of the successful programmer is that he always puts himself in the place of the user and looks at the application that he designed or developed from the user’s point of view. By adding them to your list of affiliate links, this helps a lot in getting better results
18) Disregard for users’ experience by developers
Each programmer has his own preferred method and tools in the programming process, some of them are good, some are less good, and some are bad, but in general, the tools used in programming can be called quality according to their locations. There are cases where the tools are good at a time when the same tools are bad in other places.
The novice programmer often prefers the widely circulated tools, regardless of their usefulness in his programming, as he is a novice programmer, but in order for this programmer to start moving to higher levels of experience, he must select tools based on their efficiency in addressing certain functions that require their use in the first place, so the programmer gains more openness And good behavior and gets rid of a problem that many suffer from, which is clinging to tools that they used to deal with in all cases.
19) Data problems caused by code errors
Data are the basic pillars that form the structure of programs, which are basically an interface for entering new information or deleting old ones from it. Therefore, the smallest error in the code will lead to an unexpected defect in the data, and this is what some novice programmers fall into if they sometimes use codes that they think have succeeded in Validation tests believe that a broken feature is not necessary The problem is exacerbated when the validation program continuously introduces data problems that were not understood from the beginning, causing it to accumulate until it reaches an irreversible level where it is impossible to restore the correct state. To avoid this problem, you can use Multiple layers of data validation, or at least the use of database-specific constraints, which we will now learn about when adding tables and columns to your database:
A NOT NULL constraint applied to a column means that null values are excluded from this column by specifying the field source as not empty in the database
A UNIQUE constraint applied to a column means that duplicate values are excluded within the entire table. This constraint is ideal for user tables related to entering data for a username or e-mail.
The CHECK constraint is a custom expression, and in order for data to be accepted, it must evaluate to true. This is ideal for a percentage column that contains integer values from zero to 100.
PRIMARY KEY constraint Each table in the database includes a key to identify its records, which means that the column values are not empty and also unique
The FOREIGN KEY constraint indicates that the column values must match the values recorded in another table column, which often represents a primary key.
One of the common problems experienced by beginners related to data integrity is the wrong handling of transactions. If a group of operations related to each other needs to change the data source itself, it must be wrapped in a transaction that allows it to be rolled back in the event of a defect or failure in one of these operations.
20) Create new programs wheel
In the world of programming, things change continuously and rapidly, and services and requirements are available in a way that exceeds the ability of the team to keep up with it as it should, and the wheel of programs is like these changing services, so you may not find what you need as a programmer in one of these wheels, so the invention of a new wheel seems inevitable, but in most cases if it exists If the standard wheel design meets your needs, it is best not to design a new wheel
There are many options for software wheels available online and you can try before you buy according to what you need and feature that enables you to see its internal design in addition to that it is free
21) The negative idea of code reviews
Beginner programmers often take a negative attitude towards code reviews, thinking that they are a criticism of them, but as a beginner programmer, if you adopt this attitude, you must completely change your view and invest in code reviews optimally, as it is your opportunity to learn and gain more experience. Every time you learn something new It will be of practical value to you in this field
On the contrary, if you look at the subject in a more comprehensive way, the code reviews may make mistakes and you correct yourself, and therefore you are facing an opportunity to teach and learn, and this in itself is a source of pride for you as a programmer, making your way towards professionalism.
22) Rule out the idea of using source control
One of the negatives that some novice programmers fall into is underestimating the strength of the source control system. Perhaps the reason is because they believe that source control is limited to presenting their changes to others and building on them, but the topic goes far beyond this idea. Commitment messages communicate your implementations as a novice programmer and use them to help supervisors to Your code needs to know how the code got to its current state
Another benefit of source control is the use of features such as scaling options, selective restore, store, reset, mod, and many other valuable tools for your encoding flow.
23) Minimize the use of the common country as much as possible
The common country is a source of problems and should be avoided as much as possible or at the very least reduce its use to the maximum extent, as the more global the scope, the worse the scope of this common condition, so new cases must be maintained in narrow ranges and it is necessary to ensure that they do not leak to the top
24) Not treating mistakes as useful
Many people hate seeing small red error messages while programming, but in fact, the appearance of errors indicates that you are getting more knowledgeable and getting to know more about the glitches that occur even with professional programmers, so you work to remedy them in the future.
25) Continuous and prolonged exhaustion
The novice programmer has an obsession that he must complete the work he is required to do, whatever the cost, and as soon as possible, and this is what drives him to work for long periods, forgetting that he needs rest. These long periods of sitting and thinking cause fatigue, and often the programmer, after long hours of work, reaches a stage where he has not He is no longer able to think even in front of the simplest things, so he stands helpless, so taking a break is necessary to restore mental activity and mental balance.
With the scientific and technological progress, especially the rapid and remarkable development in data science and its analysis, it has become necessary for the data analyst to have sufficient experience to make him the focus of attention of companies that pursue data analysis in the course of their affairs, but this expertise does not come between day and night, but data scientists spend a long time and make a double effort They take advantage of the smallest opportunities to obtain information to reach the degree of data analyst or data engineer
Analysis is the process of finding the most appropriate way to solve problems and process data
So we must touch on some ways to improve your data analysis skills:
Evaluate your skills:
Some numbers and results may deceive you after you carry out a marketing campaign. You will think that the conversion rate is 50%, for example, but you will be shocked later that the number of potential customers is small, so this percentage does not mean that the goal was achieved at the required rate.
The process depends on changing the ratios of the numerator and denominator in the percentage according to what is commensurate with the reality of the situation. For example, when the goal is real, the numerator can be increased, and if it is not intended, the denominator can be reduced.
Measuring growth rate and expectations:
Rely on a graphic line that measures the growth rate and determines the validity of expectations. With the passage of time, increasing the steady growth rate becomes difficult, as determining a percentage value that embodies performance measurement can lose the actual value of the work.
The rule is 80/20
The basic principle of this rule depends on focusing on a large value that represents 80% of the results and dealing with it in a manner that secures the development of performance and control of its course with complete flexibility, and this rule can be relied upon as a start to reduce the budget spent for this project
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Enter the MECE system into your accounts
It is a systematic system for addressing problems with the aim of reducing galactic calculations that consume a lot of time and effort
3 areas of MECE can be identified:
* Problem tree:
The benefit of this process lies in its fragmentation of thorny and complex problems, thus facilitating their solution more easily, and to simplify this concept more, it can be said that it depends on analyzing user behavior according to certain classifications (age, profession, gender…)
* decision tree:
It relies on refuting decisions and potential outcomes and detailing them in the form of a graphical chart that facilitates the identification of the relative negatives and positives of each decision, to estimate the commercial value of the new plans, and then prioritizes and arranges them.
* probability tree:
It differs from the problem tree in that it coordinates the hypotheses more deeply and gives direct results compared to the problem tree
Cohorts represent quality value:
Cohorts are the groups that share certain features with each other, such as the start date, for example. They act as accurate analyzes by monitoring their persistence in using your applications and websites.
Avoid making false statements:
This is done before starting any process to verify the quality of data sets by monitoring and coordinating the statistics related to the data to exclude outliers and dealing with sound data. You can confirm the final results by comparing the resulting values with a similar analysis.
The Internet includes an endless number of websites of various disciplines and fields, with different content and topics, but the vast majority of them depend on artificial intelligence.
Which made the mechanism of using the Internet more useful and easier for users everywhere
In our article today, we will talk about 12 websites, all of which rely on artificial intelligence to automate various functions, and through which it is possible to create distinguished content in record time.
An important and summary tool for owners of commercial activities and for-profit institutions, as it allows them to know the behavior of competing companies, obtain information from the website, and follow the market movement. In addition, it suggests potential customers to you by tracking their interests that may be compatible with your services, and it is a free site for all
This site specializes in creating attractive designs by means of artificial intelligence. This site is distinguished by the fact that anyone can use this site to create beautiful designs with one click, whether he is an expert in design or not. This site creates wonderful content that can contain a mixture of images, graphics and texts.
This site is very suitable for developing public speaking skills through the techniques it provides that allow you to hear your voice with high accuracy, which makes you recognize the negatives and positives as a speaker in front of people, in other words, the site will enable you to listen to your voice and style of public speaking as if you were one of the audience and listeners
The site also includes videos that enable you to know the effect of body language to communicate the idea to the audience while speaking
This site enables its users to convert audio files, video clips, and live audio recording into texts that are available for editing and subtitles
All you have to do is enter the name of the file to be converted and the location where you want to save it, then the conversion process will start according to a specific time frame, with the ability to preview it during the conversion process.
However, what is wrong with this site is that it does not support all file types on the one hand, and on the other hand, if you want to convert a number of files, you cannot convert them together, rather you have to convert one file after the other, that is, you cannot convert a new file until after the file before it has finished.
This site is distinguished by its ability to find the search results accurately by offering an immediate answer to your questions, while excluding suggestions and guesses from the results.
Once you enter the words or phrases that you want to search for, this site will start searching within the framework of the topic to be found, and then you will have to choose the most appropriate result through the description resulting from the search process
This site saves time and effort, as it has an easy and simple interface, which makes it easier for the user to browse and search
This website makes it easy for users to transcribe notes online to take notes while avoiding losing focus resulting from moving between paragraphs. The user can also record the audio directly so that the audio is converted into text that allows the listeners to understand the meaning of the audio clip, which facilitates the exchange of information. between users
The story of this site seems incredible. Imagine that with texts you can create professional video clips. If the mechanism of this system depends on embodying the userโs personality by creating animated images in several different languages, you can also add sound and music effects to add to your video clip more distinction and excitement.
With all this professionalism and progress in the features provided by this site for creating video clips, its use is not limited to professionals only, but anyone can use it very easily to design videos that rely on artificial intelligence techniques.
A special site for designing memes, which allows users to choose a set of templates or create a template on demand using the creator of memes supported by artificial intelligence. It is enough to add text and images to make memes more professional with one click, and then publish this work on social media, and your product will be the focus of attention for those looking for unique ideas And dazzling works, and thus your sales will increase and your profits will increase
Also from the site distinguished by converting text into speech with the addition of several features such as obtaining the quality of studio recordings, determining the type of voice, translating sounds into texts and many additional free features that will impress you once you see the site and get to know it
The capabilities of this site depend on the creation of distinctive brands or the use of pre-made designs that allow you to obtain various ideas and fake logos in order to be able to determine the colors and titles that are most appropriate for your design.
We have known in the previous sites in this article about sites that convert sounds into texts, but the function of this site is the opposite, that is, it converts texts, i.e. sounds similar to the human voice to the extent that the listener will think that the reader is a human, so this tool is useful for creating audio libraries with the ability to control by votes
Using this site is smooth and simple, as the user has to download the text file so that the site converts it into an accurate and clear sound
In addition, one of the advantages of this site is that it is a gateway to making money by providing texts that are presented in the form of accurate audio recordings that are sold to those interested in buying audio books.
With the remarkable development and rapid growth witnessed by the data science and analytics community, the demand for this type of science increases, so that the family of data scientists expands at all levels, including beginners, including professional experts, and between those and those. Companies accept the appointment of qualified employees due to their experience in dealing with data, which is the backbone of the comprehensive system on which the general strategy of any company, institution or body is built.
Employment standards may differ from one company to another, but the main goal on which they are based is to obtain an integrated data employee. In general, most companies and institutions are exposed in their practical path to situations, circumstances, and perhaps problems that require good behavior at the right time and time. For them, the expert employee forms a stone with his colleagues. The basis on which the company depends to maintain its existence and progress.
We will study with the standards on which companies base their appointment of employees and managers specializing in data science:
The first stage: submitting applications
We can consider the stage of submitting an application for employment as the first step, which in turn is subject to screening and scrutiny by those in charge of employment based on several conditions:
1. If the applicant fulfills the conditions and qualifications required in the employment advertisement
2. The application should contain all the information that the hiring manager must know about the applicant, including the skills and experiences he possesses and the achievements he achieved in his previous work.
3. To mention in the application his ability to be present in any place specified by the company according to its requirements
4. The applicant should seek a recommendation from a member of the company if there is personal knowledge between them, as this helps the applicant to gain the confidence of the recruitment officials to some extent.
5. The applicant must be careful in predicting his monthly salary, taking into account his level of experience and his competence in leading the position he will assume in the company.
6. The applicant must mention his ability to work for periods that the company deems appropriate and fulfills the purpose, while taking care to choose the optimal time to apply for the job, which is usually during the graduation seasons of new batches of new graduates.
The second stage: CV checking
The application stage is followed, given that the application has been approved, so the stage of checking the applicantโs CV begins, on the basis of which a decision is taken, either with the applicantโs eligibility to attend the interview, or rejection and the exclusion of the applicant who does not meet the conditions.
Here are some points related to this step:
1. Recruiters prefer to see the date of graduation in detail on the resume because this helps them sort based on that date and thus makes it easier for them to make the appropriate decision that depends on the position they need.
2. Employment officials also prefer to get acquainted with the applicant’s skills and experience, in addition to the achievements he achieved in his previous job, as they contribute to improving the chances of acceptance and candidacy for an interview.
3. The applicant should make sure in his CV to arrange his works and projects related to the required and announced specializations first, from newest to oldest.
4. Avoid using flowery words that are useless, and only mention the appropriate words.
5. The applicant should be keen to mention the qualifications he possesses, especially with regard to his ability to continuously initiate the development of work and suggest additions that would raise the level of performance in general.
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The third stage: the initial test (online interview)
One of the advantages of this type of tests is that the focus on body language that helps the testers to form an initial idea of the applicantโs personality in the traditional (face-to-face) interviews is non-existent, so the focus of the testersโ attention will be limited to focusing on the verbal signs in the remote interview.
In this context, several things are recommended for the applicant to follow during the interview:
1. This interview method serves introverted people in particular, as the fear of a direct meeting for the applicant here is greatly reduced, which provides greater comfort when answering and reduces confusion.
2. You will draw the interviewer’s attention in a positive way if you conclude the interview by asking about the nature of the tasks that may be entrusted to you if your appointment is approved, the level of the work team, and other questions that indicate that you are interested and excited to join them.
3. Avoid, as much as possible, talking about your virtues in a way that shows that you are arrogant, i.e. show some humility when you mention your skills and experience.
4. When you present your answers, you must be very observant that the tester takes notes while you speak, so pay close attention when he stops writing, so know that he is satisfied with your response, so do not prolong the conversation more than necessary
5. It has been noticed through several experiences that the applicants at the beginning of the interview are enthusiastic and speak fluently and confidently, but this tone gradually decreases with the passage of time until it is almost non-existent at the end of the interview, so beware of falling into this problem and maintain your steadfastness with which you started at the beginning.
The fourth stage: which is the articulation (Panel and coding)
It is almost the most important stage because it determines to a large extent the issue of accepting or rejecting the applicant.
Here, the testers prepare a board that tests the applicants’ ability to deal with difficulties and pressures by identifying their technical skills that they use to solve these problems, and they are often inspired by realistic conditions that companies usually go through by virtue of their practical career, so it is advised that applicants create a board at home or write a code during the interview.
Therefore, we recommend several points that must be taken into account in order to overcome this transitional stage:
1. Focus while presenting the task assigned to you
2. Don’t keep your attention on the person asking the questions, but try to interact with everyone on the board
3. Support your answers with various examples within the framework of stories that explain your skills and experience
4. Be prepared to answer any question that may be asked of you related to the skill mentioned in the job description
5. Create an accurate idea about each of the elements of the board in order to form a correct mechanism for dealing with each of them separately in an appropriate and appropriate manner for each case.
Stage 5: Recommended behaviors after the interview
It is not obligatory insofar as it reflects a positive impression of you on the part of the interviewer. Therefore, if you are interested in expanding your chances of gaining the satisfaction of the interviewer and leaving a good impression on himself, you must follow the following:
1. Do not forget to thank the tester for the time that the tester gave you, of course, in a short and simple way
2. Never end your current employment relationship on the grounds that you passed the interview for the new job until you are absolutely sure that you have already been hired so that you do not lose both.
3. Maintain the confidentiality of what happened in the interview and do not publish any information related to the company unless you are exposed to fraud or deception. Here you must alert others and help that this not be repeated with applicants other than you.
This was a quick overview of the steps and stages that recruitment officials adopt in their selection of applicants. If you know the criteria they adopt, it will be easy for you to form a future plan that will help you overcome this task, which is often an obsession for every job applicant in data science.
Data has become the driving nerve of global trade at all levels, whether at the level of large companies or at the level of a small profitable project. Accordingly, data science has become the science of the times, so data analysis skills have the largest share of attention among various bodies and business events, and international seminars and conferences related to science are held. Data, and what we will discuss in this article is to talk about the best conferences in the field of data science.
How to find the best conference:
Any place or organization that presents important ideas and information related to data science and its analysis is the destination for those looking for knowledge and experience in this field. Therefore, scientific conferences that discuss data science are considered one of the important outlets for them to gain valuable information.
Strata is considered one of the largest conferences concerned with data science topics and its analytics in all its branches. Many are keen to attend the scientific events held by Strata due to the exchange of experiences and communication with technicians and senior data scientists and gaining experience from them.
The important role of data science conferences cannot be neglected, especially for those who are about to take a new job in data science, through which they get advice and instructions that will benefit them at the beginning of their practical and professional lives. related to data science and analytics.
So we will learn about the three best conferences for data science and analytics.
Top Three Data Science Conferences:
Data science employees are among the highest paid employees, and this increases the demand for a job like this, and obtaining it is the dream of every data scientist, so learners spare no time or effort to obtain any information that increases their experience and expands their skills to obtain a good balance of information that increases their chances when applying. Therefore, we advise those who wish to raise their academic credentials in data science with three conferences that are considered the best in the field of data science and analytics, according to the vote of the data science community: 1- ODSC East 2- Strata 3- KDD.
In these conferences, you find a lot of experiences that others have gone through and you hear about success stories that people have experienced in their professional lives. Experts present the obstacles and difficulties that they faced during their journey in data science and analytics and talk about their methods and methods in addressing those problems so that the attendees gain experience and learn the best ways to become data scientists. Experts and seasoned.
The same applies to the industrial community, as conferences are the best place to learn data science, so whoever has the opportunity to attend one of these conferences must take advantage of his presence by acquiring as much information as possible.
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How do you invest your presence in the data science conference?
Fortunately, these conferences are held throughout the year, but it may be difficult for you to find exactly what you need in one of the scientific events held by one of these conferences. Therefore, you must know how to choose the appropriate conference that you should attend in order to obtain the desired benefit.
For beginners in data science, it is recommended to view Strata + Hadoop World, through which you can keep abreast of modern technologies and successive developments. As for experts in data science, they recommend KDD conferences on visual analytics. As for those wishing to acquire more specialized skills, they must review the Data Science Unconference or the Analytics Summit. for innovation.
Once we talk about data science conferences, you should know that the choice will not be easy. The scientific benefit that you aspire to obtain must be in line with the material value that you spend in order to obtain that information when you attend these conferences.
In the end, it should be noted that there are many data science conferences, but these conferences that we mentioned are approved in the Defacto standard in the world of data science.
In this article, we will show the similarities and differences between business intelligence and data analysis, with a brief overview of each.
In the beginning, we talk about data analysis, which in general represents data science, which is summarized in the process of extracting useful information from a data set that is examined and processed according to a specific technique in order to obtain a formula that helps take the necessary and appropriate measures to ensure the functioning of the business process or the work of government institutions or scientific bodies. or educational sectors optimally.
Data analytics provides highly efficient techniques in developing the work of the commercial system as a whole, such as improving the buying and selling processes, identifying the most popular and selling products, customer behavior, etc., based on the data resulting from the analysis processes, within the framework of two types of data analysis:
Confirmed Data Analytics (CDA), which relies on statistics to determine the validity of a data set, and Exploratory Data Analytics (EDA), which relies on choosing models and types of data.
Based on the above, we can identify four types of data analysis:
Descriptive analytics: includes descriptions that are based on facts about a prior event, event A, and then event B
Diagnostic analytics: focuses on why these facts occurred, regardless of what happened in the past. B did not happen because of A, but C caused B to happen
Predictive analytics: based on future predictions based on historical data. Because B happened because of C, we expect that B will happen in the future because C happens
Descriptive analytics: depends on directing executive actions towards a specific goal. To prevent B from happening, we must take action Z
As for business intelligence, it includes the plans and techniques adopted by companies and institutions in dealing with business-related data to derive positive results that lead to sound decisions. Data forms, and it allows them to automate data collection and analysis, which makes it easier to carry out all tasks with the least possible time and effort.
Business intelligence to extract key information depends on the data warehouse known as (EDW), which is the main store of primary databases collected from several sources and integrated into a central system used by the company to help it generate reports and build analyzes that in turn lead to taking the right actions.
Based on the aforementioned, we can determine the course of the procedures that make up business intelligence according to the following:
Collecting and converting data from different sources:
Business intelligence tools rely on the collection of regular and random data from various sources, then they are coordinated and classified according to the requirements of companies’ strategies to keep them in the central data store to facilitate their use later in the analysis and exploration processes.
Determine paths and recommendations:
Business intelligence techniques contain an extensive data identification system, and thus the forecasting process by offering proposals and solutions is more accurate and effective.
Presentation of the results in the form of graphic visualizations:
The data visualization process is one of the techniques that has proven effective in understanding the content of the results and sharing them with others. It is a process on which business intelligence relies heavily due to the availability of charts and graphs that enable business owners to form a more comprehensive and accurate view of the results presented.
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Take the appropriate measures according to the data generated in a timely manner:
This step is usually done by comparing the previous results with the results presented at the present time for businesses and commercial activities in general, which makes it easier for the owners of these businesses to take the necessary and appropriate measures and make adjustments in record time and build a sound base for future plans.
Differences between business intelligence and data analysis:
We must first touch on the configurational interface of the EDW data warehouse
The data warehouse is the basic environment for storing multi-source data in order to deal with it later, if it has absolutely no connection with the database system used in daily transactions, so the data store is intended to be used by companies and institutions to generate insights for solutions and suggestions for specific practical issues in a timely manner.
Since the data stored within the data warehouse is multi-source and processed via the Internet, this requires that it be extracted from those sources and employed within a strategy that is compatible with the company’s work and then loaded into OLAP (i.e. online processing and analysis), and the Operational Data Store (ODS) is used to prepare Operational and commercial reports, which has a longer storage period than OLAP.
If we want to make a simple representation of the above, we notice that the data market is a miniature model of the data warehouse, but it diverts its attention to a specific functional aspect such as sales, production and promotion plans, and this is done by a specialized branch within the general system.
There is no doubt that a job in data science constitutes a dream for many students of this type of science, which is considered the science of the era. The skills required by this functional work or by addressing the problems and obstacles that impede the workflow in general, on its own or with the help of colleagues who exchange experiences and skills among themselves, so this job is a dream that data scientists everywhere aspire to achieve.
What we mentioned above is the bright side of talking about a job in data science, but if we look at the other side, we will find ourselves talking about the existence of statistics indicating that large numbers of data scientists, especially machine learning specialists, spend a long time searching for new jobs.
In this article, we will shed light on the most prominent reasons that drive many data scientists to search for new jobs, of which we chose four reasons:
1. Colliding with a reality contrary to expectations:
Data scientists initially believe that dealing with data is about addressing the obstacles and problems they face with the help of machine learning algorithms that have valuable and diverse characteristics that benefit the field of business in general, but they collide with a reality that is contrary to the prevailing belief. For example, we can talk For a specific company that hires employees regardless of whether they have experience in artificial intelligence or not, this company may tend to hire young people at the expense of those with experience and expertise in this field. A balance of information that enables him to use machine learning algorithms in addressing problems whose solution requires the use of other techniques that he has not mastered yet. Dealing with databases of all kinds and creating analytical bulletins in this case was not at the required level, which creates a kind of dissatisfaction among administrators towards the data scientist. incumbent
Therefore, some specialists give useful instructions to novice data scientists to help them avoid falling into such predicaments, such as the novice data scientist taking into account the appropriate environment for his technical level, such as searching for companies that match the skills he has reached until he develops his skills with continuous practice, given that he is not yet used to Facing all challenges and problems that require high efficiency and speed in addressing them
It is also advised that the novice data scientist not get involved in applying to companies that do not place machine learning among their most basic strategies in their dealings and analyzes, because this will negatively affect the development of experience and skill of the data scientist, who certainly aspires to reach the competence that enables him to obtain a better job.
2. The right person in the right place:
Employment decision-makers must have a positive impression of you when you apply for a job in their company, as this increases your chances of obtaining priority in acceptance, and this impression is formed when they discover your skills that they really need by presenting the projects that you have done, especially your method of dealing with a life problem that confronts A certain category of people, because the impression they will have on you will determine for them the extent of their need for your services in their company and the extent to which these skills are compatible with the general policy of the company.
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3. You are a data scientist who is able to handle all types of data:
For recruiters and those in charge of the test and interview, you are a data scientist, and therefore, from their point of view, you are able to deal with all types of data, including databases, especially preparing analytical bulletins and preparing appropriate reports.
Even your co-workers will assume that you can handle all the data analytics tools, big data, and everything related to machine learning and artificial intelligence.
So when a company hires you, you are definitely an expert in all these matters, so be clear from the beginning and inform them of your skills that you have mastered well on the one hand, and of your information that you think you need to refine and develop, in order to avoid a defect in what is expected of you to present in your work and between what you might They are surprised by the weakness in some of the skills that I brought them. Some companies resort to setting certain specifications for applicants that make it easier for hiring officials to choose those who see themselves as fulfilling these conditions and possessing the competence to be active members within a cadre of experts and distinguished in data science.
When the work is based on the exchange of experiences and joint cooperation between all specializations, you undoubtedly see satisfactory results and you can clearly see the professionalism in the general environment of the work as a whole, and therefore it will reflect positively on the users as it provides them with benefit and comfort in dealing with it.
For example, a data scientist who is an expert in machine learning techniques is considered part of an integrated work system that is able to utilize time and effort optimally, and vice versa. Solo work for a specific specialty in isolation from an integrated team with diverse experiences will cost significant time and effort, which negatively affects the workflow.
4. Integrated work among team members:
However, some companies resort to using their employees to create their own projects away from focusing on the diversity of experiences, so any employee can write many codes that help solve a specific problem or make analytical charts, and if that consumes a lot of time, then this is not important to them, but On the contrary, for large companies, the time factor is very important, so they use integrated teams to accomplish complex tasks, as they are in a constant race against time, so the diversity of specializations is very important for them.
And in application of the aforementioned, your right choice of the type of company in which you are looking for a job represents a fundamental and important pillar in the extent to which you adapt to the general environment in that company, so that your experience in a specific field in a company that relies on the diversity of experiences will make you work with full comfort within your specialization, that is, your work will be integrated with the rest The competencies of the team members, and thus you will avoid falling into the trap of work pressure and exhaustion, which will eventually lead you to search again for a suitable job.
From the foregoing, we conclude that the successful selection of the appropriate job will greatly contribute to providing an appropriate and comfortable work environment that allows the employee to employ his skills and develop his experiences in a complete manner, avoiding the specter of the persistent search and movement for a better job. Psychological stability and comfort at work at all levels are the key to success and creativity, so do not skimp on Yourself and be careful in choosing, with our best wishes.
While there is no secret formula to success, many thriving businesses do attempt to follow a few standard best practices to help them stay in the fast lane. Digital marketing is one area that many companies are focusing on because they see the value of concentrating their efforts online.
A consultation with DATA World will ensure that you stay a step ahead with proven data science and mentoring services.
Keeping on top of technology
It’s safe to say businesses can’t succeed without relying on technology to a large degree.
Data visualization is a rising software platform that more and more businesses are using to communicate better.
Keeping the lines of communication open is especially vital in this digital age when more and more people are working remotely.
Focusing on self-improvement
Business owners realize the importance of self-improvement. Hence, the reason why many seasoned entrepreneurs still take it upon themselves to continue upskilling themselves.
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A business degree is always useful to have if you want to enhance the skills you already have. Try this to see why an online degree in business can help you push further.
A mentor can help you reach your goals much quicker than you might do on your own.
Networking with the right people can also broaden your horizons.
Staying with the plan
You will most probably have derived a plan right at the beginning of your business venture.
A S.W.O.T analysis can help to identify your strengths as well as your weaknesses, your opportunities, and your threats, so you don’t get caught off guard by anything you weren’t expecting.
Best business practices might seem like a complex formula to follow. Reminding yourself to take that course or a degree can help to enhance your focus on the strategic elements of growing your business even more.
To define this data set: Netflix is a media and video broadcasting platform that includes a large number of movies and TV shows, and according to statistics, its subscribers exceeded 200 million subscribers in 2021 from all over the world.
In this case, the tabular dataset consists of lists of all the movies and TV shows available on Netflix, plus information about actors, directors, audience ratings, and other information.
Here are some important ideas:
* Content available in different countries
* Choose similar content by matching attributes related to the text
* Finding valuable and interesting content by analyzing the network of actors and directors
* A comparison of the most popular broadcasts in recent years (movies – TV shows) on the Netflix platform.
(real or imaginary): Predicting the imaginary job description:
This dataset includes 18,000 job attributes, of which 800 are fictitious descriptions. The data consists of text and descriptive information about jobs. The dataset can be used to build screening models that detect the fictitious attribute of fictitious jobs.
The dataset can be used to answer the following questions:
* You have to build a screening model based on the characteristics of the text data to determine whether the job description is real or fraudulent.
* Focusing on words and phrases that express description and deception, adjusting and identifying them.
Determine the characteristics of similar jobs.
* You have to perform exploratory data analysis on the data set to find useful values from said data set.
In our example, the datasets are player data represented by their abilities and skills from FIFA 15 to FIFA 22 (“players_22.csv”). This data provides procedures for finding several comparisons for specific players through the eighth version of the FIFA game
The following are available analytical models:
* A comprehensive comparison between Messi and Ronaldo (compared to the statistics of their working lives – changes in skill over time)
* The appropriate liquidity to build a team that competes on the level of the European continent, and at this point the budget does not allow the purchase of distinguished players from the eleven-man squad.
* Analyzing a model for the most efficient n% of players (for example, we deal with the largest percentage of 5% of players) to determine the presence of basic features in the game versions such as speed, agility, and ball control. As a live example, we note that the best 5% of players in FIFA 20 version are faster And agility from the FIFA 15 version, and through this kind of comparisons, we can conclude that with more than 5% of the best players who have obtained high statistics with ball control, this means that the game’s interest in the skill and technical aspect is greater than the interest in the physical aspect.
Specifically, we see that:
* The URL of the excluded players.
* The URL of the uploaded face of the player with the club or national team logo
* Information about the player, such as nationality, the team he plays for, date of birth, salary, and others.
* Statistics of the player’s skills, which are related to attack, defense, goalkeeper skill, and other skills.
* Every player present in FIFA 15 through 22 versions of the game
* More than 100 features
* The position in which the player plays and his mission in the club and the national team
The main success of a bookstore that sells various books lies in the high demand for effective purchases of the right books at the right time. In this context, one of the leading business events in the field of books and libraries organizes a competition to support booksellers that allows them to compete in the market.
So the competition here is to predict the purchase quantities of a clearly defined property portfolio for each site by means of simulated data.
Occupation :
Being competitive requires forecasting purchase quantities for eight addresses for 2418 different locations. To build the model, simulated purchasing data will be available from an additional 2349 locations, with all data referring to a limited time period. possible.
data :
There are two auxiliary files available to solve the problem:
The densely populated areas are more prevalent for supermarkets, and this creates commercial competition among them, which reflects positively on the market movement and contributes to the growth of the economy in general.
In our research today, we will discuss the data set that represents sales of three branches of a supermarket company for a period of ninety days. This group was chosen due to the ease of its predictive data analysis models.
Classification data:
Invoice ID: This is an identification number for the sales invoice
Branch: Super Center branch (out of three branches indicated by symbols A, B and C).
City: the most lively locations
Customer Type: Members classify the type of customers based on membership card users and non-users.
Gender: Specifies the gender of the customer
Production line: It depends on distributing basic components such as food, beverages, tourism, sports, electronic accessories, decorative accessories, fashion, and others
Product price: It is estimated in US dollars
Quantity: It is the number of products that the customer has purchased
Tax: It is a 5% tax fee added to the purchase value
Total Price: The total price including tax
Date: The date of purchase (which is the period between May and July of 2019)
Time: which is the time of purchase (from 9 am to 8 p.m.)
Payment: The payment method used by the customer upon purchase, and it is one of three methods (direct payment – credit card – electronic business archive).
COGS: The value of products sold
Total Margin Ratio: Total Margin Ratio
Total return: the total income
Classification: It is based on the classification of customer levels based on shopping traffic, according to a ratio estimated from 1 to 10
6. Control fraudulent procedures related to credit cards:
The process of controlling fraud in credit card transactions is very important for credit companies, which is to obtain fees from customers for products that they did not purchase
The data set includes transactions that were carried out in two days by credit cards in September of 2013, so that several forged transactions were caught out of thousands of transactions, and thus we find a large percentage of imbalance in this data set, and fraud recorded a rate of 0.172% of the total transactions.
The basic elements, which are the features V1, V2, … V28, were obtained using the PCA transformation, which results in the numeric input variables. However, the features that were not converted are represented by the amount and time, so that the amount represents the amount (transaction cost), and the time represents the seconds spent between one transaction and the other. As for the category attribute, it is variable according to the state of the transaction. In the case of fraud, the category takes a value of 1 and takes a value of zero if the transaction is valid.
7. The 50 most famous fast food chains in America:
It is the food that is sold in a restaurant or shop, and it consists of frozen or pre-cooked foods and is presented in special packages for immediate external orders. It is produced in large quantities, taking into account the speed of presentation and delivery. According to 2018 statistics, the value of fast food production reached hundreds of billions of dollars all over the world. .
The hamburger outlets, as is the case with McDonald’s, are the most common and sought-after in the world, and other fast food outlets that depend on the on-demand assembly of basic ingredients prepared in advance in large quantities.
It can be available in the form of kiosks, mobile cars, or quick service restaurants.
Content :
In our case, this data set is a study of information about the 50 best restaurant chains in America for the year 2021, and we can identify the main points of this data set:
Fast Food Chains – Sales in America in Millions of Dollars – Average Sales Per Unit in Thousands of Dollars – Licensed Stores – Total Number of Units for 2021
The vertical format of the dataset:
โข Fast-Food Chains – the name of the fast food chain
โข U.S. Systemwide Sales (Millions – U.S Dollars) Systemwide sales are estimated in the millions of dollars
โข Average Sales per Unit (Thousands – U.S Dollars)
โข Franchised Stores – the number of licensed stores
โข Company Stores – the number of company stores
โข 2021 Total Units – The number of total units in 2021
โข Total Change in Units from 2020 โ the number of total changes from the previous year 2020
You will have in your hands the sales data of a number of Wal-Mart stores spread in many regions, so that each store includes several departments, and the task entrusted to you will be to forecast sales related to the department of each store.
In addition, Wal-Mart carries out many promotional campaigns on an ongoing basis, especially the offers that coincide with the major official holidays, and these weeks, including holidays, receive a rating five times higher than the holidays. There is no complete historical data.
csv stores:
This file includes anonymous data for forty-five stores indicating the type and size of the store
train. csv
It is a historical training data file that includes the period between 5/2/2010 to 1/11/2012.
It contains the following fields:
โข Store – the store number
โข Dept – the department number
โข Date – the week
โข Weekly_Sales: Sales of a specific department in a particular store
โข IsHoliday: Is it a holiday week or not
test. csv
This file differs from train.csv only in that sales must be forecasted for each three departments of the store, date and department in this file, otherwise it is completely identical to the train.csv file
features. csv
This file includes more information, such as the store, department, and the activity of the specified dates, and it contains the following fields:
โข Store – the store number
โข Date – the week
โข Temperature – the average temperature in the area
โข Fuel_Price – the price of fuel in the region
โข MarkDown1-5 – Anonymous data for marketing write-offs operated by Wal-Mart
โข CPI – a value indicating consumer prices
โข Unemployment – Unemployment rate
โข IsHoliday – Is it a week off or not?
For the break, the four holidays coincide in the following weeks in the data set, noting that not all holidays were included in the data.
For every beginner in data analysis, here are the simple steps for collecting, cleaning, and analyzing data:
In terms of data collection, we wrote a script in the Python language to go through Linkedin, and we collected all the necessary data, and the choice fell on 3 sites: Africa, Canada, and America
Advantages :
* Designation: Job title
Company: The name of the company
* Description: Description of the job and the company
* On site – remotely
* The employee’s workplace
Salary: The salary of the position
* The company’s website
* Standards: Terms of employment such as experience and nature of work
We’ll take reviews of fifty an electronic product from online stores such as Amazon and Best Buy.
Datafiniti includes a data set of revision history, location, classification, and metadata of references. We note that it is a huge data set, so we will learn about the best way to use this data and benefit from it as it should:
The point of benefiting from this data lies in knowing the consumerโs opinion about the process of purchasing the product. For clarification, we define the following points:
* What are the main uses of electronic products?
* Determine the link between ratings and positive reviews.
* How good is the variety of online brands?
What is the function of Datafiniti?
Allows direct access to website data by collecting it from a large number of websites to build common databases for commercial activity, products, and property rights.
Data analytics provide key insights and information to support your business planning, growth, and operational efficiencies. Marketing campaigns, product development, and customer recruitment and retention are critical business activities that benefit it when customer relationship management (CRM) data analytics are used to understand trends, reveal subtle patterns, and identify new opportunities and leads.
This article illustrates several ways in which successful business operations gain a competitive advantage with a comprehensive CRM data analytics approach.
Baseline CRM Data Analytics
Data on business sales, marketing, and customers are the foundation for your business operations and strategy. Successful use of CRM software appropriate for your business size and type is key to collecting and analyzing these data. Baseline CRM data analytics are descriptive and diagnostic and are developed automatically from a wide range of sales and customer service performance data.
A good place to start is to relate marketing and product inventory statistics to your customer demographics, experience, behavior, preferences, and sentiments. Important presale data inputs include website click compilations, chat summaries, and social media tracking information. Post-sale metrics incorporate customer satisfaction and tracking data, such as additional purchases, spending pattern changes, and customer churn rates.
Needless to say, this data is valued not just by you and your company, but to others operating for nefarious purposes. Cyber criminals pose a huge and continuous risk, and the more data thatโs collected online the bigger the risk of sensitive data being hacked and stolen. As important as gathering customer data, you should protect your business from cyberattacks like malware, viruses and worms, ransomware, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Seek out a reputable IT security company that can help plug any holes in your security and monitor your systems 24/7.
Traditional business analytics analyze average sales and market segments, but CRM data analytics go much deeper to reveal subtle patterns, map long-term customer and product value, and create market predictions. Sales reports document product life cycles and predict future profitability and volume. CRM.org explains that customer life cycle data analytics provide insights to improve customer loyalty and impact. Geographic CRM analytics map customer locations, behavior, and experience to make distribution networks and territory management visually dynamic and easier to plan and execute. Baseline CRM data analytics are a proven commodity in servicing, retaining, and understanding existing customers.
If you plan to make upgrades to your CRM system, it may be expensive for a small business. If your business lacks the necessary financial history to qualify for business loans, you may be forced to explore personal loan options. Before doing so, be sure to check your credit report for irregularities. A ding on your credit history that catches you unaware may scuttle your planned upgrades.
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Looking to the Future with Business Process Management and Automation Tools
Advanced CRM data analytics really shine in understanding your target audience’s personality, intentions, and likely behaviors. When integrated with automation tools and business process management (BPM), processes across the organization can be implemented to improve and optimize many aspects of BPM, including new process workflows.
By improving the efficiency of CRM processes, BPM can help businesses save time and money while also improving the quality of their customer service. In addition, BPM can help businesses to better understand their customers’ needs and expectations, leading to improved customer satisfaction. If youโre incorporating BPM for managing your digital processes, itโs important to constantly monitor its effectiveness and act on this information to make improvements.
A forward-looking analysis is needed to guide and shape new marketing campaigns, generate customer leads, and acquire new customers. Market segmentation, targeted content, and personalized messaging are all enhanced with knowledge gleaned from your existing customer database and mapped or projected into the future. Predicting customer characteristics and decision-making processes support your strategy for customer engagement and conversion of leads.
Analyze the factors that led to new customer acquisition and study feedback to learn what worked to pull them in. Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania notes that sophisticated analytics use big data and artificial intelligence tools to understand where the market is heading and predict emerging market segments and new customer profiles.
Get the most out of your existing customer database by using these tools to sift through detailed, fine-grained website cookie tracking and large-scale patterns hidden in consumer behavior databases. Advanced CRM data analytics dashboards integrate diverse sources of information to help you shape marketing campaigns, product development, and product placement efforts. Use a risk management approach to mitigate any reputational and regulatory issues associated with potential algorithm bias and data privacy concerns.
Be sure to have a plan for how your content integrates with your CRM system. You can learn more here about how to create engaging content for your website. A high-quality content strategy can help boost your businessโs profile and customer engagement.
Resources and Planning Improve your business strategy and operations using baseline and advanced CRM data analytics. Understand how CRM analytics fits into a larger-scope BPM, as well as the importance of cybersecurity, and use all the different business tools at your disposal. This will help you gain insight and information on future market trends to guide marketing plans, customer retention, and customer recruitment initiatives.
Today we will learn to create attractive and valuable bar charts with a simple set of code backed by some experience and technical skill.
There is no doubt that mastering the design of graphic visualizations is an important factor for any data scientist, so in this article we will learn about the most important procedures necessary to complete these designs using Python (Matplotlib & Seaborn).
Dataset:
In our research today, we will discuss a data set that includes information about Pokemons due to the diversity of its characteristics.
They are characterized by continuity (Pokemons are characterized by defense, attack and other combat skills).
It is characterized by a variety of groups (species, name and genes).
And logical (legendary) and thus we have a balance of a variety of models to create charts.
And to get this set of data immediately from the store by the main code related to our search as shown in this table:
Knowing the purpose of the analysis process is the initial stage for designing strong graphic representations by finding solutions to the questions raised about the data available to us.
Our data set can represent answers to many of the questions posed, and what the creation of an excellent chart depends on is finding a solution to the question asked about categorical values such as determining the type of Pokemon:
In our example presented in this research, the most appropriate question to be answered is:
What types of Pokemons have the highest attack values?
To prepare for the answer to this question we will start by preparing the data and creating the first “master” bar chart using Group by and we can plot the data using Seaborn
Observing what resulted in the scheme, it becomes clear to us that the information calls into question the validity of the answer to the question posed above, as it does not show us an accurate answer about the type of the highest attacking Pokemon.
In order to reach an accurate answer, we must adjust the data according to an ascending or descending pattern and determine the number of available items. When we reach the top ten positions, for example, we can exclude random data and make the chart more organized and useful.
With more coordination and organization, we should not neglect the aspect of choosing the most appropriate colors, and this is embodied in selecting only one color. The value of the chart is derived from the appropriateness of the colors, and choosing different colors loses this value. This is done through a few code formats that enable us to add a title, change the font size, and adjust the image size.
We can make use of the color selection feature using Hex code.
Here is an explanation of how to write the code:
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We notice that we are beginning to see a more organized result, and here we are about to achieve a more accurate answer by identifying the type of pokemon that is the best attacker, and what increases the graphic representation is more quality, the reset dimensions, in addition to the appropriate title that attracts the attention of the reader.
Despite the quality that we have achieved, it is possible to show a more organized and accurate scheme. This is done by removing redundant information that is useless. In our scheme, we note for each axis a name that indicates it, and it is also shown in the title. So here, repetition is useless.
The direction of the graph also has implications that help the reader to identify the chart before reading the data itself. The prevailing definition is that reading the visualizations from left to right or from top to bottom enables the viewer to know the information that will be read first, and this is called the Z pattern.
Applying this pattern to our chart, we will move the title to the left to be read first and shift the X axis to the top for the same reason.
We have the following codes:
Thus, we have obtained an ordered and understandable graphic representation, and it can be said that we have obtained the required goal by creating an ideal bar chart visualization.
There is no work, project, or commercial activity that does not need analysis or statistics, even if it is on a small scale, whether to know the movement of buying and selling, customer interaction, the type of product required, the reasons for profit and loss, and other elements of commercial activity.
However, with the development of commercial activities techniques such as marketing, selling and buying, it became necessary to study the analysis processes of the data that make up the project in more depth and to acquire the necessary experience to conduct advanced statistical operations that yield more accurate and effective results.
Start learning coding and building code:
As a person who does not have any knowledge or experience in the basics of programming that starts from coding and building codes, you must find it difficult to start learning coding, but this thinking is not suitable for those who aspire to be a data scientist, as the determination and insistence on learning coding is an essential pillar in initiating the process This learning, no matter how complicated it may seem at first, and what also contributes to the correct learning of coding is the help of a person who has sufficient experience in programming who directs you to the right path in the learning journey and draws your attention to errors and helps you on how to avoid them, and perhaps the best programming language for a learner to start with is Python They are excellent for data analysis due to their multiple characteristics that can be employed to deal with different types of data
Learn programming:
1. Codecademy platform:
Codecademy platform is the best place to start learning programming and Python will be the best choice to start learning data analysis
The advantage of this platform lies in several points, including that it allows writing code on the browser directly, and this is not easily available in other platforms. That in the event that there is a defect resulting from your writing a software code, then you will know that the error is in the structure of the code itself and not as a result of an error in preparing the program that you need to install on the computer
Also, the smooth sequence and flexible transition between learning stages is very comfortable for beginners and removes some of the fear from learning programming
Interestingly, the courses on this platform are free, of high quality, and are a very good starting point for new learners
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Learn to analyze data:
2. Coursera Majored in Data Science from Johns Hopkins :
The free version of the Coursera Data Science specialization provides learners with a free token certificate, but it is not officially accredited, but its importance lies in the moral value that you get as a data science learner, as it will qualify you to show the skills you acquired in the training course in dealing with technical interviews
Since this educational series includes teaching the R language as well, given that it is an excellent language for statistical analysis, and it is the preferred language for academics, however, most analysts prefer the Python language to perform the data analysis process, especially in companies and private and public bodies.
It is clear from the quality of these Python courses that they are directed to the category of software engineers who have a desire to advance to data science, so you find these courses assume that you have high programming skills in advance
What distinguishes Coursera data science is that it starts from the beginning and helps to understand the main principles of the data science mechanism, especially addressing programming in R, and establishes the general concept of master data technology, analysis and machine learning in a broader sense through which you can start completely comfortably with the use of code to analyze data, which gives motivation Larger to complete educational courses.
Learn to query databases:
3. Stanford Online Course
In fact, Data Science Coursera did not include SQL in its training curriculum, so it is advised to go to the Stanford platform to learn SQL on your own via the Internet. This platform is run by professional trainers who use simple explanatory models in a variety of ways.
Learning SQL is very important for data scientists in terms of extracting data from databases, and once you have completed the Stanford SQL course, you can apply for a job in data science
Install information:
4. edx Principles of Data Analysis:
It is important for those who study data science to learn the basic principles of data analysis by edx, and most importantly, to review each learner’s principles and concepts to consolidate and consolidate the information he received in the training courses.
One of the most important elements of correct learning is training at the hands of different trainers, so the learner acquires various skills and becomes able to present wide options in processing and analysis, so it becomes easier when the learner intends to turn to machine learning and advanced statistics.
Applying to a job in data science:
It can be said that having sufficient experience and the required technical skills enhances your chance of passing the final interview and thus obtaining a suitable job in data science. You are the person that the bosses will look for, as the basic requirement for them is a person with capabilities that raise the technical and material level of the company, relying on those experiences that you have gained. In the training courses and in your practical experiences that they will learn about at the interview, and they know full well that your balance of knowledge and experience is a valuable treasure that they will never neglect.
This qualitative transition constitutes an important stage in your scientific and practical life. Here you are now a data scientist that everyone is looking for, so be sure to choose a suitable company that will open new horizons for you full of success and permanent development. In the end, we can conclude from the aforementioned that the difficulties and challenges that will stand in your way during the beginning of the journey of learning programming should not be an obstacle that makes you feel frustrated by several attempts that may fail, but on the contrary, you should invest every bump in searching for solutions that refine your expertise, you will not You will learn only if you make a mistake, and you will not get up unless you fall. Know that if you pass the stage of fear and dread and start to gain the necessary confidence, your motivation will grow and your desire to complete the path that will lead you to the goal you aspire to will increase.
Today, we will discuss the basic concepts that data analysts rely on while practicing their job in data science, and we will go together to identify the main stages that we will pass through during our research from examples of work in the VBO Bootcamp / Miuul project.
1. Forming an idea of the problem to be addressed:
The most important thing that a data scientist begins to do in addressing any issue related to his professional work is to understand the problem that he must solve, and then understand the benefits that result from that solution to the institution or entity in which he works.
A correct understanding of the type of problem or the nature of the work required helps to determine the most appropriate mechanism to address the problems and thus enhance the experiences gained through experience and practice. In our example, we will see different solutions with two different mechanisms.
The data set used:
The data that we will use in this project includes outputs in order to determine the budget necessary to attract the largest possible number of customers, classify them, and prepare advertising programs according to their requirements. Therefore, we followed the regression method to determine the value of the budget, and we followed the aggregation method to classify customers.
The importance of this strategy lies in our ability to determine the level of production based on our knowledge of the profit rates that we will reach
2- Determine the type of data we deal with
In order to carry out this stage accurately, it requires knowledge of several points:
A. What is the type of correlation between the data in our example?
B. What is the primary origin of this data?
C. Are there any null values in this data?
D. Is there a defect in the data?
E. Is there a specific time for the origin of this data?
F. What are the meanings of the columns in the data set?
And your use of the Kaggle data set will make your identification of the data type more necessary to obtain accurate results.
* It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the instructions of the main source of data, and through this you can determine the outliers and empty records, if any.
* Verifying all variables (categorical, numerical, and numeric) that are primarily related to the data of our project.
* Checking the numerical variables that have been identified to assign outliers, if any.
* Identifying the categories that are frequently present within the data and the categories that are hardly present, by exploring the locations of the categorical variables.
* Analyze the correlation between variables to see their effect on each other, and this procedure helps us to keep the variable with the highest correlation with the dependent variable during selection.
* Formation of a general idea of the characteristics and advantages of each element of the project.
This is a practical application of the compilation that we conducted on the information indicating the relationship between the producer and the consumer in a specific population unit and one of the shops located in that area:
The results show that we have: STORE_SALES=UNIT_SALES*SRP
Under normal circumstances, you cannot understand the meaning of this concept, so you will have to search on Google to make sure that the assembly is correct.
3- Data Preprocessing
In our example, it is clear to us through the chart that there were no outliers or null records in the data, but we removed a duplicate column that was detected in the table.
Through our expectation of the correlation, it became clear to us that the information is strongly related to each other:
Grossy_sqft x Meat_sqft โ Negative High Correlation
Store_sales x Store_cost โ High positive correlation
Store_sales x SRP โ High positive correlation
Gross_weight x Net_weight โ High positive correlation
Salad_bar x Prepared_food x Coffee_bar x Video_store x Florist โ positive median correlation
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4. Data Engineering :
It is essential to understand the problems that the organization you work in faces. You need to create value added from data, create key tool indicators, and other necessary tasks.
The main goal of our project is to determine the budget necessary to obtain clients, and this is necessary in order to estimate an appropriate value for the budget that is supposed to be spent in the future at the lowest possible cost.
We have created a number of new variants with Onehot technology
So first we need to convert the categorical variable values into a numeric value so that we can use them in the algorithms, as shown below:
We have obtained new columns by separating the columns by more than one value with the following operations as in the case of the arguments column.
Here we notice the media channels that are used a lot and that directly affect the cost variable.
Motivational words that attract customers as promotional offers have been added to the column related to the promotion category containing words such as “today” and “weekend” and other words that inform the user of the need to obtain a product during a certain period.
We also notice that the columns passed through Onehot are within columns that have a few different values such as: country, profession.
5. Monotheism:
A necessary study so that no variable affects the data and to obtain effective training within the shortest possible period.
We note that we used the StandardScaler model because our data did not contain an exception.
If the data happens to contain an exception, then the RobustScaler model is recommended
6. Estimation:
Indeed, we can say that we succeeded in estimating each model by varying the different skills of machine learning, and we worked on adjusting the Hyperparameter, and before that we had excluded weakly correlated variables, and the purpose of that was to remove the correlation to obtain training in less time.
7. Compilation:
The second plan that we are working on in our project is to obtain customers and keep them as permanent customers, so we classified customers and worked to estimate the value needed for that
This image shows what is meant:
8- Graphic representation:
Data loses its value if we do not deal with it properly. The basis on which successful analysis is built is the correct description of the data, and the best way to achieve this is to visualize the data.
In our project we made a control panel by Microstrategy
Project elements:
Store sales according to its type and cost: The purpose is to determine the sales value and cost based on the type of store.
Stores location map: This map shows the distribution of stores within the city.
Customer Chart: It is a map that shows the classification of customers by country.
Distribution of customers by brand: Depending on the WORD-CLOUD model, we can count the brands of customers.
The media channel staff and the annual AVG: After doing the marketing offers, we were able to determine the appropriate membership and the audience that earns profits from that membership.
Classification of customers: using the dispersion chart.
Based on the division of the resulting five groups, you are now able to deal with them closely and form appropriate strategies to work according to the plans of the company in which you work
Here are examples of the plans that we have created based on the ratios between spending and financial return:
High cost and high financial return: It is represented in spending large amounts of money in exchange for attracting customers, then what you spent on me will return with abundant profit. By analogy, it is possible to determine the channel that receives the largest possible number of communications and exploit that by saving spending as much as possible.
High cost and low financial return: I spend a large amount of money to attract customers, but the financial return is low. This is due to several reasons, including that customers do not find their need in my store.
Low cost and low financial return: I spend a very small amount to get customers, but I may be the target of a specific audience who prefers a specific type of my products, whose financial returns are low. To follow the best strategy in this case, it is advisable to create a marketing campaign for preferred products based on statistics on the quantity and types of materials required.
Low cost and high financial return: This case embodies the speed of my access to customers in the shortest possible time, which brings me a large financial profit through marketing tours for this type of customer.
Medium cost and low financial return: I spend money to get customers, but the financial return is low. My store does not have enough materials that customers require. This problem can be solved by conducting some statistics to remedy the defect.
This program allows you to learn how to work with data over the Internet at a pace that is proportional to the extent to which you interact and understand the information you receive from learning the basics of non-coding skills to data science and machine learning, this program allows you to learn how to work with data online at a pace commensurate with your interaction and understanding of the information you receive.
DataCamp Learning Strategy:
โข Complete Learning: You must complete the interactive courses
โข Continuous training: Dealing with daily problems continuously
โข Practical application: search for the most prominent problems on the ground and work to address them.
โข Evaluate yourself: identify your weaknesses and work to rectify them, identify your strengths and strive to develop them.
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Here is a simple example of the effective exercises included in the platform:
This is an example of the practical application of your learned skills:
After learning and acquiring sufficient skill, you can start working as follows:
Your professional start will start as a data scientist, then you will move to data analysis. Your mastery of the previous skills will qualify you to enter the world of machine learning, then you will move to data engineering, then work as a statistician and programmer.
Through several studies conducted on a group of beginners looking for a suitable job in data science, it was noted that the majority of them suffer from difficulty even in reaching the interview, despite the fact that the demand for jobs and work in this field is constantly increasing and accelerating, and it is very easy for those who have Experience in data science, and through continuous research, it became possible to identify two main factors to explain the cause of this problem:
* The first problem lies in the weakness of presenting yourself as a specialist in data science.
* The second problem lies in the difficulty of finding you as a data scientist, as according to advanced search systems, new employees are searched according to a mechanism applied by pre-programmed techniques.
Here are three tips that will increase your chances of finding a suitable job in data science:
First tip: Create your own business portfolio:
There is no doubt that the demand for vacancies in data science companies is constantly increasing, and according to a report by one of the employment officials in one of the developing companies, that within one month the company received more than 40 resumes from applicants, this is at the level of a developing company, let alone the giant companies that receive Too many resumes per day?
Based on these statistics, we note that with this number of applicants, the number of those who get a job in a company are those who were distinguished by discrimination over their peers from the applicants. With data science, statistics, programming languages, machine learning and other related sciences.
Second tip: Use appropriate words when describing your experiences:
As we mentioned at the beginning of the article, finding you is related to searches that perform software technologies, and the extent to which these automated technologies can find you as an applicant depends on the type of keywords that you choose in presenting yourself as an applicant. For example, if you are proficient in programming languages โโsuch as Python, just by mentioning the name of this language in Your account on Linkedin or in your CV will create a great opportunity to find you, and you will have preference if you mention more than one programming language in business platforms and job applications, and your selection of encouraging or motivational phrases that indicate your level of experience in data science have a role in drawing the attention of recruiters and researchers. For young elements with enthusiasm and vitality.
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Third Tip: Demonstrate high competence in problem-solving:
After completing the previous steps, you need to show yourself as a data scientist who is able to deal with all the problems that hinder your work and provide your own methods in dealing with any emergency matter through your projects that you have conducted in presenting a specific problem from the real world and your suggestions for solving that problem in a simplified scientific and practical manner This would prove to your potential manager that you are distinguished and experienced, thus increasing your chances of getting a suitable job.
People view a data scientist differently. People who are not related to data science see him as that super-intelligent person who deals with any scientific issue, no matter how difficult it is. But other data scientists know very well that a data scientist is someone who solves any issue using data. Business, for example, is a data scientist whose task is to employ his experiences that he has learned in order to avoid any kind of loss and to find everything that would increase the profits of the company in which he works through models that he provides
In his field of specialization, he intuitively uses algorithms, programming languages, and all the scientific techniques that he masters, and then presents solutions and suggestions in a way that is easy for the recipient to understand.
But the situation is different when you present your skills to the recruitment officials. Here you are required to mention the numbers and statistics of the solutions and suggestions that you provided in your previous experiences, and know that you are in front of people who are professionals in data science and they will stand on every word you say, as it means to them the true measure of the extent of your experience and skills.
Your expansion in explaining your scientific method in dealing with all kinds of fields of data science and the extent of the interaction of recruiters with what you offer will be a strong indication of your acceptance in the end, as your information will turn in their view into the technical value they are looking for.
In the end, some may find that these tips are not enough to create a real opportunity for the applicant to get the job of his dreams, but in fact, adhere to it and implement its content, whether by presenting a typical business portfolio and choosing expressive keywords that indicate your skills, which will have a major role in your joining a distinguished work team in Data science.
You must create a file to archive your work and expertise, so that others can see and know your level and skills. This is an important step for you as a data scientist, as it is a means of communication for data scientists, so you have to evaluate your skills, determine your technical level, and embody that in the form of works that you save to highlight them when needed. The strength of your work archive increases your chances of success. Get priority admission in any field you apply for as a beginner in data science
Below, we present the importance of creating a business portfolio that includes several projects, in addition to several tips that will help you as an applicant
The importance of creating this portfolio is highlighted by the fact that the experience factor is very necessary when applying for a job in data science. It can be said that the greater the number of years of experience, the greater the chances of getting a job. The certificate alone is not sufficient if it is not supported by several years of experience.
This experience is gained by following several intensive educational courses from experienced sources in this field. Add after that you have to build your business portfolio based on projects from the ground that you carry out based on what you have learned. This step is very important to get the job you want.
The projects that you will undertake must focus on data science skills and how to deal with data sets in general. You can present your projects for public use on the GithHub platform, and do not forget to write summaries showing your results that you obtained.
Your projects and work will be the focus of attention of other data scientists, and it will be your window through which they see your skills in data science, and it will be your opportunity for recruiters to see your potential
data science projects:
There are many ways to get online to start data science projects for free
Once you learn the rules and principles of statistics related to data science, the subject of creating your own projects will be easier and more flexible, and you will find that your experience has increased significantly.
When you create data science projects, you will notice that you need to learn programming, implement statistical analysis techniques, provide solutions, and build data representations to reach the best results.
Speaking about the importance of data science projects and then establishing a business portfolio, we address the following points:
Practical experience: Your creation of a project in data science will raise the ceiling of your ambitions, as working on it will enhance your confidence in yourself and in showing what you have reached.
Forum of experts and specialists in data science: Here, a very important point emerges, if you can exchange experiences and skills with experts and specialists in this field by being present on several platforms, including kaggle, Stack Overflow, Reddit, which is considered a meeting place for data scientists
Open Source Contributions: If the data scientists in your portfolio find that your projects are expertly designed, they may ask you to make open source contributions.
Training: The projects in your portfolio will likely be valuable material when looking for practical projects to use for training
Secure Job Opportunities: Showcasing outstanding projects in a portfolio of high artistic value. Ignore the factors for your guaranteed getting a good job in data science.
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It is necessary to take a comprehensive look at the foundations and rules of learning data science through which you can implement projects that give your portfolio great technical value
Like any other profession, in order to master any profession, you must fully understand all its details, and the same applies to data science. In order to master a specific specialization, you must do your best and invest your time to the fullest extent in research, learning, and how to deal with various types of data.
And through our research on the most important ways through which you can display your business in a distinguished portfolio that indicates your experience, we have found several points:
* The quality of the projects: You are not required to start with difficult and complex projects of a higher level than what you learned as a beginner.
Perhaps one of the most important things you do before starting is defining the project, its objective, and what may benefit the users, using your capabilities and the tools available in your hands. Do not forget that as a beginner, you learn the basic principles and at the beginning of the learning journey. Therefore, embarking on a project with undefined goals will be doomed to failure. In answering the following questions, the main rules are built to properly define the objectives of the project:
Determine the type of problem that you have to address?
What are the benefits of your analyzes?
What kind of skills will you get after this experience?
And always remember that your implementation of projects has no value if you do not have sufficient experience, and in return you will not be able to prove your skills and show your expertise except by implementing projects, as both are complementary to the other. Learn data science
Portfolio of projects and files:
The process of documenting projects is a very important process, as this process will greatly help in giving your projects the status of importance and will be classified in the category of successful projects, and this really depends on the quality of the code in terms of clarity and coherence
In the example below, we show an ideal programming model in the Python language
The quality of your business portfolio indicates the extent of your skill and smooth handling of all technical matters, and this, from the point of view of business managers and potential technical officials, is evidence of the experience that everyone is looking for.
You can also write down your skills in an article in which you explain what you have done while working to facilitate access to it by creating a store that contains your project that you spent a long time completing, with links to the basic ideas and concepts on which the construction of the project that you implemented was based.
So, through the above, we conclude that the factors of coordination and ease are two main factors in the formation of a successful project that forms, along with other projects, a professional work portfolio.
We come to the publishing stage:
One of the most important factors for the success of the publishing process is learning good code writing skills, which includes a proper balance between the codes that you include and the codes that you should avoid. An understanding of the content of educational books for the Python language helps you in this, which programmers are keen to fully master, and with more reading and research, your experience will increase. in coding significantly
The GitHub platform is considered one of the most important platforms suitable for creating a Jupyter environment and presenting your projects in it, as it has the ability to add information and formulas intended for repetition and sharing, and be careful in your work to show others the extent of your experience in simplifying complex concepts
Now we can recommend three steps to creating a professional business portfolio:
You have to be careful when creating your business portfolio to move away from stereotypes, in other words, many data scientists and on many platforms have their own business portfolios, so your uniqueness with a professional business portfolio distinguishes you from others and makes your business a bright spot in a space in which there are many widespread business models that vary between difference similarity
These tips will help you excel in creating your own professional business portfolio:
* Become a member of Kaggle:
Why should you join Kaggle? Simply because it is a huge community that includes data scientists of all categories. Through it, you can exchange experiences and advice with others. You can also find and publish data sets, and you can have the opportunity to participate in skills challenges related to data science, so you gain experience and expand your skills.
It is worth noting that employers are keen to view your profile on the Kaggle platform, and know very well that your opportunity to get a junior job in data science is proportionate to the technical level of your profile.
In addition, it contains great value in machine learning, for free, as well as all the interactions that you can do on the site, in addition to the ability to communicate with those in charge of selecting employees in a smooth and flexible manner.
datasets:
As we previously recommended the implementation of projects that find appropriate solutions to practical problems taken from real life, it should be noted that the Kaggle platform is ideal for learning the mechanism of dealing with this type of problem, by using the realistic data sets provided by this platform, you can create a unique project that pushes you to pursue brilliance and constantly develop your performance
Competitions :
Google and other companies involved organize Kaggle competitions, which usually last for a period of three months, in which huge financial prizes are offered, so seizing this opportunity and participating in these competitions will give an impression of the extent of your skill and efficiency in dealing with problems that hinder the proper functioning of work
Make sure to use GitHub regularly:
GitHub automatically keeps up with your work to keep it visible to your followers, so they can keep up to date with your work and achievements.
The benefit of GitHub is that it stores all the data science libraries and repositories and receives and maintains a huge amount of various software resources.
Your active and continuous presence on GitHub helps a lot to keep you in constant contact with your peers, and therefore cooperation and exchange of experiences remains an open process, especially when you have an effective profile
You can also create a website using GitHub pages and thus allow you to host your blog and portfolio on it for free
Write down what you learned:
Your distinguished style of presenting your analyzes and visualizations will have an important and influential role for the learners, who will form an audience following your articles that seem valuable to them based on what you have learned.
And do not stop here, but it is better to publish your articles with direct links on the Medium and Dev.to platforms
And at the end:
The attractiveness of your portfolio depends on the valuable content it contains, from specialization to effective skills and projects
Then others will be attracted to view your portfolio and this will lead them to consider your content more useful
In this article, we will highlight some of the best graphic visualizations for the year 2022 related to specific events that took place during this year.
1. Most popular websites since 1993:
In this scenario, we see a comparison between the most popular sites since 1993. It is remarkable that Yahoo still maintains advanced positions in the ranking of the most popular sites until the beginning of 2022.
2. The time period for a hacker to set your password for 2022:
It is noticeable in many Internet sites to adopt the principle of assigning a group of various characters and less than numbers, the above visualization shows the period of time consumed by those who try to infiltrate other sites and accounts in hacking your passwords in the current year.
The importance of this type of visualization lies in the fact that its system relies mainly on the distribution of colors indicating the different times spent trying to decipher the password.
3. High prices of basic materials:
It is worth noting that the rise in the general level of prices and the continuous and increasing demand for materials is one of the results of the war between Russia and Ukraine. In the above scenario, we notice the impact of inflation on the prices of basic materials consumed on a daily basis, such as fuel, coffee and wheat.
The concept of this type of graph can be simplified as a measurement of the rates of rise and fall in the level of a group of bar shapes with the change of time in varying proportions.
4- The most famous fast food chains in the world:
In the above visualization, we see the 50 most popular fast food chains, according to the amount of restaurants in America. This classification was based on the size and category of the restaurant. Through visualization, we see that McDonald’s is more popular than other restaurant chains around the world This type of visualization is called an organization chart, and it is intended to distinguish hierarchical data according to a specific classification
5. NATO versus Russia:
One of the most prominent events of this year is the Russian war on Ukraine. Through the graph representing the balance of power between Russia and NATO, you can get acquainted with the real information related to this issue.
This diagram consists of an image made up of a number of illustrations that reach the viewer with the idea presented in the visualization in an attractive and understandable way.
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6. The quality of students in educational facilities:
The above visualization shows a comparison between the most and least prevalent types of studies in American colleges. Through what the graphic representation shows, we find that the demand for sciences related to technology, engineering and mathematics increases rapidly compared to the low level of demand for sciences related to arts and history.
7. Most used web browsers over the last 28 years:
The visualization included above shows the most used web browsers over the past 28 years, and the visualization also shows that the Google Chrome browser has the largest proportions of use relative to the rest of the browsers.
This visualization is based on divisions within a circular chart that increases and decreases with the change of time, similar to the strip visualization, but it is distinguished from the strip visualization in distinguishing ratios more accurately, away from absolute numbers.
8. The most spoken languages โโin the world :
This visualization is characterized by its simplicity, but it is of great value. It is of the bar type that identifies the most used languages โโin the world.
As shown in the chart, English ranks first in the world, followed by Mandarin and then Hindi.
9. School accidents:
This scenario dealt with statistical rates of some school shooting incidents in many countries during certain periods. The chart shows that the United States recorded the highest percentage of this type of incident compared to the rest of the countries.
10. A further rise in prices and wages:
In addition to the inflation that affects the daily consumed basic materials, wages also have a share of this negative impact. It is well known that with the high level of inflation, the value of the US dollar decreases compared to previous periods.
This perception represents a schematic image that shows the variation in wage growth compared to inflation from several years ago to the present time.
According to the above, we presented models for the best dozens of graphic visualizations of the most important events of the year 2022, which constitute useful models in different forms of graphic planning, depending on classification, sorting, and statistics. You can benefit from them if you decide to perform any type of visualization.
It can be said that articles, books, and online courses help you as a beginner in data science to some extent to raise your level, but they do not alone contribute to giving you the experience that professionals have in data science, and you cannot rely on them mainly, as they will not give your resume any official value, but there is More important accredited courses that will make you the focus of attention of employers and contribute to strengthening your chances when applying for any job related to data science. We will talk about them to get to know them closely, to start with them in the following order:
1- IBM Data Science Professional Certificate
It is the typical course for a better start in the journey of learning data science. On the one hand, it is a free course and therefore suitable for those who do not have the money necessary to obtain certificates, and on the other hand, it gives the learner the necessary experience that gives you confidence, since the company offering this certificate is considered strong in this field.
This course is characterized by flexibility in learning if it starts with the trainee from the basics of machine learning and the principles of the Python language from building codes to identifying machine learning algorithms and dealing with them and other important matters in building a solid base of information and all this during a training period not exceeding three months according to experts and then You are exposed to an exam that you must pass to be eligible for this certification.
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2- Microsoft Certified: Azure Data Scientist Associate
You may find similarities between this course and the first course, but it takes its importance and value because it is accredited by major technology companies in the world. By studying this course, you will have the opportunity to consolidate and enhance your information that you received in the first course, but at an advanced level compared to the first.
This course provides you with learning how to run your own models from the base of the Azure cloud, and this training enables you to strengthen your skills in managing training costs, which are very important for data science experts, because mastering this skill is necessary in the task of machine learning training, as running a huge network on Your equipment cannot be successfully completed unless you are fully aware of the basics of the right investment for the job.
3- DASCAโs Senior Data Scientist certification
We can now say that after you have passed the previous two certificates, you are facing the most difficult challenge, in front of the stage of proving competence and competence in reaching the level of a professional data scientist. This certificate is provided by the Data Science Authority in the United States, and this alone is enough to make you pay all attention to obtaining it.
A course classified as intended for those who have 4 years of experience in data science, in which you will be trained on training models on the ground. Despite the effort in this learning process, it is worth this suffering because obtaining this certificate will qualify you to apply for the job of professional data scientists that will bring you abundant financial profit.
Although this certificate is not free, it will transfer you to a wide space of comprehensive and advanced knowledge in data science, and given that the work according to it brings you a high wage, as we mentioned above, this is enough to make you make a firm decision to go through this experience.
Conclusion :
Once you complete these courses, you will not need other courses, and make sure that you will be of great interest to business owners looking for employees with experience and high efficiency. Your mastery of these courses and obtaining the above-mentioned certificates will make your chances much stronger than your peers who did not obtain these certificates. Once these are mentioned Certificates in your CV, so know that you are the most prominent candidate for the offspring of a job that many who work in this type of science dream of.
One of the most important things on which the establishment of a successful profitable project depends on the Internet is the set of skills and experiences that you have, and that your personality and your style of work play a contributing role in increasing the chances of the success of your project, contrary to what some think that providing the project with a lot of money is the cornerstone on which the start of the activity is based. commercial.
This is what we will talk about today in this research.. How to build your business without having to pay money by consuming the least possible time and effort.
ย We will suggest six ideas that will help you start a successful online business:
ย 1. Selling electronic content:
This type of project is of great importance due to its widespread circulation and widespread demand. There are millions of consumers of digital content in all its forms, whether videos, films, audio clips, music or e-books.
Digital content plays the role of a product that is bought and sold by itself, or it can be a commodity sold in addition to the main services provided by some individuals or companies.
Digital content trading is popular with design and innovation pioneers, if the flexibility lies in the fact that production is only one time and then sold repeatedly and the possibility of dealing between the seller and the buyer remotely, but its success depends on your skill in creating eye-catching content and choosing impressive designs, as the electronic market is full of digital content Therefore, being alone in an attractive style is the title of your distinction, which will increase the chances of your competition and your entry into online content creation projects
The importance of digital content is highlighted in several points, the most important of which are:
โข High yield: the financial return for digital content producers is a net profit due to the absence of continuous expenses on the produced goods.
โข Fruitful future: Due to the rapid development, according to some statistics, which indicate that the value of the digital content market is expected to rise in the coming years, you are in front of great opportunities to develop and grow your brand.
โข Convenience: by creating free content production suitable for the development of your personal electronic accounts, including e-mail. You can also earn profits by selling copyrights for your distinguished electronic designs.
โข Automation feature: you can deliver your digital content with minimal participation.
All of these features do not prevent some obstacles that may be encountered by digital content producers, including:
โข You may find some difficulty in finding the target market because some customers find free samples of your services, and you must be constantly and constantly keen on creating more professional models that contribute to the development of your brand.
โข The possibility of being exposed to theft and piracy: you should choose the programs that help you protect your products to avoid falling into these problems.
2. Financial support:
The project creator creates an account on one of the platforms, and the profits resulting from the subscriptions of subscribers to this account are collected during a specific period chosen by the project manager. on the money.
You can also share your project on Facebook after uploading it to your iPhone. By clicking on your project, you can estimate the most appropriate date to launch your campaign and release your product.
It is worth noting that you should not hesitate to exchange interest and appreciation for your project’s supporters by giving them material rewards, for example.
It is necessary in the process of searching for customers to ensure the extent to which your project attracts attention to provide support for it and to conduct an opinion poll for your potential customers about your product or service in order to enhance strengths and avoid weaknesses. Search engines can also be used to find what attracts people and raises their interest, especially developing their needs.
ย 3. Building a virtual educational platform that will bring you financial profit:
What guarantees the creation of a successful work plan with the possibility of maintaining an upward path to develop work according to this plan is to build a distinct educational platform and this depends on the availability of two main pillars:
โข Leading personalities who are able to deal with various types of obstacles and difficulties that face the virtual work cadre in this type of platform. Appropriate actions and decisive decisions create a kind of wisdom in solving any kind of problems.
โข One of the most obstacles to achieving success in this type of project is to cancel what you have to do today and postpone it to tomorrow. A successful strategy is based mainly on completing the right work at the right time.
The importance of these platforms lies in the fact that a large number of learners resort to them if there is the possibility of individual training.
Among the characteristics of success in managing these platforms by leaders is the availability of several factors:
โข Continuity to put forward and present everything that is important and useful
โข Effective interaction
โข Diversity and modernity to keep up with everything new
โข Avoid falling into all kinds of technical and technical faults.
โข Skill and flexibility in dealing with others
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ย 4. Providing web hosting services:
This service includes the availability of a domain, site hosting and development, and once you have a computer, you can start this project.
This project is considered profitable because securing the website hosting service is the most common requirement at the present time if the demand for it increases significantly. This service is provided through storage, e-mail accounts and databases, in addition to providing a user interface for the owner of the site, and this is done by a company or an individual.
The success of this project depends on the extent of your presence on the Internet, as the increase in the number of audience familiar with your website is a strong indication of the increase in your chances of obtaining clients.
From the above, we refute 5 simple steps to start a hosting business:
1. You must configure your website and specify the values โโof services and channels.
2. Choosing a brand for web hosting and the target groups by choosing a name for your company that is simple and easy.
3. Develop and expand the line of work related to your hosting.
4. Be absolutely sure to take care of the advertising aspect of the services you provide, with interest in highlighting the offers and features you offer, whether electronic advertising campaigns or publications and paper publications, and start with friends.
Also, paying attention to customers is not less important than what was mentioned in the previous items, by avoiding prevarication with customers in the event that a technical problem occurred with you that led to a defect, and expediting the resolution of any emergency that occurs on any aspect of the financial aspects of customers and dealing with it in a way that comforts the customer.
5. Selling subscription services:
According to a study conducted by specialists in the field of e-commerce, it showed that the growth rate of e-commerce is increasing dramatically and rapidly.
Companies that provide online subscription service to customers give lower costs due to repeated purchases of the required products, which maintains the business relationship between the product and the customer forever.
By mentioning the factors that make you carefully consider the work of subscription, we find that:
โข Predictability of material returns.
โข Less expenses that you will make to get clients.
โข Customers’ keenness to maintain dealings with you.
โข Flexibility in selling products.
โข Always have money in your hands.
In the event of starting a business based on subscription, the following items must be noted:
โข Ensure the constant attention to customers to maintain them.
โข Continuous mention of the importance of the product or service you provide.
โข Follow a successful plan for the marketing process.
โข Trying to find suitable offers.
โข Gathering customers who are ready for subscriptions.
โข Determine a free trial period.
6. Earn money by following products:
This means that the owners of some brands rely on people who follow up on their commercial products, such as providing suggestions about new products that have not yet been put on the market, in exchange for services that are obtained through:
โข money
โข merchandise
โข Gift vouchers
To start building a project like this, you need to create a blog where you present your services in product review, and you can use the Amazon Mechanical Turk.
If you decide to join their cadre as a reviewer of their products, brand owners will deal with you as a customer. By reading those goods, they learn about the way consumers think, so it is easy for them to improve or develop the appropriate according to your assessment and evaluation.
The basic principle depends on your acceptance of such a job on the test of your eligibility to obtain it through a certain company testing your method in reviewing their product, provided that you are one of the consumers of this product.
ย According to everything mentioned, our participation in a strong and solid brand does not negate, especially after we have gained experience, that we establish our own business, the success of which determines the extent of our desire and ambition.
With the rapid development of information technology in general and communication in particular, software companies continuously produce smart services and modern applications that give the details of our daily lives a lot of interest, for example, but not limited to, applications for measuring blood sugar, the method of burning calories and other programs that provide guidance related to the physical and psychological health of users .
These applications will build an information system related to their users personally. If these applications or services are used correctly, they will give accurate results. We will address the impact of the uses on users and the extent to which these services can be directed and invested in serving our daily needs, whether health ones or related to the tools that we deal with permanently and continuously. .
Sources :
In the process in which these applications collect our data, that data will be used to make our lives more enjoyable and comfortable.
Here we will analyze the structural structure of the data and we will start by forming two columns, the first containing the data sources and the second containing the resulting information.
With the presence of smart devices that link our bodies, our behaviors, our projects, and the Internet, making us digital physical elements, these devices have become the focus of the attention of many around the world. We will call these tools โdevicesโ.
outputs:
You can imagine that an application can record your sleep times and analyze it to come up with a standard that determines the optimal time for you. It sets its alarm to wake you up in the morning, and another application to measure your breathing and another application to analyze your heart rate by skin color. All of these services are available through โappsโ “
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Key technologies are devised for similar applications that include the common tasks of those applications so that developers and programmers use their content specifically to facilitate their access to the devices that produce the data composing the applications and this is called “APIs”.
Some companies use the information of application users to serve their advertising purposes, as they create analyzes of our daily needs and basic requirements and obtain models based on them that provide them with advertising materials of higher value.
The process of relying on the source of information and analyzing the data can be called โbusiness.โ
Some research for some companies is based on the exploration of valuable information extracted from the data ocean of users to be invested in the service of various fields such as medicine or marketing. We will call this process โresearchโ
In the end, we cannot make a final judgment according to what was mentioned that the investment of user information is included under the purpose of advertising only, but it can be clearly recognized that there are companies striving to provide useful service to users, which enhances confidence between the producer and the consumer in what is called โexperience.โ
Here, the difference between those who play the role of data sources and those who give a way out to the data becomes clear. To clarify, we present some evidence on the ground:
The question that arises here is, are you, as a user, ready to provide your digital information to a company to exploit it in what is valuable and useful to you?
After the clear vision of the data structure has been completed, perhaps it will be clear that the future of technology will lead us to use the technology of linking sources with exits, which leads us to the possibility that each of us can exploit his personal information to create what is useful and more valuable in what facilitates our daily lives.
In this simple tutorial, we’ll explain One-Hot encoding with Python and R.
This model recognizes numeric values โโonly as inputs. In order for our model to work with data sets, we must encode them, as we will explain later.
What is the concept of One-hot encoding:
This encoding converts groups of data represented by words, letters or symbols into correct numeric values โโwith specific places of ones and zeros that are determined by the number of groups so that each part of these places represents one group or category.
Thus, any category is denoted by the number one, otherwise the symbol will take zero.
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We will illustrate with a practical example the process of One-hot coding using R and Python:
Using Python
Using R
So what is the significance of this encoding ?
In the case of important data sets consisting of certain categories, we need to use them in the model, which of course only accepts numeric codes, as is the case in some algorithms, in these cases one-hot encoding is the best option.
Questions are often raised about the advice and instructions that those who intend to apply for a first job in data science should have, as this particular field does not allow those who wish to apply for the first job to be trained in it, as most of the data science cadres focus on dealing with different jobs, so the new employee must To work alone from the start.
What we will present today will be guiding instructions that, if followed, will remove a kind of dread and will increase the chances of success.
Technical expertise:
You must have several skills to gain confidence and make a perfect start when applying for a job, including:
โข To feel that you are proficient in dealing with programming languages
โข To explore data analysis skills
โข Understand the concept of machine learning algorithms
โข Positive in communicating with others
When you have these skills, then we can say that you will start walking in the right path. It is a good start, and we will detail some important information in more depth.
Create an archive of your work and skills (Portfolio):
When there is a vacancy in data science and applicants flock to it, it is difficult for recruitment officials to distinguish the most qualified applicants. Here, the importance of having their own business archive indicates their level of experience and skill, so that they have better chances of being nominated.
It does not mean here that you have to create advanced or complex projects, when you see yourself starting to deal flexibly with data science techniques, it is enough to present simplified projects as a predictive model that you have done about any research and the Kaggle platform is the most appropriate place to learn to create simple projects that contain educational methods A value created by data science experts through which you will learn the basic concepts and useful techniques needed to build a startup and by adding your skills to the information you will obtain from this platform, you will be able to build a clear and solid structure on which to base your career path.
Your work archive will become rich and valuable with the effective practice of data science projects and thus you will have the necessary expertise to solve any problem that you may encounter during the implementation of your projects. Practical application is always the essence of learning. It is not enough to rely on theoretical learning, as distinguishing you among your peers is coupled with continuous practical practice and gaining more experiences.
You can enrich your information and activate your skills by using the DrivenData system, which poses real-world problems. This system helps you to enter the challenge and search for solutions that benefit the environment and humans, as well as other systems that include data scientists who are experts in facing challenges and exploring solutions that reflect positively on society. Working with these people is considered An abundant source to gain the required experience.
The stage that follows the completion of the projects is to create a free website to display the archive, and this does not require you a lot of time or effort, which we will explain later in this article.
Business writing:
The HR team usually does the preliminary testing in data work and who do not have deep knowledge in data science techniques so choosing the right description of your business profile is the key for these people to get a general idea of โโyour project,
Recruitment team members make every effort to select candidates carefully in order to avoid making mistakes and accomplish their task more flexibly and smoothly.
A blog is the perfect place to blog about your business and Kaggle is a good environment for documenting your projects.
Organizing an outstanding CV:
It is very necessary to have a resume organized according to certain criteria and within attractive templates that are widely available on the web, and we discussed how to organize a professional resume in a previous article.
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Share experiences and skills:
Most companies rely on the expertise of their employees, but consulting specialized data scientists gives a professional character to the companyโs business and analytics, and you can very simply build a distinguished team through several sites:
Meetup: It allows you to create an account that enables you to communicate with people within your surroundings.
Events: Through which you can explore different scientific events, especially data science. These events create a suitable environment to get to know people with common interests.
Conferences: It includes many conferences, especially those that have a distinctive educational nature, in addition to being a forum for communication between data scientists.
Mentor: All of the above does not replace the presence of a mentor who will teach and support you in your career. One of the more in-depth benefits is the ability to communicate with your mentorโs network, and know that the more contact you have with data science experts, the more experience and skills you will have.
Make your start from the submerged companies:
Since most of the major companies depend on the stability of their employment, it will be difficult to find opportunities for those who do not have enough experience, so your chance to find a job for one of the developing companies will be your starting point that will one day lead you to your dream of being a member of a cadre Professional work in one of the major companies.
However, the benefit of joining a growing company is not limited to what has been mentioned only, but also to several things:
โข In the immersed company, you have a greater opportunity to communicate with your superiors at work, so they can see your work and get to know your skills closely.
โข Your chance to learn new things is great through diversity in jobs and tasks.
โข In a growing company, you will have greater opportunities for job promotion.
Take care to deal with all types of data:
Constant and continuous dealing with various types of data allows you to gain more technical experience, such as having the experience of a data analyst and many other tasks that you can master in the near term. It makes you a data scientist who is not hampered by difficulties and not deterred by technical and technical problems from highlighting his expertise and efficiency that makes him distinct from his peers and the focus of attention and confidence of business leaders.
In conclusion, we can say that data science provides you with many opportunities that you dream of, but you should spare no effort or time in learning and do not miss out on everything that would raise the level of your experiences and skills. abundant.
The issue of data volume obtains the greatest attention from those responsible for analyzing and compiling the huge amount of data compared to its accuracy and type.. What can be said that this interest is the most prominent feature in the work system in the space of big data.
However, this interest did not satisfy some companies with the presence of some technical errors in their marketing databases. It is striking that some statistics were recorded for a very large percentage of those gaps in the documents of one of the largest companies in the world.
Some of the pitfalls that were observed were highlighted as follows:
โข Lack of sufficient knowledge of industrial information
โข Lack of recorded information on revenues
โข Not paying attention to employee records
โข Neglecting to know the job titles of customers
Perhaps what was mentioned above makes us reconsider that theory with which we started our research and recall that it is more appropriate for everyone who deals with data to pay more attention to the quality and accuracy of the data than to the volume of data in order to seek to realize the desired goal and expand business activity.
This is reflected in several reasons, the most important of which are:
Attention to sales:
When those in charge of sales operations are armed with an abundance of accurate and correct data, then they can use their full potential and experience to acquire the largest possible number of active customers, and thus they have avoided as much as possible wasting time by searching for how to find solutions to the obstacles that hinder their progress and success, and this in turn applies to the employees of Marketing, as it is not acceptable for the salesperson to search for a customerโs number or mail and then discover that it is missing and not present in the contacts database. The attention to accuracy here avoids the work staff making such mistakes and they are able to divert their attention to convincing the largest possible number of customers to buy a product or service and thus do their part to the fullest.
According to the reports of marketing experts, email, mobile and search engine optimization are the elements that highlight the main role of big data in its impact on their marketing system.
Focus on the important points of the target group:
Based on what was mentioned, it can be said that sound and accurate data contributes to a major role in demonstrating the competence of marketing staff and providing what they have of experience and good judgment of matters according to the right track, such as conducting a quick study of the record of each customer so that they coordinate well-thought-out messages that suit the interests of the target customer.
Avoid wasting time and money:
The randomness of data coordination hinders the work of salespeople, as instead of investing time in the optimal organization of the marketing plan of preparing and sending promotional messages, they will have to search for a long time for ways to connect them to customers, so sound data is the way to avoid falling into a cycle of confusion and waste of time and everything It would hinder the workflow.
Good Sales Leadership Increases Profits:
The deep knowledge that results from good handling of clean data generates in the work staff sufficient experience and far-sightedness to deal with various types of commercial activities of all kinds, especially knowledge of transaction volumes, market requirements, good selection of projects with guaranteed profit, economic feasibility, forecasting sales operations, forecasting revenues, and so on.
We conclude from the above:
There is no point in the large amount of data if it does not enjoy regularity and coordination, then this huge amount of organized and clean data will form a mainstay for the company and its staff, and it is the main pillar for developing any business activity and achieving the required results with high efficiency.
How to write a killer resume and ace the interview
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Obtaining a job in the field of data analysis is the biggest goal for practitioners of this type of science, but despite their acquisition of the necessary experience and their possession of the skills to make them highly qualified data analysts, the dread of the job interview for applicants remains an obsession that causes confusion that sometimes hinders passing the interview flexibly and easily. It is imperative for the applicants to overcome the obsession with dread and tension by being confident during the interview, which reflects a positive impression on those in charge of examining the applicants and thus increases the chances of acceptance.
Especially since one of the important factors that contribute to increasing employment opportunities, in addition to what was mentioned above, is organizing and coordinating a CV that impresses those who watch it.
So we can now say that the most important factors of success in the interview are:
โข Apply to the appropriate job that matches your skills and experience.
โข Organizing an attractive CV in form and content.
We will elaborate on each of these factors separately:
Choosing the right job and applying for it:
After that great time and effort to reach the efficiency and experience you have reached, and to clearly define your career path, you should culminate in all this by choosing an appropriate job for which you will apply by focusing on several points:
โข Find a job that you think matches your experience and skills, as this will make you stand out in your career
โข If you work in a company, make sure that if you have the desire to move to a new suitable job, the move should be within the company itself. Your prior knowledge of your job environment and the behavior of your colleagues will make you the first candidate to receive a higher level internal job.
โข Invest in famous job sites to learn about available opportunities such as: craigslist.com, LinkedIn.com, incrunchdata.com and dice.com, It contains many advertisements for job vacancies.
Distinguished CV organization:
After you have chosen the right job, you will face the next challenge, which is to organize a distinguished CV that fascinates the reader and reflects a good impression on those in charge of the interview, and to clarify the general meaning of excellence in CV writing, that is, to address in it an accurate description of your work and experience, accompanied by dates and documented by the certificates you obtained, in following Several points, including:
โข It does not highlight your strengths as a data analyst only, but gives clear and tangible evidence and practical examples, such as writing your professional story in all its stages in a concise and understandable manner, in which you also talk about the impact of the projects you presented in the development of the business activity in which you were an active part.
โข Talk briefly about your capabilities that can contribute to the development of the potential job and put forward some available solutions to confront some supposed problems. This will enhance the confidence of those responsible for employment and they will see you as a valuable gain within their job cadre. Strong support for written information in addition to the distinctive formatting of the CV such as highlighting headings and main paragraphs in bold, this will greatly contribute to drawing attention to your skills and experience
โข Choose the appropriate phrases that make you appear as a skillful and professional data analyst that arouse the interest and admiration of the testers, and stay away from expressions and terms that are useless, and replace them with practical experiences of innovations and solutions that you have made in your projects and indicate the extent of their impact on overcoming problems and difficulties.
Acing the interview
After your CV has been admired and accepted, you are heading to the interview:
So, you are in front of a pivotal point that will determine your professional future. Do not skimp on yourself in preparing well for the real and decisive test through several instructions:
โข Being aware of the details of the work, the movement of revenues and the strategies followed allows you to take note of the general policy of the company, and this will facilitate you to provide useful answers that satisfy the questioner in accordance with the professional content of the company.
In the interview, you may be exposed to difficult questions that you did not expect to be asked. Therefore, a thorough training on your story is part of a good preparation to face this type of question without showing signs of tension or confusion, which are considered your number one enemy in the success of your interview. Remember that self-confidence is your main ally in In that position, arm yourself with your skills and technical information and put it into practice through practical explanation in front of the interview committee.
โข Be very careful to show your interest and unbridled desire to join the company’s staff and show your enthusiasm in being ready to face all kinds of challenges that hinder the progress of this company and put all your experience at the disposal of the company’s officials and employ it as much as possible by highlighting a general problem and dividing that problem into parts and then Treating each part separately will give a positive impression about you and show you that you are a skilled analyst and therefore your chance will be greater.
โข Make sure to be present at the interview on time and do not delay, so lethargy and indifference become the first negative impression about you and you, then beware of arrogance and exaggerated pride in yourself and your skills. Good manners and good interaction with others while taking care of your elegance and your external appearance will leave a beautiful impact on them. Do not forget at the end of the interview. Do not forget to thank the interview members for their time and let them see from you a serious desire to work in the company.
Thus, we see that good preparation and preparation for the job interview gives the applicant a dose of self-confidence that can remove the dread imposed by the atmosphere of tests and interviews in general.
Recently, people have been flocking to study data science, and this science has become the most popular and sought-after science in the last two years.
The demand for higher degrees in data science has spread widely and rapidly, and online training courses have become abundantly available, and it has become increasingly popular to obtain data science certificates, as is the case on Datacamp, Udemy and Coursera sites, thus delving into the field of business accurately and proficiently.
However, this noise began to fade among some skeptics about the extent of the continuity of demand for this type of science.
Some statistics have talked about a diminishing in the size of the huge halo formed by data science compared to the past years and considered that data science was a passing event that will disappear to be replaced by a new, more advanced science.
Through some articles, these statistics dealt with the work of urging researchers to learn data technology to work in a field related to data engineering, the science that will be a continuation of data science, but in an advanced form about it.
One of the researchers says with great passion and interest about the continuity of data science as one of the most important sciences of the era that through his continuous research, a preliminary vision was formed that showed data science workers, especially beginners, who are scattered and confused about the feasibility of continuing to work in this science.
In the midst of this chaos in estimating the extent to which data science can continue at the same pace that it was at in its aspects, we have three questions that we must answer, perhaps they will be the way to cut doubt with certainty:
1) Will data engineering become an inevitable alternative to data science and thus data engineer becomes more in demand than data scientist?
2) With its rapid development, will machine learning technologies take the place of the data scientist?
3) Is the ability to obtain a job in data science still as important as it was in the midst of this rapid development in the data space, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Comparing data science and data engineering:
The above-mentioned researcher resumes and says: After continuous and diligent research and several comparisons between those who adopt the idea of โโdata engineering dominating data science, which is popular in the near future, and those who see that data science is the main pillar for dealing with data of all kinds, it turns out that the two fields are no less important, one than the other. . In other words, we cannot be certain that data engineering is an alternative to data science.
This conclusion began to be treated by observing the reliance of companies, especially large ones, on data engineers to deal with various types of data and employ them for optimal use.
Then comes the role of data scientists, as the analysts transform that data into a profitable component by which these companies reach the desired result.
With this important role of data scientists in creating the profitable value of organizations, they were not able to deal with the huge amount of random data flowing in a short time. These two functions are complementary to each other and each has its own mission.
The merits of this research create for us an important question that cannot be overlooked, is it possible for automation to take the role of data scientists?
The answer to this question leads us to identify the effectiveness of the tools that companies adopt in building their predictive models, and can these tools perform the tasks of data scientists? For example, can DataRobot technology help analysts produce predictive models like data scientists do without machine learning?
By delving deeply into the effectiveness of this tool specifically, we arrive at two points:
1) This tool has complete flexibility to use, especially with regard to importing data in all its formats and dealing with it quite easily.
2) This tool can find the typical value from among a set of branched data to produce a final value with high accuracy, which saves time and effort.
With these distinct capabilities of machine learning, it is not possible in any way to complete the work without the expertise of data scientists in the long run, as their task in accomplishing other tasks such as adding weights for features and some other functions that prepare to complete the work cannot be neglected in one way or another.
Each stage of data processing has a special function, and this is what data scientists do in terms of detailing, sorting and coordinating data according to the data and requirements. Hence, the consolidation of the essential role of human judgment when dealing with these technologies, however, it is difficult to automate a large part of the jobs by data scientists.
All these data confirm that the availability of human expertise when working with software technologies that speed up the completion of tasks makes the work integrated and indivisible, and therefore neither of them can replace the other.
And by highlighting the content of our research comes the most important question: Is there still demand for data scientists?
Statistics for the year 2020 prove that one person can produce data at a rate of 1.7 megabytes per second.
Data has an effective role in developing the industrial structure in all its forms, including, for example, following up on marketing operations so that through data points we can develop the progress of the marketing process, reach optimal targeting plans, and monitor the audienceโs interaction with the marketing material.
All of these tasks cannot be performed by the data analyst alone. Automated and software techniques have a major role in accomplishing these functions, but they cannot negate the role of the data analyst and his practical experience in completing the required work. What distinguishes the data scientist is his practical skills that are completely different from the data science students from Theoretically.
Practical experience is the basis for dealing with data. The summary of benefiting from theoretical information is to employ it practically on the ground and the art of dealing with all possibilities and finding a solution to the obstacles that a data scientist encounters during his work. If this person possesses those skills, his scientific and practical value cannot be ignored.
We conclude from the foregoing that all the development of information technology is not able in any way to cancel data science and therefore talk about the beginning of the disappearance of this science is unfounded.
We have seen that companies still rely on data science experts to find solutions and overcome obstacles that machine learning cannot accomplish alone, but in addition to that, there is no automated technology that can take the role of a data scientist with its expertise and skills.
According to estimates from the Small Business Administration, more than 627,000 new businesses are opened every year. One of the most challenging aspects of starting a new business is figuring out how to fund it. Fortunately, grants and programs exist to help new business owners get started. Read on for some tips, courtesy of Data World.
Government Grants
The federal government offers thousands of grants for companies with a variety of backgrounds. A good place to begin your search for government grants is the Grants.gov website. In addition to the various grant programs offered by the federal government, many state and local governments have their own programs.
Small Business Innovation Research Program
The SBIR provides grants to small businesses interested in contributing to federal research and development that has the potential for future commercialization. This highly competitive, awards-based program aims to assist businesses with achieving technological innovation and scientific excellence. To qualify, your company must be a for-profit company that is more than 50% controlled and owned by citizens or permanent residents of the United States and has no more than 500 employees. The SBIR website offers a series of courses that include information about the program and how to apply.
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U.S. Department of Commerce Minority Business Development Agency
The MBDA offers grants and loans to help minority-owned businesses. You can find out more information about available grants and application procedures by contacting your state or local MBDA Business Center.
The United States Economic Development Administration
The EDA is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and funds businesses that support national and regional economic development. Examples of businesses that can apply include construction, technical assistance, planning, higher education, and research and evaluation. Funding opportunities and deadlines change. You can find the latest information on the website.
Corporate Small Business Grants
Many large companies offer small-business grants as a philanthropic effort. Some of these grants are only for nonprofit businesses, but for-profit ventures can also qualify for some programs. One example is the FedEx Small Business Grant Contest. This annual contest awards $250,000 to 12 small businesses. U.S.-based for-profit companies with fewer than 100 employees are eligible to apply after six months in operation.
Members of the National Association for the Self-Employed can apply on the NASE website for monthly grants up to $4,000. Applications are reviewed in April, July, October and January. Grants are approved based on need, use and the potential impact of the grant on the business.
Handling Other Administrative Details Like Forming an LLC
In addition to finding funding, there are a variety of administrative details you must take care of to legally operate your business. Choosing what type of legal entity to operate your business under is one such task.
Organizing as a limited liability company can save you money on taxes, save you time on paperwork, provide greater flexibility and protect your personal assets from claims by business creditors. The regulations vary by state, so it can be useful to utilize a formation service to make sure you get all the details correct. These services are familiar with the rules and regulations and can save you from having to do the LLC registration legwork yourself. They are also usually less expensive than hiring an attorney.
These are just a few of the resources available to entrepreneurs. Your local chamber of commerce, small business administration office and any professional organizations you belong to are good resources for additional funding information.
At this point, we will apply our neural network to a working model and verify its correctness after we have completed our Python codes to perform forward and backward progression.
It is worth noting that our neural network must be programmed automatically to recognize the appropriate weights to perform this task.
By applying the neural network for 1500 iterations, we notice that the value of the loss gradually decreases for each iteration, according to what is shown in the graph, which is in line with the aforementioned algorithm.
So the final prediction result for the 1500-repeat neural network is as follows:
Predictions after 1500 training iterations
By comparing the predictions with the real values, we find that there is agreement between them with a slight difference. This means that the training of the neural network was successful due to the forward and backward algorithm.
After finding the errors and deviations in the data values, we must adjust the appropriate value for the weights and biases through the derivative of the deviation function related to them, which indicates the slope of the function in calculus.
Gradient Regression Algorithm
If the value of the derivative is known to us, we reset the ratios of weights and biases by raising or decreasing those ratios, but this is not enough to calculate the derivative of the skew function directly in terms of weights and biases because their value does not exist in the equation that represents them, so it is necessary to use the law of the serial scale to reach the solution .
This mathematical equation may seem somewhat complicated, but it is the only way to lead us to the correct solution. For simplicity, we have shown the partial derivative of a single-layer Neural Network. After we extract this result, we add the backpropagation task in the Python code for our case.
And in the following video tutorial, a detailed explanation of the law of the serial scale in backpropagation and the application of calculus is provided by 3Blue1Brown
In the previous article, we had talked about the concept of Neural Network and how to manipulate weights and biases to get more accurate results based largely on finding the Loss function.
This is done by using the tool for assessing the general variance of the data set from its mean, which is called sum-of-sqaures, which is a statistical measure of deviation from the mean in the data set, which is shown by the equation:
The sum of the variance between the predictive values โโand the real value is what we call the term sum of squares error, and this is done by squaring the difference by measuring its absolute value.
Through this study we can find accurate formulas for weights and biases that avoid as much as possible the loss of a job that could create a problem in reaching correct results.
The general concept of the work of this system can be summarized by analogy with the work system of the brain, which depends for its content on a mathematical mechanism based on several inputs that determine the structure of the required results.
Accordingly, we can define the components of the Neural Network:
input layer x
Irregular hidden layers
output layer ลท
Different equilibriums between classes w and b
Determine the sigmoid activation function of the hidden layers ฯ.
Often when calculating the number of Neural Network layers the input layer is ignored as shown in this two-layer Neural Network architecture diagram :
It is easy to create a Neural Network in Python:
Neural Network Training:
The value of ลท for a simple two-layer Neural Network is derived by the following equation:
It is clear from the previous equation that the values โโof the variables represented by the weights w and the biases b, after careful tuning of their values, determine the output of ลท, which represents the output value, and this is known as the Neural Network training.
We can divide each iteration of the training process into the following stages:
โข The stage of calculating the value of the outputs, defined as: feedforward
โข The stage of updating the values โโof w and b, defined as: backpropagation
This is what the sequential graph shows :
feedforward
The above graph shows that Feedforward is a simple calculus and accordingly the output of a two-layer Neural Network is :
By adding the basic task of Feedforward in the Python code in our previous case, assuming that the value of biases is zero, that is, it is equal to zero, we get:
However, we have to find a more accurate method for our predictions.. This method is provided by the Loss Function property that we will learn about in the next essay .
A tool that makes data integration simplified and more effective, and it is free and open source of the ETL style, meaning that its function is to organize and coordinate raw, unstructured information and transform it into ready-made data for practical analysis. It has the ability to develop and manage its applications to the fullest extent, as it contains a central store of data with the ability to deal with metadata, making it the ideal tool for performing all analysis techniques with high efficiency and accuracy.
It is a free and open source NoSQL database, and it is the ideal tool for analyzing big data with an expansive feature, which in turn works to avoid errors during the analysis process, thus obtaining accurate and more effective results.
The main features of this tool are summarized in the following points:
โข Its properties are somewhat similar to SQL, including the query language.
โข Provides a wide display area, especially for writing operations.
โข The ability to spread securely because it is not restricted to a central server.
โข Easy system of data.
โข The ability to replicate patterns and the flexibility of modification and coordination.
This tool enables the processing of ETL solutions and various types of data as it is based on the processing of the basic database set. High security and flexibility of data transformation in addition to the fact that it contains a REST application programming panel. All these features and capabilities make Xplenty a platform that provides high efficiency and complete flexibility for big data analysts.
It is considered one of the most important database control systems and it is an open source analysis tool designed to deal with columns from Yandex and by means of large coordinated data it allows its users to perform analytical queries within a short period of time.
It is one of the distinguished tools in dealing with big data and preferred by many analysts to work on all general analytical functions such as: Presto, Spark, Impala, and in general in dealing with databases represented by columns with the flexibility of controlling the master keys and procedures for deleting unnecessary data, as is the case in InfluxDB.
ClickHouse is based on its own SQL language and includes many graphical extensions such as high-format tasks, data models, interlaced data forms, URL-compatibility functions, probability algorithms, various mechanisms for working with dictionaries, formatting schemas formed from working on Apache Kafka, aggregation tasks, designing visualizations saved with their formatting, and many more the other.
An effective tool in developing the analysis steps and making them more advanced, as Airflow is considered code in the Python language.
5. Apache Parquet
Apache Parquet is a dual-column, big data-architecture designed for Hadoop that allows it to represent compressed data by controlling new codes as they appear at the column level. Parquet is a popular environment for big data analysts and is used in Spark and Kafka and Hadoop.
It is one of the open source tools that are highly efficient in analyzing big data due to its reliance on distributed computing technology in RAM, which speeds up the processing process and gives more accurate and effective results.
Spark is a suitable environment for many big data analysis professionals, especially for many giant companies such as eBay, Yahoo and Amazon due to the development of this tool for many functions used in analysis techniques such as iterative algorithms and data flow processing, as this tool mainly depends on Hadoop, the advanced system for MapReduce
Superset is a data visualization technology that is done with the help of a group of other components. It is a suitable environment for designing control panels and confirming customer membership through OAuth, OpenID or LDAP. Its characteristics are consistent with most data sources designated to work on SQL program, and its features work in full compatibility with Apache ECharts.
Many giant companies such as Netflix, Airbnb, Twitter, Airbnb, and Lyft rely on Superset technology primarily to analyze their products due to its use in MediaWiki.
An integrated set of programs specialized in dealing with big data, application programming interfaces, and the techniques necessary to develop them, which are free and open source.
This tool consists of four sections:
YARN is a technology dedicated to handling data sets.
HDFS is a categorized file system that is built to run on standard devices.
A programming environment that enables other units to be compatible with HDFS.
MapReduce is an algorithmic pattern used for parallel computation provided by Google.
There are many tools dedicated to big data analysis on different software providers such as Microsoft, IBM and Oracle, and they are widely used by analysts of this type of data
Especially the open source programs that the largest companies rely on to analyze their products. There are also free tools such as Apache Hadoop, which are classified from the free Apache environment.
In the upcoming articles, we will discuss the big data analysis tools, each separately
Recently, with the advancement of science and technology, there have been many questions about techniques for dealing with big data, through which we can predict customer behavior, control resources, expand sales, thwart emergency conditions that hinder the progress of any business, and control fraud, in addition to making the daily transactions of many people more flexible and easy.
The term “big data” was given to a database that contains several rows or random data related to a topic, or techniques that deal with many inquiries at the same time.
Several years ago, the discussion of big data was not so important that even some data science professionals did not have a sufficient understanding of how to deal with the exact structure of this type of data.
Big data in its concept does not embody the data itself :
The concept of big data is not limited to the data itself, but goes beyond it to strategies related to dealing with that data, with another prevention, which is to find an effective mechanism to process a random set of information related to the activity of any government agency or commercial company, regardless of the amount of that information through which technicians and specialists can find The best organizational methods for converting that information into useful data conducive to overcoming all obstacles to the smooth functioning of that activity.
Moreover, according to the new concept of big data, it is considered the best way to get rid of the traditional pattern of effective relationships and transactions in the development of machine learning techniques and its branches, so that big data technicians and specialists receive greater attention and support compared to programming specialists and data scientists in general. Dealing with this large amount of data Data of all kinds leads to accurate and effective analysis and leads to following the right strategies in investing time and effort at the lowest costs to serve commercial or industrial activity or both for major international companies.
We will deal as a living model plan of a particular company planning to carry out advertising campaigns on a large scale or a company planning to evaluate its sales movement. The best option to implement these strategies that fall under the name of business intelligence is the use of big data as a model solution to implement these projects more effectively by using more accurate and professional techniques provided by this Type of data analysis.
This is done to deal with big data through several steps, and data preparation is one of the most important basics of the analysis process, which consumes the most time from the total integrated system for data analysis.
data collection :
The data is collected as a first stage by special tools from multiple sources and then stored on a file in its basic position without making any change in the properties because any change or transformation of information loses some of its features and thus reduces the efficiency of the analysis.
data selection
To explain the concept of data selection, we turn, in an illustrative example, to a promotional plan that is presented to customers for SIM products to be sold before the start of the school season, based on the analyzes of sales movement in the previous year. Based on previous analyzes without neglecting to rely on forecasting according to the surrounding developments and variables.
Here comes the role of data analysts in identifying the subgroups of the common data set, which are relied upon to find the best way to produce good results.
Clean the raw data:
This step includes filtering and processing unstructured, unformatted, or error-containing data, eliminating duplicates, if any, and analyzing them to take the form of useful and required information.
Data Enhancement and Integration:
Data is supplemented from local data sources or various other data sources (databases or information systems) and their aggregation is included when calculating new values โโsuch that a game company collects and analyzes documents produced by games to gain insights into usage behavior and customer preferences so that it can produce plans to enhance the likelihood of opportunities Selling by developing new features that drive the growth of their business forward.
Data Format :
Sometimes it may require doing data formatting without modifying its values, such as sorting data with specific numbering and encoding, shortening long terms, and removing unnecessary punctuation marks in text cells.
Activate the role of forecasters
At this stage, the derived features are built and directed to work on the machine learning technology so that they are employed to raise the efficiency of the higher education algorithm and then deal with it by the forecasters.
Create an analytic model:
Since the model is a method of seeing data, this requires creating an analytical model to predict the required variable. For example, we can say that sorting is the collection of items with similar characteristics into subgroups according to certain criteria.
At this point, for the sake of clarity, we can sort customer groups based on the behavior of their customers: sports interests, vegetarians, etc. through tools designed for this purpose (such as IBM SPSS) via the built-in databases.
In practice, models that include machine learning characteristics are used to transfer the current analyzes to the future for the purpose of comparing them with reality and other samples. .
In general, this type of analysis requires analysts to devise a different method to apply it to the data because there is a state of chaos in the organization of the data resulting from not organizing and coordinating it well. Therefore, block analysis and machine learning are related to the variables created by the existing situation, so they invent a new method by writing more effective software codes. Contributes to bug fixing and rectification of errors.
As a last step in this analysis, it is possible to build control panels and charts due to the presence of a small number of data capable of graphic representation.
The ideal tool for text finding and sentiment analysis
Experience Level : Beginner to Intermediate
This tool is specifically designed to deal with qualitative data such as interviews, available survey questions and comments on social media. This tool also allows to perform complex functions such as sentiment analysis, especially for people who do not have experience in dealing with programming techniques.
ATLAS.ti program has a number of features, including:
โข Sentiment Analysis
โข wordlist
โข Word cloud
โข Synonyms
โข Entity recognition
โข Display Features
โข Find texts
โข Sorting by name, adjective, and others.
This tool enables its users to upload images and videos for multimedia analytics and works in full compliance with geo-data and maps.
However, its main drawback is that sentiment analysis is available in only four languages: German, English, Spanish and Portuguese, in addition to its monthly subscription starting at $35 for non-commercial use.
Some examples of ATLAS.ti usage:
1- This idea is based on observing the feelings of people who are subject to a social experience after watching videos expressing those feelings by writing or drawing that determines their impression and behavior and the extent of the impact of this viewing, so ATLAS.ti is the most appropriate tool to do this task to the fullest.
2- Organizing data: This tool can easily be relied on to find texts without resorting to programming, especially for people who do not prefer dealing with the Python language, as if you need to find some views of recordings from a series of personal interviews you have previously conducted.
We conclude from the above:
Data analysts usually prefer to use several tools to deal with data of different content and content. Each tool has a specific task within an integrated data analysis system, some of which need to deal with Excel, ATLAS.ti and SPSS as uses for data analysis related to social sciences, and some need to deal with Excel Polymer Search and Akkio, as is the case with digital marketers and what distinguishes dealing with all these tools is the availability of free trial versions in case the data analyst is not able to accurately determine the type of tool to use for a pattern of data.
Ideal for creating interactive graphs, dashboards, and data processing.
Experience Level: Beginner to Intermediate
An alternative to Tableau but has the advantage of using the BI package with the widest options for data visualization and charting
Also, it is not necessary to use code, but it gives the option to use the relatively powerful DAX language that programmers who use code.
In addition, it has flexibility in data processing and cleaning, easy compatibility with other Microsoft products, and compatibility with working with R & Python to build models.
A Power BI subscription starts at $9.99 per month, so it’s less expensive than other programs.
Thus, we conclude that the two tools Tableau and Power BI are suitable for business intelligence, but what distinguishes Power BI is that it is better for data processing and less costly, as mentioned earlier.
The ideal tool for creating dashboards, interactive charts, and master data cleaning
Experience Level : Beginner to Intermediate.
Tableau is the perfect choice for designing elegant, high-tech infographics and is characterized by its ability to create information control panels without the need to use codes. It allows data analysts to send that data to people who are inexperienced in dealing with technology. It also allows them, through interactive control panels, to easily follow that information. complete.
The disadvantages of this program are that, despite its ability to analyze data, it does not have the efficiency to process random data that requires a thorough cleaning, which is often Python and R are the most appropriate options for this task, in addition, it often targets large companies, as its prices start from 70 dollars per month.
To illustrate the use of Tableau features in work, for example, every data analyst or data scientist in general sends results and reports to executives, and those reports must be attractive, interactive, customizable, and have the flexibility of access to others, and with the BI feature, you can create charts and visualizations with its ability to easily Join multiple tables, detail and analyze data with complete flexibility by dragging and dropping.
Tableau saves a lot of time and effort in creating interactive control panels, thus avoiding dealing with complex programming and wasting time as in Matplotlib / Seaborn / Plotly to get accurate results quickly.
Optimum tool for linear and logistic regression, cluster analysis, t-tests, MANOVA, ANOVA
Experience Level: Intermediate
This tool is used by professionals in the social sciences and education, as well as in government, retail and market studies, and its main function is to point and click.
The advantage of SPSS is that it allows a variety of data types to be contained by a variety of different regression types and tests, so this tool requires its users to be familiar with highly detailed hypothesis-testing statistics such as ANOVAs and MANOVAs.
The main disadvantage of SPSS is its high cost, starting at $99 per month.
Practical examples of using SPSS:
data samples:
Let’s say that a researcher in psychology and sociology is conducting scientific research that requires studying samples of certain segments of people in a society. You should have two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The t-test allows knowing that there is a statistical difference between the two groups based on the p-value that you specify.
Multivariate analysis:
This type of analysis sheds light on the difference between groups through several variables at the same time, as in our previous example. Studying a particular segment gives more accurate results for the study, taking into account the age and ethnic differences, etc.
We conclude from the study of this tool that its users prefer it in their reliance on statistical indications taken from data analysis in their science and research that they specialize in. It is an intermediate element between beginner tools such as: Polymer Search and Excel and more advanced programming languages โโsuch as Python and R
The ideal tool in advanced academic statistical analysis, big data and machine learning
Experience Level: Advanced
R program is characterized by its efficiency in conducting very advanced statistical analysis (academic level stuff), especially exploratory data analysis (EDA), and this is what makes it superior to Python, although they have almost the same functional characteristics, especially in the processing of large data
R tool is designed to perform advanced-level statistical analysis with high accuracy. It is known that tools that are specific to specific functions can perform those tasks more accurately than those tools that perform general functions.
Compared to Python, for example, doing a common analysis for R is simple and easy. As for Python, this task needs to find the right library and know how it works, then write codes and waste time and effort doing actions that you don’t need to do in R.
In the end, we conclude that the R and Python tools share almost the same functional characteristics with the advantage of Python in building production applications, but it does not have the efficiency in doing advanced academic computations compared to R .
Optimized tool: for dealing with big data, machine learning, automation and application development.
Experience Level: Advanced
Python is the most widely used programming language among data scientists and analysts because it is open source, contains multiple and diverse libraries, is characterized by its speed of performance, and is written in C. This means that it is possible to store and process bytes and bits that require a lot of time faster and easier.
As we mentioned earlier, the Python language is open source and contains 200,000 packages that include packages used for data analysis such as Plotly, Seaborn and Matplotlib. You can also call libraries in any field of data analysis.
Key Features of Python in Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Automation:
โข Great ease in dealing with small data and in performing complex calculations.
โข Super speed in the processing of huge data.
โข Save a lot of time in automating information.
Despite all these advantages that Python has, it is not without some drawbacks, most notably its ineffectiveness for mobile applications on the one hand, and its learning period to serve the purpose for which it is used, which is considered long compared to other tools on the other hand.
Python application examples:
Automation : You can do the analysis of several groups of data using several analysis tools such as Excel, but this requires a great deal of time and effort. The analysis then will be manually for each group separately, but the analysis of the same groups using Python will be more flexible and fast, and with 15 lines of code that will accomplish the task perfectly. Face .
Cleaning data : If you lose a sponsored link from a TV show, for example, you can restore those links by discovering those links in the first stage and then writing code to restore links as a second stage.
Exploratory data analysis :
You can understand the visualization and distribution of data by building an interactive model of your data in simple code in a short time using the Python module Pandas Profiling.
Thus, we conclude that these characteristics of the Python language made it the most widely used and desired language by data analysts and the best in dealing with data science and its branches of science and technology.
The ultimate tool for checking and processing big data
Experience Level: Intermediate
SQL is a programming language for querying and manipulating data
It performs almost the same tasks as Excel, but it is superior to it in its ability to deal with large data, and thus shortens a great deal of data processing time compared to Excel, in addition to its ability to store data in small files.
However, the only aspect in which Excel excels over SQL is the ease of learning and handling of the main tasks.
The main function of SQL tool is to edit big data
For example, you have a very large number of posts on Instagram and you want to make edits or sort those posts with easy procedures and simple instructions.
It has an effective role in joining data sets together. You can rely on SQL to combine several spreadsheet files containing a number of fields in one file with the utmost smoothness and flexibility, avoiding complications, difficulties and wasting time that you face to perform this task in Excel.
The ideal tool for predictive analytics, sales and marketing
The principle of this tool is based on artificial intelligence. After you enter your data on Akkio, select the variable you want to predict, and Akkio will build a neural network around this variable, using 80% as training data and 20% for validation.
The most important thing about Akkio is that it is not limited to prediction but also classifies the results accurately and with a few clicks in simple steps you can publish the model in a web application.
However, its disadvantages are that it is limited to dealing with table data and does not support the discovery of image and audio files, and its price starts at $50 per month.
To illustrate how to invest this tool to serve your business and projects, letโs say for example that you run an online store and email promotions, you use Akkio to create forecast models that you sell to customers so it can be said that this tool is good for users who do not have technical experience to get started with predictive analytics.
This tool is considered one of the easiest data analysis tools but the best for analyzing and displaying sales and marketing data and practical in business intelligence techniques
Experience Level: Beginner
You can perform a set of tasks in the analysis by entering your data on the site of the tool, which in turn will convert that data into an interactive web application, and these tasks include:
1- interactive pivot tables:
You can get questions about the data in a smooth and fast way and sort the entered data and output by clicking on click on the instructions for this process.
2- Automatic explanation:
Several options are presented to you about the data to ensure that you get the best results, such as suggesting summaries and showing anomalies, such as providing the optimal options for an effective digital marketing strategy according to certain data that determine the size of the currency, the target group, and others.
3- Interactive visualizations:
This tool allows its users to find several ideas and features about data and create interactive dashboards by presenting many types of charts, whether strip, bubble, scattered and heat maps, and the fact that these visualizations are interactive, which makes dealing with them easier and more accurate, especially in terms of sorting and filtering data.
Among the advantages of this performance is the discovery of matrices and their automatic division, as well as the presence of features and analysis techniques that cannot be performed by other programs such as Excel.
Despite all the advantages of this tool, it is not without some drawbacks, the most prominent of which is its inability to deal with large data and its loss to give more accurate results when dealing with more complex analysis, as it does not provide several types of charts and graphs.
This tool provides digital marketing users with several advantages as mentioned above, for example, this tool can act on your behalf in running Facebook ads or any PPC campaign and finding the most effective groups.
After you enter the data of your search for the target group of the audience, it sorts the search results and reviews them for you from best to worst and provides information on the secondary values โโresulting from that search process.
Business Intelligence: Polymer turns your spreadsheet into a dashboard where you can create infographics that you share with executives or clients via a URL that’s easy and flexible to access.
Therefore, this tool is simply considered optimal for non-technical people and for beginners because of the features and techniques that it offers with high efficiency in accomplishing the required tasks.
Excel is ideal for processing graphs and charts, and for analyzing and storing data; you can replace it as well if it is not available in your workplace with google spreadsheets because of the great similarity between them. Excel allows you to create charts and graphs very smoothly, providing several types of charts, including pie charts, box charts, bar charts, scatter charts, and other forms of charts, so either you’re a beginner or intermediate could use this program and take advantage of its capabilities.
You can also customize the colors according to what your work requires, in addition to various options such as controlling the size to display the results on the web with appropriate accuracy.
Excel provides a set of capabilities and techniques that allow you to control and change the data as you want, which makes Excel the ideal program for data analysis through several utilities, filters and mathematical operations within the program.
The circle of benefit from the program expands by learning the original programming language of the program, which is VBA, and that is recommended for those who spend a long time working on the program.
However, the main problem of Excel is that it is unable to process and analyze large and more complex data, and it does not favor its use in statistical analysis.
Here are samples that illustrate some of the features of working on Excel:
Data manipulation:
Excel contains several options for dealing with specific parts of the data, such as deleting specific positions of characters in each cell, or dividing a column into several columns, and so on.
Calculations:
Let’s say you have e-commerce data about sales of certain products and you always in need for calculations. So, Excel gives you several options to perform calculations on that data.
Bivariate Analysis:
Excel could be helpful in that case as it offers all the types of charts you need to analyze univariate or bivariate structured data.
Pivot Tables:
This tool enables you to create quick and easy pivot tables to get answers to common questions.
As a conclusion, Excel is an important tool with techniques and options that serve data analysts in implementing all that is necessary for their projects.
Data analysis tools of all kinds are designed to serve the purpose of their use, but the difficulty of choosing the most appropriate tool lies in the similar capabilities between some tools, so we will discuss the selection of the best option for the appropriate tool for the type of analysis you are doing, and we will discuss the most commonly used by beginners and professionals in data science.
Factors that help you reach the selection of the appropriate tool for data analysis:
โข Determining the budget and the size of the work cadre in your company.
โข Knowing the volume of data that we will analyze.
โข Knowing the type of data to be analyzed and whether it needs classification or not.
โข Knowing if the analysis require certain types of perceptions?
โข Determining the function of the entity we are dealing with.
Content list:
We will mention the best and most appropriate option for each of the analysis techniques:
โข For sciences and academia: SPSS
โข For qualitative data analysis: ATLAS.ti
โข To query big data: SQL
โข To create graphs and edit data: Excel
โข For non-technical users: Polymer Search
โข To build prediction models: Akkio
โข For automation and machine learning: Python
โข For advanced statistical analysis: R
โข Reporting and Intelligence Techniques: Tableau
โข A cheaper alternative to intelligence techniques: Power BI
We will discuss later each of these options separately.
Digital marketing is a key factor in the success of any company, especially for small business owners. Its importance lies in several points, most notably its great contribution to bringing more potential customers through the wide and large spread of sites covered by digital advertising campaigns, in addition to that you can choose your audience who are interested in the product or service. In addition to its low costs compared to traditional means of advertising through the features and techniques provided by social media that make the advertiser reach the desired goals of his advertising campaign, if he uses them to the fullest, it is considered the link between the advertiser and the customer like search engines, content, e-mail and clips Video, illustrations, advertising text messages and e-books.
Therefore, it is necessary for any person who undertakes a small business project to adopt the process of digital marketing to promote his products or services, but rather he must develop his methods of buying and selling and dealing with customers to keep pace with the development taking place in the electronic market worldwide.
The importance of digital marketing lies in several points that we will list with illustrative examples, including :
Optimization of integrated content on the Internet :
The type and form of the advertised content often have a major role in attracting people to it, so the advertiser must choose appropriate and appropriate content, whether it is advertising text, illustrations, expressive images or videos. In producing attractive content through which he communicates the idea of โโthe advertised product in an innovative manner, such as writing an advertisement phrase alongside a picture or creative design that draws attention, or as filming a video clip discussing the most important issues or problems for a particular group of people and helping this group to find appropriate solutions and so on.
The role of social networking sites in digital marketing :
As a result of the great demand for social networking sites by Internet users, especially those looking for specific products or services, these platforms provide their users with services and technologies that help them find faster and greater what they are looking for by offering publications and advertisements that suit their interests that they had included as information when they subscribed to these The platforms are on their personal accounts, and in turn, it is an opportunity for the advertiser through these platforms to make the best use of these technologies to promote his products or services and get the largest possible number of customers.
The goals of social media users differ, each according to his interest, some of them use it for entertainment and entertainment or gather news and information, and some use it to present to him his achievements and works, and others use it for learning and benefit, and some of them use it to promote his products and services, and with this difference, these means strive to develop their work system to attract the largest possible number of subscribers using the latest technology and information methods
Through it, developers and those in charge of social media work to provide comfort and safety for their subscribers and provide everything that would help them achieve their goals, regardless of the importance of these goals, negative or positive. Marketers know very well the importance of these platforms in achieving their desired goals and they are aware The interaction between the advertiser and the potential customer is very necessary to build trust between the two parties on the one hand and to know the strengths and weaknesses of the promotional campaign through the followersโ comments and the extent of their interaction with the advertising material presented to them on the other hand.
Developing methods to reach customers:
Many Internet users around the world use modern search techniques to obtain information and search for products and services on the Internet. Perhaps the most prominent platforms that most of these users rely on are Google and Bing platforms, which provided a new and advanced pattern of communication between the advertiser and the customer through search engines and methods. Effective in analyzing data and studying the stages of the promotional attic, these platforms derive their importance as a destination for huge numbers of Internet users, whether from their mobile phones or computers and tablets. This large number of users has made these platforms carry out digital marketing campaigns for various commercial activities, whether they are advertisements for tourist trips Or scholarships, businesses or other services that you offer in your online store or any other business. Perhaps the best and fastest way to generate leads is through search engine marketing.
Digital Marketing Techniques:
Digital marketing techniques vary according to the advertised material, for example:
Google Analytics This tool enables you to analyze the profit mechanism that you make through digital advertising, monitor the activity of users in pay-per-click marketing campaigns, track the flow of visitors to the website, and many more features that you do not see in traditional marketing campaigns.
Google Keyword Planner: It allows you to put the keywords that are searching for users who are looking for a specific product within a scheme that opens the way for you to know your competitors and learn about ways that enable you to outperform them. You can also search for new sites to promote your products and services. I made more profits.
Rapid development of online communities:
Many marketers are keen on continuous communication between them and their followers, as in a YouTube channel or an account on a social networking site, which creates a cohesive and solid community with regard to the aspects of work and commerce. And skills are invested by some commercially to open up many horizons for them to establish a business through which they can build a successful and well-known brand name for the pioneers of these platforms as a Facebook page, blog or YouTube channel.
E-mail marketing is also an essential pillar of e-marketing. People or companies often resort to checking incoming messages to their e-mail in order to get what is useful for them. Here comes the role of the e-mail marketer to present to researchers about the benefit and quality in any particular service. To provide what it has by sending messages with valuable and useful content to the largest number of people and companies seeking the best services.
You must develop your skills in digital marketing to ensure the smooth running of your business process. The continuity of profit from your online business depends on your ability to organize a mechanism that guarantees you efficiency in managing social networking sites and in content marketing skill, improving the appearance of results on search engines and investing them optimally in Marketing process.
Learning Skills :
No person can acquire any skill and become highly qualified in any particular field if he has not undergone several educational programs that have led him to success and excellence and learn from failure before success. This fully applies to your marketing project, as you must learn everything It benefits your business based on your own experiences and the experiences of others, quoting from the experiences of experts and specialists in this field, and making it an approach to follow during the process of marketing your products or services.
Leadership skills:
It is doing what you have to do according to the requirements of your marketing plan and the skills you pursue within the framework of the possibilities offered to you by social media platforms and technologies provided by search engines, whatever the circumstances and obstacles you face. In work and in avoiding the negative impact of criticism that you are exposed to, it does not affect your self-esteem and decrease your determination, but on the contrary, you make it a positive factor through which you correct defects and shortcomings, if any, so that you have these ingredients together as a leadership personality that advances your business activity for the better.
Money management:
The success of any business is not only limited to earning money and making profits, but you must know how to manage this money by saving it and investing it in developing and expanding your project, especially working online. Good forms of money management and as your profits increase, you can allocate more amounts to promotions, which contributes to the growth of your business circle more and faster.
Formation of an experienced team:
Building a team capable of assisting you in developing the digital marketing approach for your online business is an important factor for the success and growth of this activity in the long run, and that is by selecting people with experience and employing them, each according to his specialization and experience, and by combining these experiences, an integrated work system is formed that inevitably leads to impressive results that reach the process. marketing to the required level.
Decisive and quick decision making:
One of the most important marketing skills on which the success and growth of the online business depends is the speed of decision-making regarding how and when promotional campaigns on the Internet, such as choosing the date of offers and dates of discounts on your products and many of the ideas that distinguish you from your competitors, so you must avoid hesitation in making decisions that That will contribute to the development of your business and increase your profits.
Data analysis skills:
The growth of business and thus increasing profits through working online depends largely on your ability and skill in analyzing customer behavioral data and data related to the progress of the promotional process. And more towards professionalism in the field of digital marketing.
Time management skill:
Exploiting the time factor is one of the cornerstones of the smooth running of the digital marketing process, by knowing how to invest your time in certain times or events that match the content of your business
What gives you strong competition among your peers in the market and ensures the growth of your business in record time is the perseverance in implementing your marketing methodology on a daily and continuous basis.
This requires you to take several steps to start with setting up the site from choosing the domain name and hosting, then defining the type of business and the payment method that your customers will deal with you within the site, and then start following an appropriate promotion plan for your products or services using social media such as targeted advertising on Facebook and pay-per-click and content marketing strategies.
Using the Amazon platform
The Amazon platform is considered a widespread electronic market. Once you use the Amazon platform to display your products, the people in charge of it will take the procedures of the business process in a manner that ensures its success for the seller and the buyer.
Self-hosted blog:
A blog is an online business that requires you a little money backed by using your skills in communicating with others and through it you can help people gain skills and share experiences in a specific topic. The way to earn money from a blog is in several ways:
1- Promote services such as designing websites or offering graphics and designs for sale.
2- Through commission marketing to another party that sells products in which it plays the role of a commercial intermediary between the seller and the buyer in return for a sum of money.
3- Content-based advertising.
Offer on freelance websites:
This method depends on displaying a set of samples of your work, whether graphics, designs, writing, or any service related to marketing skills, within the framework of your own profile that you create on independent websites and platforms specialized in publishing those services.
Having a certain skill opens the way for you to start your independent business from home, online, in line with your interests and experiences, in parallel with obtaining a good financial return.
The more you offer on these sites works of a distinguished professional nature, your chance to work on those sites will be greater and more abundant, as the quality of your work reflects to customers a positive image that encourages them to choose you to implement their work within the framework of the strong competition within these platforms.
Online lectures:
This method depends on you conducting online training courses within your specializations and skills. If you are skilled in drawing, for example, you can conduct several educational lessons on the Internet explaining the principles and techniques of drawing, in which you attract a large number of followers interested in learning to draw.
The same applies to any other skill that you invest in publishing through specialized platforms or on your website, depending on the correct promotion and quality in explanation and delivery that will bring you appropriate profits.
Create a YouTube channel:
The YouTube platform is a suitable and fertile environment for offering and publishing your services to reach the largest possible group of people by creating your own channel. By launching an educational project in a specific field, for example, you shoot videos that attract followers so that you can earn profits from advertising and marketing on that channel.
Creating and developing mobile and web applications:
You can benefit from acquiring skills in creating and developing mobile and web applications through your learning of programming techniques, and this gives you several options to determine the type of applications that you will create in line with the requirements and needs of the market
In this Article, we will list the 6 most important options and techniques for starting any online business:
1- Rely on your own skills:
The skills that you possess in any field and your method of using those skills are your weapon in moving towards a successful online business. Investing your strengths in drawing, cooking, selling, marketing, or even in creating videos makes you a useful person in the eyes of followers and the focus of attention and attracting searchers for the services you provide. All these factors can be considered your true balance in starting a successful project online.
2- Define your goals and make them your top priority.
Determining the main goals of working online is an important major step that puts you on the right paths in your career. Earning money is one of the most important goals for anyone who practice a business anywhere and anytime, and this does not negate the desire to create a well-known, reputable brand that leads to establish good business relations with customers and stimulate the desire of qualified people to join your team. All these goals give you a strong motivation to level up your business to a high position in the widespread online market.
3- Perform a valuable transition:
One of the important options in developing an integrated business that greatly contributes to increasing profits. Your integration into the electronic market opens the way for you to spread your products and services across a wider geographical spot and thus expand your circle of customers by creating your own online store in which you display your goods or services or display them on other sales platforms Online.
For example, if a teacher gives lessons to students at his home, he teaches via the Internet, which increases the number of his students and increases his profits.
4- Make your hobbies and interests a profession for you:
If you are good at playing music, or composing poems, or your hobby is cooking, drawing, or acting, then investing any of these hobbies in making it work for you is the best way to start your online business, provided that you support your interests and enhance them with creativity and use all your skills to make you excel at Your peers in the field of business via the Internet and thus you have taken the first step on the road to success and vice versa. Your attempt to start an online business that is not related to your studies or interests is a failed attempt.
For example, a person cannot start a business by selling sports equipment or providing explanations about exercises via the Internet, and he is not familiar with sports at all. In return, a person who has talent and high skill in drawing starts a business online by using that talent correctly, which is the best strategy for the success of work through the Internet.
5- Start with little money:
There is no doubt that using an amount of money to finance your project online increases the success rate of that project. Perhaps the best use of that money is to use it in promotional and digital marketing campaigns to serve the growth of your project and ensure its continuity and spread, so it is the good budget that helps to develop the business faster. But, if the money is not adequately available to be relied upon to earn money, it will be based on what you have of experience and skills.
6- Allocating working hours.
One of the strategies for starting an online business is to allocate working hours in proportion to the income. In other words, if you work in a company and want to start an online business, part-time is the best option for you. With the expansion of your business and increasing your profits online, you have the choice whether to leave the job or keep working full time with the assistance of a representatives who has the required skills and experience to handle the work.
– Next time we will review ideas for online businesses.
Drawing a correct digital marketing strategy is one of the most important pillars on which the proper conduct of the promotional process is based and choosing the right plan is important in the optimal use of the features offered by all digital marketing media, which will bring you great benefit and raise your business to the desired level.
On the contrary, if the marketing plan is not at a good level of professionalism, the chances of its success will diminish, and therefore the marketing campaign is doomed to failure.
There is no doubt that most of the companies that are very popular and enjoy an excellent reputation have derived their popularity and success from the well-chosen purely strong marketing approach through which their business continues to grow.
What is the best strategy for e-marketing success?
The skill in using the methods and tools available to build business relationships with customers and deal with product pricing and distribution techniques in the right way constitutes the basic structure of a successful digital marketing strategy and this is what you will learn about in this article in order to reach professionalism as an advertiser through digital marketing capable of leading social networking sites and employ it in the service of your advertising project.
In our explanation of the digital marketing strategy, we will address an example of marketing through the Facebook platform, which has a major role in spreading advertising content on a large scale.
As Facebook has many advertisement tools that allow anyone to create a business page. It is an ideal plan to start using this page to pick the target group audience and type of the publication that interest the audience. Thus, it is an exemplary step towards the success of the promotion process on Facebook, especially since the features available on the page enable linking other accounts with the Facebook account, such as a website that helps the audience to find it easily and get more visits, thus increasing the opportunity for the business to grow.
The content marketing strategy also has an effective role in the growth of the business. For example, a toy store presents a blog about games that enhance the children creativity. Choosing the appropriate title that will appear in the first search results for those looking for games that enhance the childโs creativity represents an effective strategy for content marketing. Additionally, sharing this blog on social media could attract more visitors to your product website and encourage them to sign up and get emails for future activities.
One of the other marketing strategies that contribute the growth of the business is โGoogle My Businessโ because using this tool could help people to easily find the location of any business as the features and services offered by that platform that allow classifying the business product according to the lists of services, categories and hours of operation on maps online Like Google Maps, then include this business in search lists to show researchers specific products and services.
Finally, the most important way to increase the visitors numbers is choosing the appropriate promotional words that are frequently used and that will appear in search engines for the huge number of Internet users in order to search for a specific business. Assuming that you are a seller of womenโs clothing and dresses, with the approaching festive seasons, the title โBest Evening Dressesโ appears in Google ads could be very useful to attract more people to your websit.
Digital marketing is divided into 8 main sections: social media marketing, email marketing, search engines, pay-per-click, content marketing, affiliate marketing, mobile marketing, marketing analysis, and affiliate marketing.
It has been noted that relying on digital marketing has contributed greatly to the development of the marketing approach for companies and institutions through the possibility of choosing advertising designs and controlling the quality of the target group of the audience according to their interest in the advertised product.
Types of digital marketing:
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
The appearance of the site that contains the advertised products in the first search results on Google is an important factor for this site to reach the largest category of customers looking for those products, but the extent of the success of this process requires the promoters in this way to select the appropriate words and phrases most frequently used by researchers on Search engines and their inclusion in the advertising content of the advertiser, and the way the website is designed in an attractive and organized manner and the choice of its link with the other site plays a major role in obtaining the desired results from the marketing process using search engines.
So, it is imperative for marketers in this way to be fully aware of the mechanism of search engines, especially Google, and to understand their algorithms by following these steps:
A good site structure helps search engines reach it fully, including advertising content, and this is done through the correct format of sitemaps, links and URLs.
It is necessary to replace images with alternative texts, videos and sounds with texts so that the search engine can read the content of the site clearly.
Choosing the appropriate words and search terms in the advertising content within the site and selecting the frequently used phrases in a concise manner is considered one of the mainstays for improving the priority of the siteโs appearance in the search engine results.
Social media marketing:
It is everything that includes promotions on social media platforms, provided that it is not limited to creating sponsored posts and interacting with comments only, but also includes full coordination of the automation and scheduling processes offered by these platforms, especially the continuous follow-up and use of them to serve the progress of the promotional process to the fullest.
Those in charge of promoting through social media must remain in contact with the general marketing staff and coordinate with them fully to ensure the exchange of messages and all elements of the advertising program at a high level of harmony and organization across all systems, whether through the Internet or other means of other promotion.
Also, the continuous follow-up of the ad traffic by measuring and evaluating the audienceโs interactions with the advertising publications plays a major role in correcting the defect, if any, and enhancing the positive points in the event that the promotional process proceeds as required.
Social media platforms give you many options that are not limited to Twitter and Instagram, but also include other areas such as:
Google My Business, eBay, Facebook Messenger, and Marketplace.
With all these advantages offered by these platforms to you as an advertiser, the extent of the success of the promotion process remains dependent on the type and form of the advertising publications in a way that draws attention and attracts the onlookers and in the manner of presenting the advertising text that cannot be overlooked as an essential element of the advertising campaign.
Pay-per-click (PPC):
It is the indication of each click of the ads that appear at the front of search results at the top of the page, or those that appear while browsing web pages and mobile applications, or that appear before the beginning of YouTube clips. It is an effective way to raise the percentage of the promotion process to advanced ranks in the search results, and on the other hand, it is distinguished from others that you pay the advertising expense when someone clicks on your ad.
The percentage of the cost of advertising varies according to the number of people searching for keywords and keywords in the sites, so the value increases by the large number of searchers for those words and decreases as their number decreases.
Email Marketing:
Email marketing is one of the important sections of content marketing. Email marketing experts have an integrated vision of how to deal with people professionally and flexibly, and they have the skill to follow and analyze customer interactions by tracking the number of people who entered the email, the percentage of clicks, opening the mail, etc. From tracking mail traffic in general, and certainly there are several important things that should not be hidden from the originator of e-mail advertisements, including:
* Your personal stamp is an identification identity for you through your mail for customers and visitors, which distinguishes you from others
* Convincing the public of the urgent need for the advertised product and presenting a strong offer that ends within a short period of time, making the site a great turnout.
Content Marketing:
This is a method that is considered a marketing plan that will continue in the long term, through which advertisers present the marketing content elements of videos, voices, texts and podcasts, which will continue over time to attract the largest segment of the audience.
Mobile Marketing:
This type of marketing is done via smartphones or tablets to the target audience through text messages, websites, e-mail and social media by offering promotional offers or advertising content during a specific time and place.
Statistics have proven that a large group of consumers spend much more time using smart phone applications compared to watching advertisements on TV.
Marketing Analytics :
This type of marketing allows the advantage of tracking the progress of the marketing process in great detail by knowing the behavior of users in terms of the number of visits, click rate, the number of times email messages are opened, and many other advantages that require those in charge of the marketing process to absorb the huge amount of analysis information and deal with it according to a plan a certain professionalism.
Knowing the implications resulting from the analysis of the marketing process helps to create a specific strategy by knowing the strengths and employing them in supporting advertising campaigns to upgrade them to the best possible performance on the one hand, and on the other hand knowing the flaws and weaknesses to be remedied and avoided.
Marketers have a good number of techniques that allow them to assess the effectiveness of marketing operations, and perhaps the most famous of these is the Google Analytics tool used for marketing analytics.
Affiliate Marketing:
This type of marketing depends on establishing a business relationship that connects your company with specialized agencies to lead the promotions according to well-thought-out and highly effective systematic plans by involving their audience in your companyโs promotional processes, whether publications or videos to attract a larger number of customers that increase the expansion of your business within a short period .
Many platforms that adopt the commission promotion process have spread, such as TikTok, Instagram and Youtube, and it is expected that the number of platforms that adopt this type of digital marketing as an approach to it will increase, according to statistical studies.
Finally:
In the end, digital marketing is one of the most important areas that everyone should learn how to master their skills
Digital marketing is the process of promoting and selling products and services by electronic devices through social media, search engines, e-mail and mobile applications.
About digital marketing it depends on online marketing and offline marketing that is built on seven main pillars:
1. Content Marketing
2. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
3. Social Media Marketing (SMM)
4. Affiliate Marketing
5. Using Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
6. Email Marketing
7. Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising
In this article, we will highlight The offline marketing:
Offline marketing is based on four main categories, which are electronic marketing( enhanced offline marketing), radio marketing, television marketing and telemarketing, and we will address each of them separately.
Electronic Marketing(Enhanced Offline Marketing):
The billboard is one of the means of marketing that is not connected to the Internet, especially electronic ones. However, the success of advertising in this way depends mainly on the placement of the billboard, as it is placed in a place crowded with pedestrians that attracts a larger number of customers, which returns to the advertiser with more positive results.
The detailed explanation through pictures and illustrations, which attracts a good number of pioneers in electronic stores, is an important factor in the digital marketing plan.
From the above, we conclude that the success of offline marketing depends on attracting the largest segment of people.
TV Marketing:
According to statistics related to television marketing, the number of television viewers in the United States is still consolidating the mass base on which television marketing is based, especially the high percentage of subscribers to multicast channels.
Radio Marketing:
A study says that in recent years, the number of radio listeners in the United States has increased significantly, and in return, the value of spending on radio advertising is rising in parallel with that rise.
And the methods of advertising on the radio developed by making the host of the program start his radio program by reciting your advertisement and promoting your product.
So, with the help of search engines, you must choose the stations whose interests and requirements are in line with your advertised products. For example, if you own a sportswear and equipment company, you need to search for a radio program whose listeners are youth and athletes, on the one hand, and on the other hand. As a radio advertiser, you must choose the advertisement that is entertaining and not boring for the listener in the absence of the visual effect that people are more attracted to.
Mobile Marketing:
The number of people connected to the Internet from smart phones has increased by much more than the number of Internet users from computers. This wide spread of smart devices has contributed to raising the value of the amounts spent on mobile advertising compared to desktop advertising expenditures.
Call and text:
It depends on contacting a person and trying to sell a product to him, but this method has limited effectiveness compared to marketing through social media.
And text messages have a better role in the marketing process due to their availability on all phones and their widespread spread. Offering discounts is an important factor for any advertiser to attract the largest segment of customers. On the other hand, you can send special offers and gifts to customers participating in text messages. The text message service allows you to remind customers of appointments. Specific to launch a specific product and determine the date of receipt, for example.
Finally:
Despite the great reliance on the Internet in the development of the marketing process that cannot be dispensed with for any advertiser, the use of traditional methods that do not need to connect to the Internet still exists and achieves good results in marketing and contributes to expanding the circle of potential customers as well as working on the development of traditional devices to achieve maximum benefit of digital media.
Programmers and developers show great interest in the Python language, given that it is one of the most important and most popular programming languages in the world of technology, especially contemporary sciences such as data science, artificial intelligence and its branches.
Therefore, it is essential to look at the top eight questions that you will face if you are going to conduct a Python interview .
1- What is your knowledge about interpreted language?
Hiring staff usually start the interview by asking the basic questions about Python and brief explanation of basic concepts of this programming language.
2- What are the benefits of Python?
This is one of the main questions in interviews, that reveals your understanding of the Python language and why companies start replacing other programming languages โโsuch as JavaScript, C ++, R and others with Python.
3- Create a list of the common data types in Python
The interviewers are likely to ask about basic functions and concepts that are used a lot when anyone starts using Python including numeric data type, string type, assignment type, list types, set type, and so on.
4- What are the basic differences between lists and tuples?
Your answer to this question reveals your major understanding and ability to identify the differences between basic components of this language like lists ,tuples, mutable and immutable terms.
5- What is _init_?
Some Recruiters ask about details of functions and codes to test your knowledge in this language. The _init_ method is implemented in Python when creating a new object to help distinguishing between methods and attributes during the programming process.
6- Explain the differences between .py and .pyc?
One of the general questions in a Python interview, through which they learn about the programmer’s ability to understand concepts and terms in order to deal with the two differences in an optimal manner as required.
7- Describe Python namespaces.
This is one of the most interesting questions that recruiters usually like to ask in interviews because of the importance of Namespaces to set objects correctly. Your skills in defining the dictionary and Namespaces types is strong evidence for the interviewers of your high proficiency in understanding the Python language.
8- What are all necessary Python keywords?
A main and important question that requires any candidate in the interview to know the important keywords of the Python language before starting the interview, which are 33 keywords that include the meanings of variables and functional terms.
In this article, we will review the best data visualization books that will help you raise your level and develop your performance in graphic representation.
1- The Data Visualization Sketchbook:
This book is characterized by being a comprehensive guide to clarify the rules of drawing and dealing with graphs, starting from the stage of its creation, through how to deal with the control panel and designing slides, all the way to the stage of completing the graph in an optimal manner.
2- Storytelling with Data: A Data Visualization Guide for Business Professionals :
This book will teach you the whole process of creating helpful visualisations from A to Z, and how to attract the audienceโs attention to the main visualisation points.
3- Effective Data Visualization: The Right Chart for the Right Data
This book is characterized by its easy style and simple presentation to explain the concepts of graphing through its focus on the use of Excel charts and graphs to achieve the Data findings very easily. On the other hand, this book could guide you to successful visualisation creations and teach you how to choose the correct chart for your Data.
4- Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences :
The content of this book focuses on building amazing visualisation that is not forgettable by putting all the elements together with perfect and suitable colors and specific criteria in order to present data finding to your audience in a very particular way, easily and simply.
5- Better Data Visualizations: A Guide for Scholars, Researchers, and Wonks
Researchers are the leaders who find new methods to discover new things in all life aspects and this book is a guidance that helps researchers to present their findings better.
Finally:
Mastering the skills of mathematics and statistics in addition to programming skills and graphic representation will make you a professional in the field of data science and being aware of visualisation tools will enable you to get quick results with high efficiency.
To advance past the junior data scientist level the key is to practice coding as much as could reasonably be expected to remain on top.
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First : Python for Data Analysis is the ideal method to become more familiar with standard Python libraries like NumPy or pandas, as you need these libraries for Real-World Data analysis and visualization. So, this book is a finished composition that begins by reminding you how Python functions and investigates how to extract helpful insights from any data you may deal with as a Data Scientist.
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Second: Python Data Science Handbook is an extraordinary aide through all standard Python libraries also like NumPy, pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-learn.
This book is an extraordinary reference for any data-related issues you may have as a data scientist. Clean, transform and manipulate data to discover what is behind the scene.
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Third: Python Machine Learning is somewhere close to transitional and master. It will request both specialists and individuals who are somewhere in the middle.
It begins delicately and afterward, continues to latest advances in AI and machine learning.
It is an Extraordinary read for any AI engineer or Data Scientist exploring different avenues regarding AI calculations!
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Fourth: Active Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow (the second version is out!) is a stunning reference for a mid-level data scientist.
This book covers all basics (classification methods, dimensionality reduction) and afterward gets into neural organizations and deep learning utilizing Tensorflow and Keras to assemble ML models.
These are some of many important books for intermediate level, if you know other books please share in comments.
Data Science is certainly the most sizzling business sector at this time. Pretty much every organization has a Data science position opened or will open soon. That implies, it’s the best ideal opportunity to turn into a Data Scientist or sharpen your abilities in case you’re as of now one and need to step up to more senior positions. So, to get such a valuable help in this career, I will recommend you with the most valuable books that could lead you to know more skills in Data Science. More further, books are good and necessary but 70% of your Data analysis skills comes in practicing and performing projects.
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Data Science books for Beginners
1- In case you’re simply beginning your experience with Data Science, you should start with this book:
You do not need to know Python to start, this book is very helpful to start from the beginning as you’ll get a brief training in Python, learn basic math for Dat Science, and you will be able to break down data and analyzing it.
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2- In case you’re a beginner in machine learning you will find this book very helpful:
This book will help you to know what skills you need to obtain to turn into Data Scientist, how Data Scientists perform their jobs, or how to land your first interview for the first position.
I introduced most important books for Beginners who are taking their decision to become a Data Scientist. So, Good Luck, and it is my pleasure to share in comments some of other valuable books in Data Science for beginners that you may know about, that we can all exchange our experience.
Data Scientists are a blend of mathematicians, trend-spotters, and Computer Scientists. The Data Scientists’ job is to deal with huge amounts of data and complete further investigation to discover trends and gain a more profound understanding of what everything implies.
To start a career in Data Science you need some skills like analysis, machine learning, statistics, Hadoop, etc. Also, you need other skills like critical thinking, persuasive communications, and are a great listener and problem solver.
This is an industry where plenty of opportunities are available, so once you have the education and capabilities, the positions are sitting tight for youโpresently and later on.
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Data Scientist Job Market:
These days Data is considered very valuable, organizations are utilizing the discovered insights that data scientists give to remain one step ahead of their opposition. Large names like Apple, Microsoft, Google, Walmart, and more famous companies have many job opportunities for Data Scientists.
Data science job role was discovered to be the most encouraging vocation in 2019 and has positioned one of the best 50 positions in the US.
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How to start your first step?
The academic requirements for Data Science jobs are among the outstanding roles in the IT businessโabout 40% of these positions today expect you to hold a postgraduate education. There are also many platforms that offer to teach Data Science online like EDX, Coursera, Data world workshops, and many others.
These courses permit you to acquire deep learning about the most developed skills and techniques that Data scientists use, like Power Bi, Hadoop, R, SAS, Python, AI, and more.
Did you start your career, write in comments which is the best platform to learn the skills from your perspective?
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